01-what is man-第6部分

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Why；　you　wouldn't　get　any　of　all；　to　speak　of。



O。M。　　Couldn't　THAT　work　as　an　impulse　to　move　you　to　pay

the　tax？



Y。M。　　I　am　not　denying　it。



O。M。　　Apparently；　then；　it　is　a　case　of　for…duty's…sake　with

a　little　self…interest　added？



Y。M。　　Yes；　it　has　the　look　of　it。　　But　here　is　a　point：

we　pay　that　tax　knowing　it　to　be　unjust　and　an　extortion；　yet　we

go　away　with　a　pain　at　the　heart　if　we　think　we　have　been　stingy

with　the　poor　fellows；　and　we　heartily　wish　we　were　back　again；

so　that　we　could　do　the　right　thing；　and　MORE　than　the　right

thing；　the　GENEROUS　thing。　　I　think　it　will　be　difficult　for　you

to　find　any　thought　of　self　in　that　impulse。



O。M。　　I　wonder　why　you　should　think　so。　　When　you　find

service　charged　in　the　HOTEL　bill　does　it　annoy　you？



Y。M。　　No。



O。M。　　Do　you　ever　complain　of　the　amount　of　it？



Y。M。　　No；　it　would　not　occur　to　me。



O。M。　　The　EXPENSE；　then；　is　not　the　annoying　detail。　　It　is

a　fixed　charge；　and　you　pay　it　cheerfully；　you　pay　it　without　a

murmur。　　When　you　came　to　pay　the　servants；　how　would　you　like　it

if　each　of　the　men　and　maids　had　a　fixed　charge？



Y。M。　　Like　it？　　I　should　rejoice！



O。M。　　Even　if　the　fixed　tax　were　a　shade　MORE　than　you　had

been　in　the　habit　of　paying　in　the　form　of　tips？



Y。M。　　Indeed；　yes！



O。M。　　Very　well；　then。　　As　I　understand　it；　it　isn't　really

compassion　nor　yet　duty　that　moves　you　to　pay　the　tax；　and　it

isn't　the　AMOUNT　of　the　tax　that　annoys　you。　　Yet　SOMETHING

annoys　you。　　What　is　it？



Y。M。　　Well；　the　trouble　is；　you　never　know　WHAT　to　pay；　the

tax　varies　so；　all　over　Europe。



O。M。　　So　you　have　to　guess？



Y。M。　　There　is　no　other　way。　　So　you　go　on　thinking　and

thinking；　and　calculating　and　guessing；　and　consulting　with　other

people　and　getting　their　views；　and　it　spoils　your　sleep　nights；

and　makes　you　distraught　in　the　daytime；　and　while　you　are

pretending　to　look　at　the　sights　you　are　only　guessing　and

guessing　and　guessing　all　the　time；　and　being　worried　and

miserable。



O。M。　　And　all　about　a　debt　which　you　don't　owe　and　don't

have　to　pay　unless　you　want　to！　　Strange。　　What　is　the　purpose　of

the　guessing？



Y。M。　　To　guess　out　what　is　right　to　give　them；　and　not　be

unfair　to　any　of　them。



O。M。　　It　has　quite　a　noble　looktaking　so　much　pains　and　using　up

so　much　valuable　time　in　order　to　be　just　and　fair　to　a　poor　servant

to　whom　you　owe　nothing；　but　who　needs　money　and　is　ill　paid。



Y。M。　　I　think；　myself；　that　if　there　is　any　ungracious

motive　back　of　it　it　will　be　hard　to　find。



O。M。　　How　do　you　know　when　you　have　not　paid　a　servant　fairly？



Y。M。　　Why；　he　is　silent；　does　not　thank　you。　　Sometimes　he

gives　you　a　look　that　makes　you　ashamed。　　You　are　too　proud　to

rectify　your　mistake　there；　with　people　looking；　but　afterward

you　keep　on　wishing　and　wishing　you　HAD　done　it。　　My；　the　shame

and　the　pain　of　it！　　Sometimes　you　see；　by　the　signs；　that　you

have　it　JUST　RIGHT；　and　you　go　away　mightily　satisfied。

Sometimes　the　man　is　so　effusively　thankful　that　you　know　you

have　given　him　a　good　deal　MORE　than　was　necessary。



O。M。　　NECESSARY？　　Necessary　for　what？



Y。M。　　To　content　him。



O。M。　　How　do　you　feel　THEN？



Y。M。　　Repentant。



O。M。　　It　is　my　belief　that　you　have　NOT　been　concerning

yourself　in　guessing　out　his　just　dues；　but　only　in　ciphering　out

what　would　CONTENT　him。　　And　I　think　you　have　a　self…deluding

reason　for　that。



Y。M。　　What　was　it？



O。M。　　If　you　fell　short　of　what　he　was　expecting　and

wanting；　you　would　get　a　look　which　would　SHAME　YOU　BEFORE　FOLK。

That　would　give　you　PAIN。　　YOUfor　you　are　only　working　for

yourself；　not　HIM。　　If　you　gave　him　too　much　you　would　be　ASHAMED

OF　YOURSELF　for　it；　and　that　would　give　YOU　painanother　case　of

thinking　of　YOURSELF；　protecting　yourself；　SAVING　YOURSELF　FROM

DISCOMFORT。　　You　never　think　of　the　servant　onceexcept　to　guess

out　how　to　get　HIS　APPROVAL。　　If　you　get　that；　you　get　your　OWN

approval；　and　that　is　the　sole　and　only　thing　you　are　after。　　The

Master　inside　of　you　is　then　satisfied；　contented；　comfortable；

there　was　NO　OTHER　thing　at　stake；　as　a　matter　of　FIRST　interest；

anywhere　in　the　transaction。







Further　Instances



Y。M。　　Well；　to　think　of　it；　Self…Sacrifice　for　others；　the

grandest　thing　in　man；　ruled　out！　non…existent！



O。M。　　Are　you　accusing　me　of　saying　that？



Y。M。　　Why；　certainly。



O。M。　　I　haven't　said　it。



Y。M。　　What　did　you　say；　then？



O。M。　　That　no　man　has　ever　sacrificed　himself　in　the　common

meaning　of　that　phrasewhich　is；　self…sacrifice　for　another

ALONE。　　Men　make　daily　sacrifices　for　others；　but　it　is　for　their

own　sake　FIRST。　　The　act　must　content　their　own　spirit　FIRST。

The　other　beneficiaries　come　second。



Y。M。　　And　the　same　with　duty　for　duty's　sake？



O。M。　　Yes。　　No　man　performs　a　duty　for　mere　duty's　sake；　the　act

must　content　his　spirit　FIRST。　　He　must　feel　better　for　DOING　the

duty　than　he　would　for　shirking　it。　　Otherwise　he　will　not　do　it。



Y。M。　　Take　the　case　of　the　BERKELEY　CASTLE。



O。M。　　It　was　a　noble　duty；　greatly　performed。　　Take　it　to

pieces　and　examine　it；　if　you　like。



Y。M。　　A　British　troop…ship　crowded　with　soldiers　and　their

wives　and　children。　　She　struck　a　rock　and　began　to　sink。　　There

was　room　in　the　boats　for　the　women　and　children　only。　　The

colonel　lined　up　his　regiment　on　the　deck　and　said　〃it　is　our

duty　to　die；　that　they　may　be　saved。〃　　There　was　no　murmur；　no

protest。　　The　boats　carried　away　the　women　and　children。　　When

the　death…moment　was　come；　the　colonel　and　his　officers　took

their　several　posts；　the　men　stood　at　shoulder…arms；　and　so；　as

on　dress…parade；　with　their　flag　flying　and　the　drums　beating；

they　went　down；　a　sacrifice　to　duty　for　duty's　sake。　　Can　you

view　it　as　other　than　that？



O。M。　　It　was　something　as　fine　as　that；　as　exalted　as　that。

Could　you　have　remained　in　those　ranks　and　gone　down　to　your

death　in　that　unflinching　way？



Y。M。　　Could　I？　　No；　I　could　not。



O。M。　　Think。　　Imagine　yourself　there；　with　that　watery　doom

creeping　higher　and　higher　around　you。



Y。M。　　I　can　imagine　it。　　I　feel　all　the　horror　of　it。　　I　could

not　have　endured　it；　I　could　not　have　remained　in　my　place。

I　know　it。



O。M。　　Why？



Y。M。　　There　is　no　why　about　it：　　I　know　myself；　and　I　know　I

couldn't　DO　it。



O。M。　　But　it　would　be　your　DUTY　to　do　it。



Y。M。　　Yes；　I　knowbut　I　couldn't。



O。M。　　It　was　more　than　thousand　men；　yet　not　one　of　them

flinched。　　Some　of　them　must　have　been　born　with　your

temperament；　if　they　could　do　that　great　duty　for　duty's　SAKE；

why　not　you？　　Don't　you　know　that　you　could　go　out　and　gather

together　a　thousand　clerks　and　mechanics　and　put　them　on　that

deck　and　ask　them　to　die　for　duty's　sake；　and　not　two　dozen　of

them　would　stay　in　the　ranks　to　the　end？



Y。M。　　Yes；　I　know　that。



O。M。　　But　your　TRAIN　them；　and　put　them　through　a　campaign

or　two；　then　they　would　be　soldiers；　soldiers；　with　a　soldier's

pride；　a　soldier's　self…respect；　a　soldier's　ideals。　　They　would

have　to　content　a　SOLDIER'S　spirit　then；　not　a　clerk's；　not　a

mechanic's。　　They　could　not　content　that　spirit　by　shirking　a

soldier's　duty；　could　they？



Y。M。　　I　suppose　not。



O。M。　　Then　they　would　do　the　duty　not　for　the　DUTY'S　sake；

but　for　their　OWN　sakeprimarily。　　The　DUTY　was　JUST　THE　SAME；

and　just　as　imperative；　when　they　were　clerks；　mechanics；　raw

recruits；　but　they　wouldn't　perform　it　for　that。　　As　clerks　and

mechanics　they　had　other　ideals；　another　spirit　to　satisfy；　and

they　satisfied　it。　　They　HAD　to；　it　is　the　law。　　TRAINING　is

potent。　　Training　toward　higher　and　higher；　and　ever　higher

ideals　is　worth　any　man's　thought　and　labor　and　diligence。



Y。M。　　Consider　the　man　who　stands　by　his　duty　and　goes　to

the　stake　rather　than　be　recreant　to　it。



O。M。　　It　is　his　make　and　his　training。　　He　has　to　content

the　spirit　that　is　in　him；　though　it　cost　him　his　life。　　Another

man；　just　as　sincerely　religious；　but　of　different　temperament；

will　fail　of　that　duty；　though　recognizing　it　as　a　duty；　and

grieving　to　be　unequal　to　it：　　but　he　must　content　the　spirit

that　is　in　himhe　cannot　help　it。　　He　could　not　perform　that

duty　for　duty's　SAKE；　for　that　would　not　content　his　spirit；　and

the　contenting　of　his　spirit　must　be　looked　to　FIRST。　　It　takes

precedence　of　all　other　duties。



Y。M。　　Take　the　case　of　a　clergyman　of　stainless　private

morals　who　votes　for　a　thief　for　public　office；　on　his　own

party's　ticket；　and　against　an　honest　man　on　the　other　ticket。



O。M。　　He　has　to　content　his　spirit。　　He　has　no　public

morals；　he　has　no　private　ones；　where　his　party's　prosperity　is

at　stake。　　He　will　always　be　true　to　his　make　and　training。







IV



Training



Young　Man。　　You　keep　using　that　wordtraining。　　By　it　do

you　particularly　mean



Old　Man。　　Study；　instruction；　lectures；　sermons？　　That　is　a

part　of　itbut　not　a　large　part。　　I　mean　ALL　the　outside

influences。　　There　are　a　million　of　them。　　From　the　cradle　to　the

grave；　during　all　his　waking　hours；　the　human　being　is　under

training。　　In　the　very　first　rank　of　his　trainers　stands

ASSOCIATION。　　It　is　his　human　environment　which　influences　his

mind　and　his　feelings；　furnishes　him　his　ideals；　and　sets　him　on

his　road　and　keeps　him　in　it。　　If　he　leave　that　road　he　will　find

himself　shunned　by　the　people　whom　he　most　loves　and　esteems；　and

whose　approval　he　most　values。　　He　is　a　chameleon；　by　the　law　of

his　nature　he　takes　the　color　of　his　place　of　resort。　　The

influences　about　him　create　his　preferences；　his　aversions；　his

politics；　his　tastes；　his　morals；　his　religion。　　He　creates　none

of　these　things　for　himself。　　He　THINKS　he　does；　but　that　is

because　he　has　not　examined　into　the　matter。　　You　have　seen

Presbyterians？



Y。M。　　Many。