嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

flatland(献棲蒙声)-及6何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



     On the other hand in the case of ��2�� the Physician�察�though I shall here 

also   see   a   line   ��D'A'E'��   with a   bright   centre   ��A'���察  �yet   it   will   shade   away 

LESS   RAPIDLY   to   dimness�察  �because   the   sides   ��A'C'�察  �A'B'��               RECEDE 

LESS RAPIDLY INTO THE FOG�此�and what appear to me the Physician's 

extremities�察�viz。 D' and E'�察�will not be NOT SO DIM as the extremities of 

the Merchant。 

     The Reader will probably understand from these two instances how  

after   a   very   long   training   supplemented   by   constant   experience   it   is 

possible for the well´educated classes among us to discriminate with fair 

accuracy between the middle and lowest orders�察�by the sense of sight。 If 

my Spaceland Patrons have grasped this general conception�察�so far as to 

conceive   the   possibility   of   it   and   not   to   reject   my   account   as   altogether 

incredibleI   shall   have   attained   all   I   can   reasonably   expect。   Were   I   to 



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attempt further details I should only perplex。 Yet for the sake of the young 

and     inexperienced�察      �who    may     perchance      inferfrom     the    two   simple 

instances I have given above�察�of the manner in which I should recognize 

my Father and my Sonsthat Recognition by sight is an easy affair�察�it may 

be needful   to   point   out that   in   actual   life  most of   the problems   of   Sight 

Recognition are far more subtle and complex。 

     If   for  example�察    �when     my   Father�察   �the  Triangle�察    �approaches      me�察  �he 

happens to present his side to me instead of his angle�察�then�察�until I have 

asked him to rotate�察�or until I have edged my eye around him�察�I am for the 

moment   doubtful   whether   he   may   not   be   a   Straight   Line�察  �or�察  �in   other 

words�察  �a   Woman。 Again�察  �when   I   am   in   the   company   of   one   of   my   two 

hexagonal   Grandsons�察  �contemplating   one   of   his   sides   ��AB��   full   front�察  �it 

will be evident from the accompanying diagram that I shall see one whole 

line ��AB�� in comparative brightness ��shading off hardly at all at the ends�� 

and two smaller lines ��CA and BD�� dim throughout and shading away into 

greater dimness towards the extremities C and D。 

     But I must not give way to the temptation of enlarging on these topics。 

The meanest mathematician in Spaceland will readily believe me when I 

assert   that   the   problems   of   life�察  �which   present   themselves   to   the   well´ 

educatedwhen   they   are         themselves      in  motion�察   �rotating�察   �advancing     or 

retreating�察�and at the same time attempting to discriminate by the sense of 

sight   between   a   number   of   Polygons   of   high   rank   moving   in   different 

directions�察�as for example in a ball´room or conversazionemust be of a 

nature to task the angularity of the most intellectual�察�and amply justify the 

rich endowments of the Learned Professors of Geometry�察�both Static and 

Kinetic�察�in the illustrious University of Wentbridge�察�where the Science and 

Art of Sight Recognition are regularly taught to large classes of the ELITE 

of the States。 

     It is only a few of the scions of our noblest and wealthiest houses�察�who 

are    able    to  give    the   time    and    money      necessary     for   the   thorough 

prosecution of this noble and valuable Art。 Even to me�察�a Mathematician 

of    no   mean    standing�察    �and   the   Grandfather      of  two    most    hopeful    and 

perfectly   regular   Hexagons�察  �to   find   myself   in   the   midst   of   a   crowd   of 



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rotating   Polygons   of   the   higher   classes�察  �is   occasionally   very   perplexing。 

And of course to a common Tradesman�察�or Serf�察�such a sight is almost as 

unintelligible     as   it  would   be   to  you�察  �my    Reader�察   �were    you   suddenly 

transported to my country。 

     In such a crowd you could see on all sides of you nothing but a Line�察�

apparently   straight�察  �but   of   which   the   parts   would   vary   irregularly   and 

perpetually in brightness or dimness。 Even if you had completed your third 

year in the Pentagonal and Hexagonal classes in the University�察�and were 

perfect in the theory of the subject�察�you would still find there was need of 

many years of experience�察�before you could move in a fashionable crowd 

without jostling against your betters�察�whom it is against etiquette to ask to 

;feel�察─  �and   who�察  �by   their   superior   culture   and   breeding�察  �know   all   about 

your movements�察�while you know very little or nothing about theirs。 in a 

word�察�to comport oneself with perfect propriety in Polygonal society�察�one 

ought to be a Polygon oneself。 Such at least is the painful teaching of my 

experience。 

     It is astonishing how much the Artor I may almost call it instinct of 

Sight   Recognition is   developed by  the  habitual   practice  of it   and   by  the 

avoidance of the custom of ;Feeling。; Just as�察�with you�察�the deaf and dumb�察�

if   once   allowed   to   gesticulate   and   to   use   the   hand´alphabet�察  �will   never 

acquire the more difficult but far more valuable art of lip´speech and lip´ 

reading�察�so it is with us as regards ;Seeing; and ;Feeling。; None who in 

early life resort to ;Feeling; will ever learn ;Seeing; in perfection。 

     For this reason�察�among our Higher Classes�察 �Feeling; is discouraged or 

absolutely  forbidden。   From  the   cradle  their   children�察 �instead   of going   to 

the Public Elementary schools ��where the art of Feeling is taught�撮� are sent 

to   higher    Seminaries     of  an   exclusive    character�察   �and   at  our   illustrious 

University�察     �to  ;feel;   is  regarded     as   a  most    serious    fault�察 �involving 

Rustication for the first offence�察�and Expulsion for the second。 

     But among the lower classes the art of Sight Recognition is regarded 

as an unattainable luxury。 A common Tradesman cannot afford to let his 

sun spend a third of his life in abstract studies。 The children of the poor are 

therefore allowed to ;feel; from their earliest years�察�and they gain thereby 



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                                             Flatland 



a precocity and an early vivacity which contrast at first most favourably 

with   the   inert�察  �undeveloped�察  �and   listless   behaviour  of   the   half´instructed 

youths of the Polygonal class�察�but when the latter have at last completed 

their University course�察�and are prepared to put their theory into practice�察�

the change that comes over them may almost be described as a new birth�察�

and   in   every   art�察  �science�察  �and   social   pursuit   they   rapidly   overtake   and 

distance their Triangular competitors。 

     Only   a    few   of  the   Polygonal     Class   fail  to  pass   the  Final    Test  or 

Leaving Examination at the University。 The condition of the unsuccessful 

minority   is   truly   pitiable。   Rejected   from   the   higher   class�撮察  �they   are   also 

despised by the lower。 They have neither the matured and systematically 

trained powers of the Polygonal Bachelors and Masters of Arts�察�nor yet the 

native precocity and mercurial versatility of the youthful Tradesman。 The 

professions�察  �the   public   services�察  �are   closed   against   them�察  �and   though   in 

most States they are not actually debarred from marriage�察�yet they have the 

greatest difficulty in forming suitable alliances�察�as experience shews that 

the   offspring   of   such   unfortunate   and   ill´endowed   parents   is   generally 

itself unfortunate�察�if not positively Irregular。 

     It is from these specimens of the refuse of our Nobility that the great 

Tumults and   Seditions of   past   ages have   generally derived their leaders�察�

and so great is the mischief thence arising that an increasing minority of 

our   more   progressive   Statesmen   are   of   opinion   that   true   mercy   would 

dictate  their  entire  suppression�察�by  enacting   that   all   who   fail to pass   the 

Final Examination of the University should be either imprisoned for life�察�

or extinguished by a painless death。 

     But I find myself digressing into the subject of Irregularities�察�a matter 

of such vital interest that it demands a separateSECTION。 



           SECTION 7                 Concerning Irregular Figures 



       Throughout the previous pages I have been assumingwhat perhaps 

should have been laid down at the beginning as a distinct and fundamental 



                                                23 


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                                                Flatland 



propositionthat every human being in Flatland is a Regular Figure�察�that is 

to say of regular construction。 By this I mean that a Woman must not only 

be a line�察�but a straight line�察�that an Artisan or Soldier must have two of 

his sides equal�察�that Tradesmen must have three sides equal�察�Lawyers ��of 

which class I am a humble member���察�four sides equal�察�and�察�generally�察�that 

in every Polygon�察�all the sides must be equal。 

     The   sizes   of   the   sides   would   of   course   depend   upon   the   age   of   the 

individual。 A  Female   at   birth   would   be   about   an   inch   long�察  �while   a   tall 

adult Woman might extend to a foot。 As to the Males of every class�察�it may 

be roughly said that the length of an adult's size�察�when added together�察�is 

two     feet   or   a   little  more。    But    the   size    of  our    sides    is  not   under 

consideration。 I am speaking of the EQUALITY of sides�察�and it does not 

need   much   reflection   to   see  that 
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��