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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the dawn of amateur radio in the u[1].k.(辺咄字鴨侘議貴伏)-及20何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



suddenly became conscious of a regular ticking noise in the headphones I 

was wearing。 I made a sign to Mr Joly who was acting as switch censor at 

the time�察�and he got up and walked over to the Countess。 He whispered in 



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her ear and asked her what was in her hand bag。 The Countess blushed and 

replied that she had just collected her alarm clock from the watchmaker。 I 

don't know if any sharp´eared listener had heard the ticking and thought 

that we had a time bomb in the studio。 

       ;Having mentioned my  good friend   Mr Norman Joly  I   must   record 

that he was the technical supervisor for the foreign language broadcasts�察�

handling such things as wavelengths for the short wave relays�察�training the 

newsreaders ��of whom there must have been over 30�� and acting as studio 

manager and switch censor for some of the languages which he knew。 

       ;A   regular   broadcaster   in   our   studio   was   Francis   Noel´Baker   who 

later   became   a   Labour   member   of   Parliament   in   the   British   House   of 

Commons�察       �like   his  father。   The   Noel´Baker      family    are   well´known      in 

Greece because for several generations they have owned a large property 

on the island of Euboea ��Evia in Greek��。 Francis speaks fluent Greek�察�and 

his mother was related to Lord Byron。 In recent years he has switched his 

allegiance to the   Conservative Party  led by his personal friend   Margaret 

Thatcher。 

       ;Major Patrick Leigh´Fermor   the writer who   had kidnapped   Major´ 

General      Heinrich     Kreipe    in   Crete    and   spirited   him    away     to  Allied 

headquarters       in   Cairo�察  �came     to  our    studio   and    described     how    this 

audacious   operation   had   been   carried   out   by   him   and   Captain   William 

Stanley Moss�察�ex´Coldstream Guards�察�with the considerable assistance of 

the Cretan resistance movement partisans。 

       ;Purely  by   coincidence�察  �it   was   the   Greek   news   bulletin   from   Cairo 

which   first   announced   to   the   world   General   Montgomery's   victory   over 

General   Rommel   at Alamein。   I   must   explain   that   during   a   broadcast   the 

two doors leading into the studio were kept closed and an armed officer of 

the Military Police sat outside ��in civilian clothes�� to prevent anyone from 

entering   for   any   reason   whatsoever。   I   was   in   the   middle   of   reading   the 

news when suddenly�察�without warning�察�the inner door opened and a young 

despatch´rider�察�still wearing his crash helmet�察�walked in waving a piece of 

paper。   Mr   Joly   immediately   switched   off   the   microphone   and   asked   the 

young man what he thought he was doing。 'Most Immediate sir'�察�he said。 

��This   is   the   army's   highest   priority   classification。��   'To   be   broadcast   at 



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once。' 

       ;Mr   Joly   handed   the   document   to   me   and   I   saw   it   was   written   in 

English。 Taking a deep breath I began translating the text into Greek�察�with 

some      excitement      and    trepidation     owing     to  the   difference     in   syntax 

between   the   two   languages。   Forty´six   years   later   Mr   Joly   gave   me   the 

identical sheet of paper�察�which he had kept as a souvenir。 It is printed here 

in full。 At the Editorial offices�察�where they were monitoring the newscast�察�

they thought I had gone out of my mind�察�because the communique had not 

reached   them   yet。   When   they   tuned   in   to   the   short   wave   service   of   the 

B。B。C。 they heard the communique read out more than an hour after our 

Greek broadcast。 A world scoop�察�if ever there was one。 Years later when I 

returned to Athens�察�many of my friends told me they had heard the first 

broadcast      of  the   thrilling   bulletin    and   they    could    still  remember      the 

excitement in my voice。 

       ;The   Greek   section   was   the   first   to   inaugurate   the   transmission   of 

personal messages。 Many people were escaping from occupied Greece in 

sailing boats across to the shores of Asia Minor�察�ending up in the Middle 

East�察�mostly in Cairo。 They had no means of advising their relatives and 

friends in Greece that they had survived the perilous journey。 We used to 

broadcast      pre´arranged      messages      like  'John   informs     Mary   that    he  has 

arrived at the village'。 

       ;As I mentioned above�察�George Papandreou came to our studio and 

spoke to the people in Greece about the formation of the government of 

National      Unity�察  �which     had   been    agreed    by   all  parties   meeting     in  the 

Lebanon�察  �including   the   representatives   of   the   Partisans   operating   in   the 

mountains of Greece。 Papandreou and the government in exile moved to 

Naples in Italy for a short period and then returned to Athens on October 

12th 1944 for the Liberation。 

       ;Finally�察    �I  would      like   to   say    that   in   the   dark    days     before 

Montgomery's   breakthrough   at Alamein�察  �when   it   was   quite   on   the   cards 

that    General    Rommel       might    take   Cairo�察   �Mr   Joly   and    I  were   sent   to 

Jerusalem to make arrangements for the foreign language broadcasts to be 

continued      from    there。   Fortunately     the   situation    changed     and   we    were 

recalled to   Cairo�察  �where   we   arrived   just in time   for   me   to   broadcast   the 



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historic   communique   announcing   the   victory   at Alamein�察  �which   marked 

the turning point of the war in the Middle East。 



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                           CHAPTER NINE 



                                       MISCELLANY 

     1。 The first broadcasting stations of the world。 

       Speech was first transmitted for reception by the general public from 

Washington D。C。 in 1915 when Europe was still at war。 During 1916 the 

first `broadcasting' station in the world began regular transmissions from a 

New York suburb。 

       In  1919    Dr。  Frank    Conrad�察   �then   Assistant    Chief   Engineer    of   the 

Westinghouse   Electric   &   Manufacturing   Company�察  �set   up�察  �in   his   own 

garage   in   Wilkinsburg�察  �Pennsylvania�察  �a   75´watt   transmitter   ��8XK��   from 

which he broadcast musical entertainment for other radio enthusiasts。 This 

was      the   first   continued     scheduled      broadcasting       in   history。    The 

Westinghouse Company realised the potential value of Conrad's work and 

built KDKA�察�the first regular commercial broadcasting station in the world�察�

which   began   its   career   by   announcing   the   results   of   the   Harding´Cox 

election returns on the November 2nd 1920。 

       The   first   broadcasting   station   in   Europe   was   PCGG   which   began 

transmitting   on   November   6th   1919   from   the   Hague   in   Holland。   Hanso 

Steringa Idzerda�察�a 35 year old engineer�察�obtained the first licence granted 

in Europe for the transmission of music and speech for general reception�察�

as opposed to the wireless   telegraphy stations which had been   operating 

point    to  point   services。    From    the   end   of  1919    to  1924    this  station 

transmitted a series of musical programmes three times a week called `The 

Hague      Concerts'。    The    original   wavelength      of   670   metres    was    later 

changed to 1��150 metres。 

       At that time most of the people who heard these concerts would have 

been using headphones and they would not have been very critical about 

the   quality   of   the   sounds   they   were   hearing   compared   to   the   magical 

novelty   of   snatching   voices   and   music   apparently   out   of   thin   air。   This 

historic    transmitter    can   be  seen   in   the  museum      of  the   Dutch    Postal 

Services in the Hague。 

       The first transmissions  of speech   and   music in   England   were   made 

from     Chelmsford�察     �Essex�察   �when    a   15kW     transmitter    of  the   Marconi 



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Company began regular transmissions in February of 1920。 

       In the summer of 1924 the world's greatest radio companies ´ British 

Marconi�察  �German   Telefunken�察  �French   Radio   Telegraphie   and   American 

R。C。A。   ´    met   in   London   to   discuss   transatlantic   communications。   The 

learned gentlemen all   agreed that the Atlantic   could only  be spanned   by 

ultra´long waves of 10��000 to 20��000 metres�察�which would require the use 

of hundreds of kilowatts of power and receivers as large as a trunk�察�not to 

speak of antennas more than a mile long。 Dr。 Frank Conrad�察�who was also 

present     at  the  conference�察    �had   brought    with   him    a  small   short   wave 

receiver less than a foot square。 When he connected it to a curtain rod as 

an antenna the faint but clear voices of his assistants in the U。S。A。 were 

heard     from    nearly   four    thousand     miles   away。    With    this   spectacular 

demonstration he administered the deathblow to all plans for high power 

ultra´long´wavelength         transmitters�察   �and    from   then    on  the   commercial 

companies        con
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