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of striped flannel petticoat and short tartan shawl�察�

among these�察�a few surpervising constables and a dismal 

sprinkling of mutineers and broken men from higher ranks 

in society�察�with some mark of better days upon them�察�like 

a brand。  In a place no larger than Edinburgh�察�and where 

the traffic is mostly centred in five or six chief 

streets�察�the same face comes often under the notice of an 

idle stroller。  In fact�察�from this point of view�察�

Edinburgh is not so much a small city as the largest of 

small towns。  It is scarce possible to avoid observing 

your neighbours�察�and I never yet heard of any one who 

tried。  It has been my fortune�察�in this anonymous 

accidental way�察�to watch more than one of these downward 

travellers for some stages on the road to ruin。  One man 

must have been upwards of sixty before I first observed 

him�察�and he made then a decent�察�personable figure in 

broad´cloth of the best。  For three years he kept falling 

´ grease coming and buttons going from the square´skirted 

coat�察�the face puffing and pimpling�察�the shoulders 

growing bowed�察�the hair falling scant and grey upon his 

head�察�and the last that ever I saw of him�察�he was 

standing at the mouth of an entry with several men in 

moleskin�察�three parts drunk�察�and his old black raiment 

daubed with mud。  I fancy that I still can hear him 

laugh。  There was something heart´breaking in this 

gradual declension at so advanced an age�察�you would have 

thought a man of sixty out of the reach of these 

calamities�察�you would have thought that he was niched by 

that time into a safe place in life�察�whence he could pass 

quietly and honourably into the grave。



One of the earliest marks of these DEGRINGOLADES is�察�

that the victim begins to disappear from the New Town 

thoroughfares�察�and takes to the High Street�察�like a 

wounded animal to the woods。  And such an one is the type 

of the quarter。  It also has fallen socially。  A 

scutcheon over the door somewhat jars in sentiment where 

there is a washing at every window。  The old man�察�when I 

saw him last�察�wore the coat in which he had played the 

gentleman three years before�察�and that was just what gave 

him so pre´eminent an air of wretchedness。



It is true that the over´population was at least as 

dense in the epoch of lords and ladies�察�and that now´a´

days some customs which made Edinburgh notorious of yore 

have been fortunately pretermitted。  But an aggregation 

of comfort is not distasteful like an aggregation of the 

reverse。  Nobody cares how many lords and ladies�察�and 

divines and lawyers�察�may have been crowded into these 

houses in the past ´ perhaps the more the merrier。  The 

glasses clink around the china punch´bowl�察�some one 

touches the virginals�察�there are peacocks' feathers on 

the chimney�察�and the tapers burn clear and pale in the 

red firelight。  That is not an ugly picture in itself�察�

nor will it become ugly upon repetition。  All the better 

if the like were going on in every second room�察�the LAND 

would only look the more inviting。  Times are changed。  

In one house�察�perhaps�察�two´score families herd together�察�

and�察�perhaps�察�not one of them is wholly out of the reach 

of want。  The great hotel is given over to discomfort 

from the foundation to the chimney´tops�察�everywhere a 

pinching�察�narrow habit�察�scanty meals�察�and an air of 

sluttishness and dirt。  In the first room there is a 

birth�察�in another a death�察�in a third a sordid drinking´

bout�察�and the detective and the Bible´reader cross upon 

the stairs。  High words are audible from dwelling to 

dwelling�察�and children have a strange experience from the 

first�察�only a robust soul�察�you would think�察�could grow up 

in such conditions without hurt。  And even if God tempers 

His dispensations to the young�察�and all the ill does not 

arise that our apprehensions may forecast�察�the sight of 

such a way of living is disquieting to people who are 

more happily circumstanced。  Social inequality is nowhere 

more ostentatious than at Edinburgh。  I have mentioned 

already how�察�to the stroller along Princes Street�察�the 

High Street callously exhibits its back garrets。  It is 

true�察�there is a garden between。  And although nothing 

could be more glaring by way of contrast�察�sometimes the 

opposition is more immediate�察�sometimes the thing lies in 

a nutshell�察�and there is not so much as a blade of grass 

between the rich and poor。  To look over the South Bridge 

and see the Cowgate below full of crying hawkers�察�is to 

view one rank of society from another in the twinkling of 

an eye。



One night I went along the Cowgate after every one 

was a´bed but the policeman�察�and stopped by hazard before 

a tall LAND。  The moon touched upon its chimneys�察�and 

shone blankly on the upper windows�察�there was no light 

anywhere in the great bulk of building�察�but as I stood 

there it seemed to me that I could hear quite a body of 

quiet sounds from the interior�察�doubtless there were many 

clocks ticking�察�and people snoring on their backs。  And 

thus�察�as I fancied�察�the dense life within made itself 

faintly audible in my ears�察�family after family 

contributing its quota to the general hum�察�and the whole 

pile beating in tune to its timepieces�察�like a great 

disordered heart。  Perhaps it was little more than a 

fancy altogether�察�but it was strangely impressive at the 

time�察�and gave me an imaginative measure of the 

disproportion between the quantity of living flesh and 

the trifling walls that separated and contained it。



There was nothing fanciful�察�at least�察�but every 

circumstance of terror and reality�察�in the fall of the 

LAND in the High Street。  The building had grown rotten 

to the core�察�the entry underneath had suddenly closed up 

so that the scavenger's barrow could not pass�察�cracks and 

reverberations sounded through the house at night�察�the 

inhabitants of the huge old human bee´hive discussed 

their peril when they encountered on the stair�察�some had 

even left their dwellings in a panic of fear�察�and 

returned to them again in a fit of economy or self´

respect�察�when�察�in the black hours of a Sunday morning�察�

the whole structure ran together with a hideous uproar 

and tumbled story upon story to the ground。  The physical 

shock was felt far and near�察�and the moral shock 

travelled with the morning milkmaid into all the suburbs。  

The church´bells never sounded more dismally over 

Edinburgh than that grey forenoon。  Death had made a 

brave harvest�察�and�察�like Samson�察�by pulling down one 

roof�察�destroyed many a home。  None who saw it can have 

forgotten the aspect of the gable�察�here it was plastered�察�

there papered�察�according to the rooms�察�here the kettle 

still stood on the hob�察�high overhead�察�and there a cheap 

picture of the Queen was pasted over the chimney。  So�察�by 

this disaster�察�you had a glimpse into the life of thirty 

families�察�all suddenly cut off from the revolving years。  

The LAND had fallen�察�and with the LAND how much�  �Far in 

the country�察�people saw a gap in the city ranks�察�and the 

sun looked through between the chimneys in an unwonted 

place。  And all over the world�察�in London�察�in Canada�察�in 

New Zealand�察�fancy what a multitude of people could 

exclaim with truth�此�'The house that I was born in fell 

last night��'







CHAPTER III。

THE PARLIAMENT CLOSE。







TIME has wrought its changes most notably around the 

precincts of St。 Giles's Church。  The church itself�察�if 

it were not for the spire�察�would be unrecognisable�察�the 

KRAMES are all gone�察�not a shop is left to shelter in its 

buttresses�察�and zealous magistrates and a misguided 

architect have shorn the design of manhood�察�and left it 

poor�察�naked�察�and pitifully pretentious。  As St。 Giles's 

must have had in former days a rich and quaint appearance 

now forgotten�察�so the neighbourhood was bustling�察�

sunless�察�and romantic。  It was here that the town was 

most overbuilt�察�but the overbuilding has been all rooted 

out�察�and not only a free fair´way left along the High 

Street with an open space on either side of the church�察�

but a great porthole�察�knocked in the main line of the 

LANDS�察�gives an outlook to the north and the New Town。



There is a silly story of a subterranean passage 

between the Castle and Holyrood�察�and a bold Highland 

piper who volunteered to explore its windings。  He made 

his entrance by the upper end�察�playing a strathspey�察�the 

curious footed it after him down the street�察�following 

his descent by the sound of the chanter from below�察�until 

all of a sudden�察�about the level of St。 Giles's�察�the 

music came abruptly to an end�察�and the people in the 

street stood at fault with hands uplifted。  Whether he 

was choked with gases�察�or perished in a quag�察�or was 

removed bodily by the Evil One�察�remains a point of doubt�察�

but the piper has never again been seen or heard of from 

that day to this。  Perhaps he wandered down into the land 

of Thomas the Rhymer�察�and some day�察�when it is least 

expected�察�may take a thought to revisit the sunlit upper 

world。  That will be a strange moment for the cabmen on 

the stance besides St。 Giles's�察�when they hear the drone 

of his pipes reascending from the bowels of the earth 

below their horses' feet。



But it is not only pipers who have vanished�察�many a 

solid bulk of masonry has been likewise spirited into the 

air。  Here�察�for example�察�is the shape of a heart let into 

the causeway。  This was the site of the Tolbooth�察�the 

Heart of Midlothian�察�a place old in story and namefather 

to a noble book。  The walls are now down in the dust�察�

there is no more SQUALOR CARCERIS for merry debtors�察�no 

more cage for the old�察�acknowledged prison´breaker�察�but 

the sun and the wind play freely over the foundations of 

the jail。  Nor is this the only memorial that the 

pavement keeps of former days。  The ancient burying´

ground of Edinburgh
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