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concerning christian liberty-及6何蛍

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also will hear their cry�察�and will save them;�拭。�Psalm cxlv。 19��。 
This glory certainly cannot be attained by any works�察�but by 
faith only。

〃From these considerations any one may clearly see how a Christian 
man is free from all things�察�so that he needs no works in order 
to be justified and saved�察�but receives these gifts in abundance 
from faith alone。 Nay�察�were he so foolish as to pretend to be 
justified�察�set free�察�saved�察�and made a Christian�察�by means of any 
good work�察�he would immediately lose faith�察�with all its 
benefits。 Such folly is prettily represented in the fable where a 
dog�察�running along in the water and carrying in his mouth a real 
piece of meat�察�is deceived by the reflection of the meat in the 
water�察�and�察�in trying with open mouth to seize it�察�loses the meat 
and its image at the same time。

Here you will ask�察 �If all who are in the Church are priests�察�by 
what character are those whom we now call priests to be 
distinguished from the laity�拭─�I reply�察�By the use of these 
words�察 �priest�察─ �clergy�察─ ─�spiritual person�察─ �ecclesiastic�察─�
an injustice has been done�察�since they have been transferred from 
the remaining body of Christians to those few who are now�察�by 
hurtful custom�察�called ecclesiastics。 For Holy Scripture makes no 
distinction between them�察�except that those who are now 
boastfully called popes�察�bishops�察�and lords�察�it calls ministers�察�
servants�察�and stewards�察�who are to serve the rest in the ministry 
of the word�察�for teaching the faith of Christ and the liberty of 
believers。 For though it is true that we are all equally priests�察�
yet we cannot�察�nor�察�if we could�察�ought we all to�察�minister and 
teach publicly。 Thus Paul says�察 �Let a man so account of us as of 
the ministers of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God; ��1 
Cor。 iv。 1��。

This bad system has now issued in such a pompous display of power 
and such a terrible tyranny that no earthly government can be 
compared to it�察�as if the laity were something else than 
Christians。 Through this perversion of things it has happened 
that the knowledge of Christian grace�察�of faith�察�of liberty�察�and 
altogether of Christ�察�has utterly perished�察�and has been 
succeeded by an intolerable bondage to human works and laws�察�and�察�
according to the Lamentations of Jeremiah�察�we have become the 
slaves of the vilest men on earth�察�who abuse our misery to all 
the disgraceful and ignominious purposes of their own will。

Returning to the subject which we had begun�察�I think it is made 
clear by these considerations that it is not sufficient�察�nor a 
Christian course�察�to preach the works�察�life�察�and words of Christ 
in a historic manner�察�as facts which it suffices to know as an 
example how to frame our life�察�as do those who are now held the 
best preachers�察�and much less so to keep silence altogether on 
these things and to teach in their stead the laws of men and the 
decrees of the Fathers。 There are now not a few persons who 
preach and read about Christ with the object of moving the human 
affections to sympathise with Christ�察�to indignation against the 
Jews�察�and other childish and womanish absurdities of that kind。

Now preaching ought to have the object of promoting faith in Him�察�
so that He may not only be Christ�察�but a Christ for you and for 
me�察�and that what is said of Him�察�and what He is called�察�may work 
in us。 And this faith is produced and is maintained by preaching 
why Christ came�察�what He has brought us and given to us�察�and to 
what profit and advantage He is to be received。 This is done when 
the Christian liberty which we have from Christ Himself is 
rightly taught�察�and we are shown in what manner all we Christians 
are kings and priests�察�and how we are lords of all things�察�and 
may be confident that whatever we do in the presence of God is 
pleasing and acceptable to Him。

Whose heart would not rejoice in its inmost core at hearing these 
things�拭�Whose heart�察�on receiving so great a consolation�察�would 
not become sweet with the love of Christ�察�a love to which it can 
never attain by any laws or works�拭�Who can injure such a heart�察�
or make it afraid�拭�If the consciousness of sin or the horror of 
death rush in upon it�察�it is prepared to hope in the Lord�察�and is 
fearless of such evils�察�and undisturbed�察�until it shall look down 
upon its enemies。 For it believes that the righteousness of 
Christ is its own�察�and that its sin is no longer its own�察�but 
that of Christ�察�but�察�on account of its faith in Christ�察�all its 
sin must needs be swallowed up from before the face of the 
righteousness of Christ�察�as I have said above。 It learns�察�too�察�
with the Apostle�察�to scoff at death and sin�察�and to say�察 �O 
death�察�where is thy sting�拭�O grave�察�where is thy victory�拭�The 
sting of death is sin�察�and the strength of sin is the law。 But 
thanks be to God�察�which giveth us the victory through our Lord 
Jesus Christ; ��1 Cor。 xv。 55´57��。 For death is swallowed up in 
victory�察�not only the victory of Christ�察�but ours also�察�since by 
faith it becomes ours�察�and in it we too conquer。

Let it suffice to say this concerning the inner man and its 
liberty�察�and concerning that righteousness of faith which needs 
neither laws nor good works�察�nay�察�they are even hurtful to it�察�if 
any one pretends to be justified by them。

And now let us turn to the other part�此�to the outward man。 Here 
we shall give an answer to all those who�察�taking offence at the 
word of faith and at what I have asserted�察�say�察 �If faith does 
everything�察�and by itself suffices for justification�察�why then 
are good works commanded�拭�Are we then to take our ease and do no 
works�察�content with faith�拭─�Not so�察�impious men�察�I reply�察�not so。 
That would indeed really be the case�察�if we were thoroughly and 
completely inner and spiritual persons�察�but that will not happen 
until the last day�察�when the dead shall be raised。 As long as we 
live in the flesh�察�we are but beginning and making advances in 
that which shall be completed in a future life。 On this account 
the Apostle calls that which we have in this life the firstfruits 
of the Spirit ��Rom。 viii。 23��。 In future we shall have the 
tenths�察�and the fullness of the Spirit。 To this part belongs the 
fact I have stated before�此�that the Christian is the servant of 
all and subject to all。 For in that part in which he is free he 
does no works�察�but in that in which he is a servant he does all 
works。 Let us see on what principle this is so。

Although�察�as I have said�察�inwardly�察�and according to the spirit�察�
a man is amply enough justified by faith�察�having all that he 
requires to have�察�except that this very faith and abundance ought 
to increase from day to day�察�even till the future life�察�still he 
remains in this mortal life upon earth�察�in which it is necessary 
that he should rule his own body and have intercourse with men。 
Here then works begin�察�here he must not take his ease�察�here he 
must give heed to exercise his body by fastings�察�watchings�察�
labour�察�and other regular discipline�察�so that it may be subdued 
to the spirit�察�and obey and conform itself to the inner man and 
faith�察�and not rebel against them nor hinder them�察�as is its 
nature to do if it is not kept under。 For the inner man�察�being 
conformed to God and created after the image of God through 
faith�察�rejoices and delights itself in Christ�察�in whom such 
blessings have been conferred on it�察�and hence has only this task 
before it�此�to serve God with joy and for nought in free love。

But in doing this he comes into collision with that contrary will 
in his own flesh�察�which is striving to serve the world and to 
seek its own gratification。 This the spirit of faith cannot and 
will not bear�察�but applies itself with cheerfulness and zeal to 
keep it down and restrain it�察�as Paul says�察 �I delight in the law 
of God after the inward man�察�but I see another law in my members�察�
warring against the law of my mind and bringing me into captivity 
to the law of sin; ��Rom。 vii。 22�察�23���察�and again�察 �I keep under 
my body�察�and bring it unto subjection�察�lest that by any means�察�
when I have preached to others�察�I myself should be a castaway; ��1 
Cor。 ix。 27���察�and ;They that are Christ's have crucified the 
flesh�察�with the affections and lusts; ��Gal。 v。 24��。

These works�察�however�察�must not be done with any notion that by 
them a man can be justified before God�for faith�察�which alone is 
righteousness before God�察�will not bear with this false 
notionbut solely with this purpose�此�that the body may be 
brought into subjection�察�and be purified from its evil lusts�察�so 
that our eyes may be turned only to purging away those lusts。 For 
when the soul has been cleansed by faith and made to love God�察�it 
would have all things to be cleansed in like manner�察�and 
especially its own body�察�so that all things might unite with it 
in the love and praise of God。 Thus it comes that�察�from the 
requirements of his own body�察�a man cannot take his ease�察�but is 
compelled on its account to do many good works�察�that he may bring 
it into subjection。 Yet these works are not the means of his 
justification before God�察�he does them out of disinterested love 
to the service of God�察�looking to no other end than to do what is 
well´pleasing to Him whom he desires to obey most dutifully in 
all things。

On this principle every man may easily instruct himself in what 
measure�察�and with what distinctions�察�he ought to chasten his own 
body。 He will fast�察�watch�察�and labour�察�just as much as he sees to 
suffice for keeping down the wantonness and concupiscence of the 
body。 But those who pretend to be justified by works are looking�察�
not to the mortification of their lusts�察�but only to the works 
themselves�察�thinking that�察�if they can accomplish as many works 
and as great ones as possible�察�all is well with them�察�and they 
are justified。 Sometimes they even injure their brain�察�and 
extinguish nature�察�or at least make it useless。 This is enormous 
folly�察�and ignorance of Christian life and faith�察�when a man 
seeks�察�without faith�察�to be justified and saved by works。

To make what we have said more easily understood�察�let us set it 
forth under a figure。 The works of a Christian man�察�who is 
justifie
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