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art。



Behind joy and laughter there may be a temperament�察�coarse�察�hard 

and callous。  But behind sorrow there is always sorrow。  Pain�察�

unlike pleasure�察�wears no mask。  Truth in art is not any 

correspondence between the essential idea and the accidental 

existence�察�it is not the resemblance of shape to shadow�察�or of the 

form mirrored in the crystal to the form itself�察�it is no echo 

coming from a hollow hill�察�any more than it is a silver well of 

water in the valley that shows the moon to the moon and Narcissus 

to Narcissus。  Truth in art is the unity of a thing with itself�此 �

the outward rendered expressive of the inward�此 �the soul made 

incarnate�此 �the body instinct with spirit。  For this reason there 

is no truth comparable to sorrow。  There are times when sorrow 

seems to me to be the only truth。  Other things may be illusions of 

the eye or the appetite�察�made to blind the one and cloy the other�察�

but out of sorrow have the worlds been built�察�and at the birth of a 

child or a star there is pain。



More than this�察�there is about sorrow an intense�察�an extraordinary 

reality。  I have said of myself that I was one who stood in 

symbolic relations to the art and culture of my age。  There is not 

a single wretched man in this wretched place along with me who does 

not stand in symbolic relation to the very secret of life。  For the 

secret of life is suffering。  It is what is hidden behind 

everything。  When we begin to live�察�what is sweet is so sweet to 

us�察�and what is bitter so bitter�察�that we inevitably direct all our 

desires towards pleasures�察�and seek not merely for a 'month or 

twain to feed on honeycomb��' but for all our years to taste no 

other food�察�ignorant all the while that we may really be starving 

the soul。



I remember talking once on this subject to one of the most 

beautiful personalities I have ever known�此 �a woman�察�whose sympathy 

and noble kindness to me�察�both before and since the tragedy of my 

imprisonment�察�have been beyond power and description�察�one who has 

really assisted me�察�though she does not know it�察�to bear the burden 

of my troubles more than any one else in the whole world has�察�and 

all through the mere fact of her existence�察�through her being what 

she is ´ partly an ideal and partly an influence�此 �a suggestion of 

what one might become as well as a real help towards becoming it�察�a 

soul that renders the common air sweet�察�and makes what is spiritual 

seem as simple and natural as sunlight or the sea�此 �one for whom 

beauty and sorrow walk hand in hand�察�and have the same message。  On 

the occasion of which I am thinking I recall distinctly how I said 

to her that there was enough suffering in one narrow London lane to 

show that God did not love man�察�and that wherever there was any 

sorrow�察�though but that of a child�察�in some little garden weeping 

over a fault that it had or had not committed�察�the whole face of 

creation was completely marred。  I was entirely wrong。  She told me 

so�察�but I could not believe her。  I was not in the sphere in which 

such belief was to be attained to。  Now it seems to me that love of 

some kind is the only possible explanation of the extraordinary 

amount of suffering that there is in the world。  I cannot conceive 

of any other explanation。  I am convinced that there is no other�察�

and that if the world has indeed�察�as I have said�察�been built of 

sorrow�察�it has been built by the hands of love�察�because in no other 

way could the soul of man�察�for whom the world was made�察�reach the 

full stature of its perfection。  Pleasure for the beautiful body�察�

but pain for the beautiful soul。



When I say that I am convinced of these things I speak with too 

much pride。  Far off�察�like a perfect pearl�察�one can see the city of 

God。  It is so wonderful that it seems as if a child could reach it 

in a summer's day。  And so a child could。  But with me and such as 

me it is different。  One can realise a thing in a single moment�察�

but one loses it in the long hours that follow with leaden feet。  

It is so difficult to keep 'heights that the soul is competent to 

gain。'  We think in eternity�察�but we move slowly through time�察�and 

how slowly time goes with us who lie in prison I need not tell 

again�察�nor of the weariness and despair that creep back into one's 

cell�察�and into the cell of one's heart�察�with such strange 

insistence that one has�察�as it were�察�to garnish and sweep one's 

house for their coming�察�as for an unwelcome guest�察�or a bitter 

master�察�or a slave whose slave it is one's chance or choice to be。



And�察�though at present my friends may find it a hard thing to 

believe�察�it is true none the less�察�that for them living in freedom 

and idleness and comfort it is more easy to learn the lessons of 

humility than it is for me�察�who begin the day by going down on my 

knees and washing the floor of my cell。  For prison life with its 

endless privations and restrictions makes one rebellious。  The most 

terrible thing about it is not that it breaks one's heart ´ hearts 

are made to be broken ´ but that it turns one's heart to stone。  

One sometimes feels that it is only with a front of brass and a lip 

of scorn that one can get through the day at all。  And he who is in 

a state of rebellion cannot receive grace�察�to use the phrase of 

which the Church is so fond ´ so rightly fond�察�I dare say ´ for in 

life as in art the mood of rebellion closes up the channels of the 

soul�察�and shuts out the airs of heaven。  Yet I must learn these 

lessons here�察�if I am to learn them anywhere�察�and must be filled 

with joy if my feet are on the right road and my face set towards 

'the gate which is called beautiful��' though I may fall many times 

in the mire and often in the mist go astray。



This New Life�察�as through my love of Dante I like sometimes to call 

it�察�is of course no new life at all�察�but simply the continuance�察�by 

means of development�察�and evolution�察�of my former life。  I remember 

when I was at Oxford saying to one of my friends as we were 

strolling round Magdalen's narrow bird´haunted walks one morning in 

the year before I took my degree�察�that I wanted to eat of the fruit 

of all the trees in the garden of the world�察�and that I was going 

out into the world with that passion in my soul。  And so�察�indeed�察�I 

went out�察�and so I lived。  My only mistake was that I confined 

myself so exclusively to the trees of what seemed to me the sun´lit 

side of the garden�察�and shunned the other side for its shadow and 

its gloom。  Failure�察�disgrace�察�poverty�察�sorrow�察�despair�察�suffering�察�

tears even�察�the broken words that come from lips in pain�察�remorse 

that makes one walk on thorns�察�conscience that condemns�察�self´

abasement that punishes�察�the misery that puts ashes on its head�察�

the anguish that chooses sack´cloth for its raiment and into its 

own drink puts gall�此� all these were things of which I was afraid。  

And as I had determined to know nothing of them�察�I was forced to 

taste each of them in turn�察�to feed on them�察�to have for a season�察�

indeed�察�no other food at all。



I don't regret for a single moment having lived for pleasure。  I 

did it to the full�察�as one should do everything that one does。  

There was no pleasure I did not experience。  I threw the pearl of 

my soul into a cup of wine。  I went down the primrose path to the 

sound of flutes。  I lived on honeycomb。  But to have continued the 

same life would have been wrong because it would have been 

limiting。  I had to pass on。  The other half of the garden had its 

secrets for me also。  Of course all this is foreshadowed and 

prefigured in my books。  Some of it is in THE HAPPY PRINCE�察�some of 

it in THE YOUNG KING�察�notably in the passage where the bishop says 

to the kneeling boy�察�'Is not He who made misery wiser than thou 

art'�拭�a phrase which when I wrote it seemed to me little more than 

a phrase�察�a great deal of it is hidden away in the note of doom 

that like a purple thread runs through the texture of DORIAN GRAY�察�

in THE CRITIC AS ARTIST it is set forth in many colours�察�in THE 

SOUL OF MAN it is written down�察�and in letters too easy to read�察�it 

is one of the refrains whose recurring MOTIFS make SALOME so like a 

piece of music and bind it together as a ballad�察�in the prose poem 

of the man who from the bronze of the image of the 'Pleasure that 

liveth for a moment' has to make the image of the 'Sorrow that 

abideth for ever' it is incarnate。  It could not have been 

otherwise。  At every single moment of one's life one is what one is 

going to be no less than what one has been。  Art is a symbol�察�

because man is a symbol。



It is�察�if I can fully attain to it�察�the ultimate realisation of the 

artistic life。  For the artistic life is simply self´development。  

Humility in the artist is his frank acceptance of all experiences�察�

just as love in the artist is simply the sense of beauty that 

reveals to the world its body and its soul。  In MARIUS THE 

EPICUREAN Pater seeks to reconcile the artistic life with the life 

of religion�察�in the deep�察�sweet�察�and austere sense of the word。  

But Marius is little more than a spectator�此 �an ideal spectator 

indeed�察�and one to whom it is given 'to contemplate the spectacle 

of life with appropriate emotions��' which Wordsworth defines as the 

poet's true aim�察�yet a spectator merely�察�and perhaps a little too 

much occupied with the comeliness of the benches of the sanctuary 

to notice that it is the sanctuary of sorrow that he is gazing at。



I see a far more intimate and immediate connection between the true 

life of Christ and the true life of the artist�察�and I take a keen 

pleasure in the reflection that long before sorrow had made my days 

her own and bound me to her wheel I had written in THE SOUL OF MAN 

that he who would lead a Christ´like life must be entirely and 

absolutely himself�察�and had taken as my types not merely the 

shepherd on the hills
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