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die。  'Nothing is more rare in any man��' says Emerson�察�'than an act 

of his own。'  It is quite true。  Most people are other people。  

Their thoughts are some one else's opinions�察�their lives a mimicry�察�

their passions a quotation。  Christ was not merely the supreme 

individualist�察�but he was the first individualist in history。  

People have tried to make him out an ordinary philanthropist�察�or 

ranked him as an altruist with the scientific and sentimental。  But 

he was really neither one nor the other。  Pity he has�察�of course�察�

for the poor�察�for those who are shut up in prisons�察�for the lowly�察�

for the wretched�察�but he has far more pity for the rich�察�for the 

hard hedonists�察�for those who waste their freedom in becoming 

slaves to things�察�for those who wear soft raiment and live in 

kings' houses。  Riches and pleasure seemed to him to be really 

greater tragedies than poverty or sorrow。  And as for altruism�察�who 

knew better than he that it is vocation not volition that 

determines us�察�and that one cannot gather grapes of thorns or figs 

from thistles��



To live for others as a definite self´conscious aim was not his 

creed。  It was not the basis of his creed。  When he says�察�'Forgive 

your enemies��' it is not for the sake of the enemy�察�but for one's 

own sake that he says so�察�and because love is more beautiful than 

hate。  In his own entreaty to the young man�察�'Sell all that thou 

hast and give to the poor��' it is not of the state of the poor that 

he is thinking but of the soul of the young man�察�the soul that 

wealth was marring。  In his view of life he is one with the artist 

who knows that by the inevitable law of self´perfection�察�the poet 

must sing�察�and the sculptor think in bronze�察�and the painter make 

the world a mirror for his moods�察�as surely and as certainly as the 

hawthorn must blossom in spring�察�and the corn turn to gold at 

harvest´time�察�and the moon in her ordered wanderings change from 

shield to sickle�察�and from sickle to shield。



But while Christ did not say to men�察�'Live for others��' he pointed 

out that there was no difference at all between the lives of others 

and one's own life。  By this means he gave to man an extended�察�a 

Titan personality。  Since his coming the history of each separate 

individual is�察�or can be made�察�the history of the world。  Of 

course�察�culture has intensified the personality of man。  Art has 

made us myriad´minded。  Those who have the artistic temperament go 

into exile with Dante and learn how salt is the bread of others�察�

and how steep their stairs�察�they catch for a moment the serenity 

and calm of Goethe�察�and yet know but too well that Baudelaire cried 

to God ´





'O Seigneur�察�donnez moi la force et le courage

De contempler mon corps et mon coeur sans degout。'





Out of Shakespeare's sonnets they draw�察�to their own hurt it may 

be�察�the secret of his love and make it their own�察�they look with 

new eyes on modern life�察�because they have listened to one of 

Chopin's nocturnes�察�or handled Greek things�察�or read the story of 

the passion of some dead man for some dead woman whose hair was 

like threads of fine gold�察�and whose mouth was as a pomegranate。  

But the sympathy of the artistic temperament is necessarily with 

what has found expression。  In words or in colours�察�in music or in 

marble�察�behind the painted masks of an AEschylean play�察�or through 

some Sicilian shepherds' pierced and jointed reeds�察�the man and his 

message must have been revealed。



To the artist�察�expression is the only mode under which he can 

conceive life at all。  To him what is dumb is dead。  But to Christ 

it was not so。  With a width and wonder of imagination that fills 

one almost with awe�察�he took the entire world of the inarticulate�察�

the voiceless world of pain�察�as his kingdom�察�and made of himself 

its eternal mouthpiece。  Those of whom I have spoken�察�who are dumb 

under oppression�察�and 'whose silence is heard only of God��' he 

chose as his brothers。  He sought to become eyes to the blind�察�ears 

to the deaf�察�and a cry in the lips of those whose tongues had been 

tied。  His desire was to be to the myriads who had found no 

utterance a very trumpet through which they might call to heaven。  

And feeling�察�with the artistic nature of one to whom suffering and 

sorrow were modes through which he could realise his conception of 

the beautiful�察�that an idea is of no value till it becomes 

incarnate and is made an image�察�he made of himself the image of the 

Man of Sorrows�察�and as such has fascinated and dominated art as no 

Greek god ever succeeded in doing。



For the Greek gods�察�in spite of the white and red of their fair 

fleet limbs�察�were not really what they appeared to be。  The curved 

brow of Apollo was like the sun's disc crescent over a hill at 

dawn�察�and his feet were as the wings of the morning�察�but he himself 

had been cruel to Marsyas and had made Niobe childless。  In the 

steel shields of Athena's eyes there had been no pity for Arachne�察�

the pomp and peacocks of Hera were all that was really noble about 

her�察�and the Father of the Gods himself had been too fond of the 

daughters of men。  The two most deeply suggestive figures of Greek 

Mythology were�察�for religion�察�Demeter�察�an Earth Goddess�察�not one of 

the Olympians�察�and for art�察�Dionysus�察�the son of a mortal woman to 

whom the moment of his birth had proved also the moment of her 

death。



But Life itself from its lowliest and most humble sphere produced 

one far more marvellous than the mother of Proserpina or the son of 

Semele。  Out of the Carpenter's shop at Nazareth had come a 

personality infinitely greater than any made by myth and legend�察�

and one�察�strangely enough�察�destined to reveal to the world the 

mystical meaning of wine and the real beauties of the lilies of the 

field as none�察�either on Cithaeron or at Enna�察�had ever done。



The song of Isaiah�察�'He is despised and rejected of men�察�a man of 

sorrows and acquainted with grief�此 �and we hid as it were our faces 

from him��' had seemed to him to prefigure himself�察�and in him the 

prophecy was fulfilled。  We must not be afraid of such a phrase。  

Every single work of art is the fulfilment of a prophecy�此 �for 

every work of art is the conversion of an idea into an image。  

Every single human being should be the fulfilment of a prophecy�此 �

for every human being should be the realisation of some ideal�察�

either in the mind of God or in the mind of man。  Christ found the 

type and fixed it�察�and the dream of a Virgilian poet�察�either at 

Jerusalem or at Babylon�察�became in the long progress of the 

centuries incarnate in him for whom the world was waiting。



To me one of the things in history the most to be regretted is that 

the Christ's own renaissance�察�which has produced the Cathedral at 

Chartres�察�the Arthurian cycle of legends�察�the life of St。 Francis 

of Assisi�察�the art of Giotto�察�and Dante's DIVINE COMEDY�察�was not 

allowed to develop on its own lines�察�but was interrupted and 

spoiled by the dreary classical Renaissance that gave us Petrarch�察�

and Raphael's frescoes�察�and Palladian architecture�察�and formal 

French tragedy�察�and St。 Paul's Cathedral�察�and Pope's poetry�察�and 

everything that is made from without and by dead rules�察�and does 

not spring from within through some spirit informing it。  But 

wherever there is a romantic movement in art there somehow�察�and 

under some form�察�is Christ�察�or the soul of Christ。  He is in ROMEO 

AND JULIET�察�in the WINTER'S TALE�察�in Provencal poetry�察�in the 

ANCIENT MARINER�察�in LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI�察�and in Chatterton's 

BALLAD OF CHARITY。



We owe to him the most diverse things and people。  Hugo's LES 

MISERABLES�察�Baudelaire's FLEURS DU MAL�察�the note of pity in Russian 

novels�察�Verlaine and Verlaine's poems�察�the stained glass and 

tapestries and the quattro´cento work of Burne´Jones and Morris�察�

belong to him no less than the tower of Giotto�察�Lancelot and 

Guinevere�察�Tannhauser�察�the troubled romantic marbles of Michael 

Angelo�察�pointed architecture�察�and the love of children and flowers 

´ for both of which�察�indeed�察�in classical art there was but little 

place�察�hardly enough for them to grow or play in�察�but which�察�from 

the twelfth century down to our own day�察�have been continually 

making their appearances in art�察�under various modes and at various 

times�察�coming fitfully and wilfully�察�as children�察�as flowers�察�are 

apt to do�此 �spring always seeming to one as if the flowers had been 

in hiding�察�and only came out into the sun because they were afraid 

that grown up people would grow tired of looking for them and give 

up the search�察�and the life of a child being no more than an April 

day on which there is both rain and sun for the narcissus。



It is the imaginative quality of Christ's own nature that makes him 

this palpitating centre of romance。  The strange figures of poetic 

drama and ballad are made by the imagination of others�察�but out of 

his own imagination entirely did Jesus of Nazareth create himself。  

The cry of Isaiah had really no more to do with his coming than the 

song of the nightingale has to do with the rising of the moon ´ no 

more�察�though perhaps no less。  He was the denial as well as the 

affirmation of prophecy。  For every expectation that he fulfilled 

there was another that he destroyed。  'In all beauty��' says Bacon�察�

'there is some strangeness of proportion��' and of those who are 

born of the spirit ´ of those�察�that is to say�察�who like himself are 

dynamic forces ´ Christ says that they are like the wind that 

'bloweth where it listeth�察�and no man can tell whence it cometh and 

whither it goeth。'  That is why he is so fascinating to artists。  

He has all the colour elements of life�此 �mystery�察�strangeness�察�

pathos�察�suggestion�察�ecstasy�察�love。  He appeals to the temper of 

wonder�察�and creates that mood in which alone he can be understood。



And to me it is a joy t
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