memoirs of napoleon bonaparte, v11-第4部分

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　　　　　character　Austria　ceded　some　Bohemian　enclaves　in　Saxony　end；　in　his
　　　　　capacity　of　Grand　Duke　of　Warsaw；　she　added　to　his　Polish　dominions
　　　　　the　ancient　city　of　Cracow；　and　all　Western　Galicia。

　　　　　4。　　Russia；　who　had　entered　with　but　a　lukewarm　zeal　into　the　war　as
　　　　　an　ally　of　France；　had　a　very　moderate　share　of　the　spoils　of
　　　　　Austria。　　A　portion　of　Eastern　Galicia；　with　a　population　of　400；000
　　　　　souls；　was　allotted　to　her；　but　in　this　allotment　the　trading　town
　　　　　of　Brody　（almost　the　only　thing　worth　having）　was　specially
　　　　　excepted。　　This　last　circumstance　gave　no　small　degree　of　disgust　to
　　　　　the　Emperor　Alexander；　whose　admiration　of　Napoleon　was　not　destined
　　　　　to　have　a　long　duration；　Editor　of　1836　edition。




CHAPTER　XXI。

1809。

　　　　　The　Princess　Royal　of　DenmarkDestruction　of　the　German　Empire
　　　　　Napoleons　visit　to　the　Courts　of　Bavaria　and　WurtembergHis　return
　　　　　to　FranceFirst　mention　of　the　divorceIntelligence　of　Napoleon's
　　　　　marriage　with　Maria　LouisaNapoleon's　quarrel　with　LouisJourney
　　　　　of　the　Emperor　and　Empress　into　HollandRefusal　of　the　Hanse　Towns
　　　　　to　pay　the　French　troopsDecree　for　burning　English　merchandise
　　　　　M。　de　VergennesPlan　for　turning　an　inevitable　evil　to　the　best
　　　　　accountFall　on　the　exchange　of　St　Petersburg

About　this　time　I　had　the　pleasure　of　again　seeing　the　son　of　the
reigning　Duke　of　Mecklenburg…Schwerin；　whose　arrival　in　the　Hanse　Towns
was　speedily　followed　by　that　of　his　sister；　Princess　Frederica　Charlotte
of　Mecklenburg；　married　to　the　Prince　Royal　of　Denmark；　Christian
Frederick。　　In　November　the　Princess　arrived　at　Altana　from　Copenhagen；
the　reports　circulated　respecting　her　having　compelled　her　husband　to
separate　from　her。　　The　history　of　this　Princess；　who；　though　perhaps
blamable；　was　nevertheless　much　pitied；　was　the　general　subject　of
conversation　in　the　north　of　Germany　at　the　time　I　was　at　Hamburg。　　The
King　of　Denmark；　grieved　at　the　publicity　of　the　separation；　wrote　a
letter　on　the　subject　to　the　Duke　of　Mecklenburg。　　In　this　letter；　which
I　had　an　opportunity　of　seeing；　the　King　expressed　his　regret　at　not
having　been　able　to　prevent　the　scandal；　for；　on　his　return　from　a
journey　to　Kiel；　the　affair　had　become　so　notorious　that　all　attempts　at
reconciliation　were　vain。　　In　the　meantime　it　was　settled　that　the
Princess　was　to　remain　at　Altona　until　something　should　be　decided
respecting　her　future　condition。

It　was　Baron　Plessen；　the　Duke　of　Mecklenburg's　Minister　of　State；　who
favoured　me　with　a　sight　of　the　King　of　Denmark's　letters。　　M。　Plessen
told　me；　likewise；　at　the　time　that　the　Duke　had　formed　the　irrevocable
determination　of　not　receiving　his　daughter。　　A　few　days　after　her
arrival　the　Princess　visited　Madame　de　Bourrienne。　　She　invited　us　to　her
parties；　which　were　very　brilliant；　and　several　times　did　us　the　honour
of　being　present　at　ours。　　But；　unfortunately；　the　extravagance　of　her
conduct；　which　was　very　unsuitable　to　her　situation；　soon　became　the
subject　of　general　animadversion。

I　mentioned　at　the　close　of　the　last　chapter　how　the　promptitude　of　M。　de
Champagny　brought　about　the　conclusion　of　the　treaty　known　by　the　name　of
the　Treaty　of　Schoenbrunn。　　Under　this　the　ancient　edifice　of　the　German
Empire　was　overthrown；　　and　Francis　II。　of　Germany　became　Francis　I。；
Emperor　of　Austria。　　He；　however；　could　not　say；　like　his　namesake　of
France；　'Tout　est　perdu　fors　l'honneur'；　for　honour　was　somewhat
committed；　even　had　nothing　else　been　lost。　　But　the　sacrifices　Austria
was　compelled；　to　make　were　great。　　The　territories　ceded　to　France　were
immediately　united　into　a　new　general　government；　under　the　collective
denomination　of　the　Illyrian　Provinces。　　Napoleon　thus　became　master　of
both　sides　of　the　Adriatic；　by　virtue　of　his　twofold　title　of　Emperor　of
France　and　King　of　Italy。　　Austria；　whose　external　commerce　thus　received
a　check；　had　no　longer　any　direct　communication　with　the　sea。　　The　loss
of　Fiume；　Trieste；　and　the　sea…coast　appeared　so　vast　a　sacrifice　that　it
was　impossible　to　look　forward　to　the　duration　of　a　peace　so　dearly
purchased。

The　affair　of　Staps；　perhaps；　made　Napoleon　anxious　to　hurry　away　from
Schoenbrunn；　for　he　set　off　before　he　had　ratified　the　preliminaries　of
the　peace；　announcing　that　he　would　ratify　them　at　Munich。　　He　proceeded
in　great　haste　to　Nymphenburg；　where　he　was　expected　on　a　visit　to　the
Court　of　Bavaria。　　He　next　visited　the　King　of　Wurtemberg；　whom　he
pronounced　to　be　the　cleverest　sovereign　in　Europe；　and　at　the　end　of
October　he　arrived　at　Fontainebleau。　　From　thence　he　proceeded　on
horseback　to　Paris；　and　he　rode　so　rapidly　that　only　a　single　chasseur　of
his　escort　could　keep　up　with　him；　and；　attended　by　this　one　guard；　he
entered　the　court　of　the　Tuileries。　　While　Napoleon　was　at　Fontainebleau；
before　his　return　to　Paris；　Josephine　for　the　first　time　heard　the
divorce　mentioned；　the　idea　had　occurred　to　the　Emperor's　mind　while　he
was　at　Schoenbrunn。　　It　was　also　while　at　Fontainebleau　that　Napoleon
appointed　M。　de　Montalivet　to　be　Minister　of　the　Interior。　　The　letters
which　we　received　from　Paris　at　this　period　brought　intelligence　of　the
brilliant　state　of　the　capital　during　the　winter　of　1809；　and　especially
of　the　splendour　of　the　Imperial　Court；　where　the　Emperor's　levees　were
attended　by　the　Kings　of　Saxony；　Bavaria；　and　Wurtemberg；　all　eager　to
evince　their　gratitude　to　the　hero　who　had　raised　them　to　the　sovereign
rank。

I　was　the　first　person　in　Hamburg　who　received　intelligence　of　Napoleon's
projected　marriage　with　the　Archduchess　Maria　Louisa。　　The　news　was
brought　to　me　from　Vienna　by　two　estafettes。　　It　is　impossible　to
describe　the　effect　produced　by　the　anticipation　of　this　event　throughout
the　north　of　Germany。

　　　　　＇〃Napoleon　often　reflected　on　the　best　mode　of　making　this
　　　　　communication　to　the　Empress；　still　he　was　reluctant　to　speak　to
　　　　　her。　　He　was　apprehensive　of　the　consequences　of　her　susceptibility
　　　　　of　feeling；　his　heart　was　never　proof　against　the　shedding　of　tears。
　　　　　Ho　thought；　however；　that　a　favourable　opportunity　offered　for
　　　　　breaking　the　subject　previously　to　his　quitting　Fontainebleau。　　He
　　　　　hinted　at　it　in　a　few　words　which　be　had　addressed　to　the　Empress；
　　　　　but　he　did　not　explain　himself　until　the　arrival　of　the　viceroy；
　　　　　whom　he　had　ordered　to　join　him。　　He　was　the　first　person　who　spoke
　　　　　openly　to　his　mother　and　obtained　her　consent　for　that　bitter
　　　　　sacrifice。　　He　acted　on　the　occasion　like　a　kind　son　and　a　man
　　　　　grateful　to　his　benefactor　and　devoted　to　his　service；　by　sparing
　　　　　him　the　necessity　of　unpleasant　explanations　towards　a　partner　whose
　　　　　removal　was　a　sacrifice　as　painful　to　him　as　it　was　affecting：　The
　　　　　Emperor；　having　arranged　whatever　related　to　the　future　condition　of
　　　　　the　Empress；　upon　whom　he　made　a　liberal　settlement；　urged　the
　　　　　moment　of　the　dissolution　of　the　marriage；　no　doubt　because　he　felt
　　　　　grieved　at　the　condition　of　the　Empress　herself；　who　dined　every　day
　　　　　and　passed　her　evenings　in　the　presence　of　persons　who　were
　　　　　witnessing　her　descent　from　the　throne。　　There　existed　between　him
　　　　　and　the　Empress　Josephine　no　other　bond　than　a　civil　act；　according
　　　　　to　the　custom　which　prevailed　at　the　time　of　this　marriage。　　Now　the
　　　　　law　had　foreseen　the　dissolution　of　such　marriage　oontracts。　　A
　　　　　particular　day　having　therefore　been　fixed　upon；　the　Emperor　brought
　　　　　together　into　his　apartments　those　persons　whose　ministry　was
　　　　　required　in　this　case；　amongst　others；　the　Arch…Chancellor　and　M。
　　　　　Regnault　de　St。　Jean　d'Angely。　　The　Emperor　then　declared　in　a　loud
　　　　　voice　his　intention　of　annulling　the　marriage　he　had　contracted　with
　　　　　Josephine；　who　was　present；　the　Empress　also　made　the　same
　　　　　declaration；　which　was　interrupted　by　her　repeated　sobs。　　The　Prince
　　　　　Arch…Chancellor　having　caused　the　article　of　the　law　to　be　read；　he
　　　　　applied　it　to　the　cam　before　him；　and　declared　the　marriage　to　be
　　　　　dissolved　〃　（Memoirs　of　ad　Due　de　Rovigo）。＇

From　all　parts　the　merchants　received　orders　to　buy　Austrian　stock；　in
which　an　extraordinary　rise　immediately　took　place。　　Napoleon's　marriage
with　Maria　Louisa　was　hailed　with　enthusiastic　and　general　joy。　　The
event　was　regarded　as　the　guarantee　of　a　long　peace；　and　it　was　hoped
there　would　be　a　lasting　cessation　of　the　disasters　created　by　the
rivalry　of　France　and　Austria。　　The　correspondence　I　received　showed　that
these　sentiments　were　general　in　the　interior　of　France；　and　in　different
countries　of　Europe；　and；　in　spite　of　the　presentiments　I　had　always　had
of　the　return　of　the　Bourbons　to　France；　I　now　began　to　think　that　event
problematic；　or　at　least　very　remote。

About　the　beginning　of　the　year　1810　commenced　the　differences　between
Napoleon　and　his　brother　Louis；　which；　as　I　have　already　stated；　ended　in
a　complete　rupture。　　Napoleon's　object　was　to　make　himself　master　of　the
navigation　of　the　Scheldt　which　Louis　wished　should　remain　free；　and
hence　ensued　the　union　of　Holland　with　the　French　Empire。　　Holland　was
the　first　province　of　the　Grand　Empire　which　Napoleon　took　the　new
Empress　to　visit。　　This　visit　took　place　almost　immediately　after　the
marriage。　　Napoleon　first　proceeded　to　Compiegne；　where　he　remained　a
week。　　He　next　set　out　for　St。　Quentin；　and　inspected　the　canal。　　The
Empress　Maria　Louisa　then　joined　him；　and　they　both　proceeded　to　Belgium。
At　Antwerp　the　Emperor　inspected　all　the　works　which　he　had　ordered；　and
to　the　execution　of　which　he　attached　great　importance。　　He　returned　by
way　of　Ostend；　Lille；　and　Normandy　to　St。　Cloud；　where　he　arrived　on　the
1st　of　June　1810。　　He　there　learned　from　my　correspondence　that　the　Hanse
Towns…refused　to　advance　money　for　the　pay　of　the　French　troops。　　The　men
were　absolutely　destitute。　　I　declared　that　it　was　urgent　to　put　an　end
to　this　state　of　things。　　The　Hanse　towns　had　been　reduced　from　opulence
to　misery　by　taxation　and　exactions；　and　were　no　longer　able　to　provide
the　funds。

During　this　year　Napoleon；　in　a　fit　of　madness；　i