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BOOK II�此�OF THE RELIGIONS OF THE UTOPIANS
THERE are several sorts of religions�察�not only in different parts
of the island�察�but even in every town�察�some worshipping the sun�察�
others the moon or one of the planets�此�some worship such men as
have been eminent in former times for virtue or glory�察�not only as
ordinary deities�察�but as the supreme God�此�yet the greater and
wiser sort of them worship none of these�察�but adore one eternal�察�
invisible�察�infinite�察�and incomprehensible Deity�察�as a being that
is far above all our apprehensions�察�that is spread over the whole
universe�察�not by His bulk�察�but by His power and virtue�察�Him they
call the Father of All�察�and acknowledge that the beginnings�察�the
increase�察�the progress�察�the vicissitudes�察�and the end of all
things come only from Him�察�nor do they offer divine honors to any
but to Him alone。 And indeed�察�though they differ concerning other
things�察�yet all agree in this�察�that they think there is one
Supreme Being that made and governs the world�察�whom they call in
the language of their country Mithras。 They differ in this�察�that
one thinks the god whom he worships is this Supreme Being�察�and
another thinks that his idol is that God�察�but they all agree in
one principle�察�that whoever is this Supreme Being�察�He is also that
great Essence to whose glory and majesty all honors are ascribed
by the consent of all nations。
By degrees�察�they fall off from the various superstitions that are
among them�察�and grow up to that one religion that is the best and
most in request�察�and there is no doubt to be made but that all the
others had vanished long ago�察�if some of those who advised them to
lay aside their superstitions had not met with some unhappy
accident�察�which being considered as inflicted by heaven�察�made them
afraid that the God whose worship had like to have been abandoned�察�
had interposed�察�and revenged themselves on those who despised
their authority。 After they had heard from us an account of the
doctrine�察�the course of life�察�and the miracles of Christ�察�and of
the wonderful constancy of so many martyrs�察�whose blood�察�so
willingly offered up by them�察�was the chief occasion of spreading
their religion over a vast number of nations�察�it is not to be
imagined how inclined they were to receive it。 I shall not
determine whether this proceeded from any secret inspiration of
God�察�or whether it was because t seemed so favorable to that
community of goods�察�which is an opinion so particular as well as
so dear to them�察�since they perceived that Christ and his
followers lived by that rule and that it was still kept up in some
communities among the sincerest sort of Christians。 From
whichsoever of these motives it might be�察�true it is that many of
them came over to our religion�察�and were initiated into it by
baptism。 But as two of our number were dead�察�so none of the four
that survived were in priest's orders�察�we therefore could only
baptize them�察�so that to our great regret they could not partake
of the other sacraments�察�that can only be administered by priests�察�
but they are instructed concerning them�察�and long most vehemently
for them。 They have had great disputes among themselves�察�whether
one chosen by them to be a priest would not be thereby qualified
to do all the things that belong to that character�察�even though he
had no authority derived from the Pope�察�and they seemed to be
resolved to choose some for that employment�察�but they had not done
it when I left them。
Those among them that have not received our religion�察�do not
fright any from it�察�and use none ill that goes over to it�察�so that
all the while I was there�察�one man was only punished on this
occasion。 He being newly baptized�察�did�察�notwithstanding all that
we could say to the contrary�察�dispute publicly concerning the
Christian religion with more zeal than discretion�察�and with so
much heat�察�that he not only preferred our worship to theirs�察�but
condemned all their rites as profane�察�and cried out against all
that adhered to them�察�as impious and sacrilegious persons�察�that
were to be damned to everlasting burnings。 Upon his having
frequently preached in this manner�察�he was seized�察�and after trial
he was condemned to banishment�察�not for having disparaged their
religion�察�but for his inflaming the people to sedition�此�for this
is one of their most ancient laws�察�that no man ought to be
punished for his religion。 At the first constitution of their
government�察�Utopus having understood that before his coming among
them the old inhabitants had been engaged in great quarrels
concerning religion�察�by which they were so divided among
themselves�察�that he found it an easy thing to conquer them�察�since
instead of uniting their forces against him�察�every different party
in religion fought by themselves�察�after he had subdued them�察�he
made a law that every man might be of what religion he pleased�察�
and might endeavor to draw others to it by force of argument�察�and
by amicable and modest ways�察�but without bitterness against those
of other opinions�察�but that he ought to use no other force but
that of persuasion�察�and was neither to mix with it reproaches nor
violence�察�and such as did otherwise were to be condemned to
banishment or slavery。
This law was made by Utopus�察�not only for preserving the public
peace�察�which he saw suffered much by daily contentions and
irreconcilable heats�察�but because he thought the interest of
religion itself required it。 He judged it not fit to determine
anything rashly�察�and seemed to doubt whether those different forms
of religion might not all come from God�察�who might inspire men in
a different manner�察�and be pleased with this variety�察�he therefore
thought it indecent and foolish for any man to threaten and
terrify another to make him believe what did not appear to him to
be true。 And supposing that only one religion was really true�察�and
the rest false�察�he imagined that the native force of truth would
at last break forth and shine bright�察�if supported only by the
strength of argument�察�and attended to with a gentle and
unprejudiced mind�察�while�察�on the other hand�察�if such debates were
carried on with violence and tumults�察�as the most wicked are
always the most obstinate�察�so the best and most holy religion
might be choked with superstition�察�as corn is with briars and
thorns。
He therefore left men wholly to their liberty�察�that they might be
free to believe as they should see cause�察�only he made a solemn
and severe law against such as should so far degenerate from the
dignity of human nature as to think that our souls died with our
bodies�察�or that the world was governed by chance�察�without a wise
overruling Providence�此�for they all formerly believed that there
was a state of rewards and punishments to the good and bad after
this life�察�and they now look on those that think otherwise as
scarce fit to be counted men�察�since they degrade so noble a being
as the soul�察�and reckon it no better than a beast's�此�thus they are
far from looking on such men as fit for human society�察�or to be
citizens of a well´ordered commonwealth�察�since a man of such
principles must needs�察�as oft as he dares do it�察�despise all their
laws and customs�此�for there is no doubt to be made that a man who
is afraid of nothing but the law�察�and apprehends nothing after
death�察�will not scruple to break through all the laws of his
country�察�either by fraud or force�察�when by this means he may
satisfy his appetites。 They never raise any that hold these
maxims�察�either to honors or offices�察�nor employ them in any public
trust�察�but despise them�察�as men of base and sordid minds�此�yet they
do not punish them�察�because they lay this down as a maxim that a
man cannot make himself believe anything he pleases�察�nor do they
drive any to dissemble their thoughts by threatenings�察�so that men
are not tempted to lie or disguise their opinions�察�which being a
sort of fraud�察�is abhorred by the Utopians。 They take care indeed
to prevent their disputing in defence of these opinions�察�
especially before the common people�察�but they suffer�察�and even
encourage them to dispute concerning them in private with their
priests and other grave men�察�being confident that they will be
cured of those mad opinions by having reason laid before them。
There are many among them that run far to the other extreme�察�
though it is neither thought an ill nor unreasonable opinion�察�and
therefore is not at all discouraged。 They think that the souls of
beasts are immortal�察�though far inferior to the dignity of the
human soul�察�and not capable of so great a happiness。 They are
almost all of them very firmly persuaded that good men will be
infinitely happy in another state�察�so that though they are
compassionate t
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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