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theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及22何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



points which have most bearing on my subject in the following chapter。 

       End of Part 2。 



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     AUTHOR'S ENDNOTES TO THE 

         THEOLOGICO´POLITICAL 

TREATISE Part 2 ´ Chapters VI to X 



                                    CHAPTER VI。 

    Endnote 6。 ��1�� We doubt of the existence of God�察�and consequently of 

all else�察�so long as we have no clear and distinct idea of God�察�but only a 

confused one。 ��2�� For as he who knows not rightly the nature of a triangle�察�

knows not that its three angles are equal to two right angles�察�so he   who 

conceives the Divine nature confusedly�察�does not see that it pertains to the 

nature of God to exist。 ��3�� Now�察�to conceive the nature of God clearly and 

distinctly�察  �it   is   necessary   to   pay   attention   to   a   certain   number   of   very 

simple notions�察�called general notions�察�and by their help to associate the 

conceptions   which   we   form  of   the   attributes of the   Divine  nature。  ��4��   It 

then�察�for   the   first   time�察�becomes   clear   to   us�察�that   God   exists   necessarily�察�

that He is omnipresent�察�and that all our conceptions involve in themselves 

the nature of God and are conceived through it。 ��5�� Lastly�察�we see that all 

our adequate ideas are true。 ��6�� Compare on this point the prologomena to 

book�察 �Principles of Descartes's philosophy set forth geometrically。; 

                                    CHAPTER VII。 

    Endnote 7。 ��1�� ;It is impossible to find a method which would enable 

us   to   gain   a   certain   knowledge   of   all   the   statements   in   Scripture。;   ��2��   I 

mean impossible for us who have not the habitual use of the language�察�and 

have lost the precise meaning of its phraseology。 

    Endnote   8。   ��1��   ;Not   in   things   whereof   the   understanding   can   gain   a 

clear and distinct idea�察�and which are conceivable through themselves。; ��2�� 

By things conceivable I mean not only those which are rigidly proved�察�but 

also those whereof we are morally certain�察�and are wont to hear without 

wonder�察�though they are incapable of proof。 ��3�� Everyone can see the truth 

of Euclid's propositions before they are proved。 ��4�� So also the histories of 

things both future and past which do not surpass human credence�察�laws�察�

institutions�察�manners�察�I call conceivable and clear�察�though they cannot be 



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proved mathematically。 ��5�� But hieroglyphics and histories which seem to 

pass the bounds of belief I call inconceivable�察�yet even among these last 

there    are  many     which    our   method     enables    us  to   investigate�察  �and    to 

discover the meaning of their narrator。 

                                     CHAPTER VIII。 

     Endnote 9。 ��1�� ;Mount Moriah is called the mount of God。; ��2�� That is 

by the historian�察�not by Abraham�察�for he says that the place now called ;In 

the mount of the Lord it shall be revealed�察─�was called by Abraham�察 �the 

Lord shall provide。; 

     Endnote   10。   ��1��   ;Before   that   territory   ��Idumoea�А  �was   conquered   by 

David。;   ��2��   From   this   time   to   the   reign   of   Jehoram   when   they   again 

separated from the Jewish kingdom ��2 Kings viii��20���察�the Idumaeans had 

no   king�察  �princes   appointed   by   the   Jews   supplied   the   place   of   kings   ��1 

Kings   xxii��48���察  �in   fact   the   prince   of   Idumaea   is   called   a   king   ��2   Kings 

iii��9��。 

     ��3��   It   may   be   doubted   whether   the   last   of   the   Idumaean   kings   had 

begun to reign before the accession of Saul�察�or whether Scripture in this 

chapter     of   Genesis     wished    to   enumerate      only   such    kings   as   were 

independent。      ��4��   It  is  evidently   mere   trifling  to  wish    to  enrol   among 

Hebrew       kings   the   name    of  Moses�察    �who    set  up   a  dominion      entirely 

different from a monarchy。 

                                      CHAPTER IX。 

     Endnote 11。 ��1�� ;With few exceptions。; ��2�� One of these exceptions is 

found in 2 Kings xviii��20�察�where we read�察 �Thou sayest ��but they are but 

vain words���察 �the second person being used。 ��3�� In Isaiah xxxvi��5�察�we read 

;I say ��but they are but vain words�� I have counsel and strength for war�察─�

and in the twenty´second verse of the chapter in Kings it is written�察 �But if 

ye say�察─�the plural number being used�察�whereas Isaiah gives the singular。 

��4�� The text in Isaiah does not contain the words found in 2 Kings xxxii��32。 

��5�� Thus there are several cases of various readings where it is impossible 

to distinguish the best。 

     Endnote 12。 ��1�� ;The expressions in the two passages are so varied。; ��2�� 

For instance we read in 2 Sam。 vii��6�察 �But I have walked in a tent and in a 

tabernacle。; ��3�� Whereas in 1 Chron。 xvii��5�察 �but have gone from tent to 



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tent and from one tabernacle to another。; ��4�� In 2 Sam。 vii��10�察�we read�察 �to 

afflict them�察�whereas in 1 Chron。 vii��9�察�we find a different expression。 ��5�� 

I could point out other differences still greater�察�but a single reading of the 

chapters   in   question   will   suffice   to   make   them   manifest   to   all   who   are 

neither blind nor devoid of sense。 

     Endnote       13。   ��1��   ;This     time    cannot     refer   to   what    immediately 

precedes。; ��2�� It is plain from the context that this passage must allude to 

the time when Joseph was sold by his brethren。 ��3�� But this is not all。 ��4�� 

We may draw the same conclusion from the age of Judah�察�who was than 

twenty´two       years    old   at  most�察  �taking    as  basis   of   calculation    his   own 

history   just   narrated。   ��5��   It   follows�察  �indeed�察  �from   the   last   verse   of   Gen。 

xxx。�察�that Judah was born in the tenth of the years of Jacob's servitude to 

Laban�察�and Joseph in the fourteenth。 ��6�� Now�察�as we know that Joseph was 

seventeen years old when sold by his brethren�察�Judah was then not more 

than   twenty´one。   ��7��   Hence�察  �those   writers   who   assert   that   Judah's   long 

absence from his father's house took place before Joseph was sold�察�only 

seek to delude themselves and to call in question the Scriptural authority 

which they are anxious to protect。 

     Endnote   14。   ��1��   ;Dinah   was   scarcely  seven   years   old   when   she   was 

violated by Schechem。; ��2�� The opinion held by some that Jacob wandered 

about eight or ten years between Mesopotamia and Bethel�察�savours of the 

ridiculous�察�if respect for Aben Ezra�察�allows me to say so。 ��3�� For it is clear 

that Jacob had two reasons for haste�此�first�察�the desire to see his old parents�察�

secondly�察  �and   chiefly   to   perform�察  �the   vow   made   when   he   fled   from   his 

brother     ��Gen。    xxviii��10    and   xxxi��13�察    �and   xxxv��1��。     ��4��  We    read   ��Gen。 

xxxi��3���察  �that   God   had   commanded   him   to   fulfill   his   vow�察  �and   promised 

him   help   for   returning   to   his   country。   ��5��   If   these   considerations   seem 

conjectures rather than reasons�察�I will waive the point and admit that Jacob�察�

more unfortunate than Ulysses�察�spent eight or ten years or even longer�察�in 

this short journey。 ��6�� At any rate it cannot be denied that Benjamin was 

born   in   the   last   year   of   this   wandering�察  �that   is   by   the   reckoning   of   the 

objectors�察�when Joseph was sixteen or seventeen years old�察�for Jacob left 

Laban seven years after Joseph's birth。 ��7�� Now from the seventeenth year 

of Joseph's age till the patriarch went into Egypt�察�not more than twenty´ 



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two   years   elapsed�察  �as   we   have   shown   in   this   chapter。   ��8��   Consequently 

Benjamin�察�at the time of the journey to Egypt�察�was twenty´three or twenty´ 

four at the   most。  ��9��   He   would   therefore   have been   a   grandfather   in   the 

flower   of   his   age   ��Gen。   xlvi��21�察  �cf。   Numb。   xxvi��38�察  �40�察  �and   1   Chron。 

viii��1���察�for it is certain that Bela�察�Benjamin's eldest son�察�had at that time�察�

two sons�察�Addai nd Naa´man。 ��10�� This is just as absurd as the statement 

that    Dinah     was   violated     at  the   age   of   seven�察   �not   to  mention      other 

impossibilities   which   would   result   from   the   truth   of   the   narrative。   ��11�� 

Thus   we   see   that   unskillful   endeavours   to   solve   difficulties�察  �only   raise 

fresh ones�察�and make confusion worse confounded。 

     Endnote 15。 ��1�� ;Othniel�察�son of Kenag�察�was judge for forty years。; ��2�� 

Rabbi Levi Ben Gerson and others believe that these forty years which the 

Bible says were passed in freedom�察�should be counted from the death of 

Joshua�察�and consequently include the eight years during which the people 

were   subject   to   Kushan   Rishathaim�察  �while   the   following   eighteen   years 

must be added on to the eighty years of Ehud's and Shamgar's judgeships。 

��3��    In  this   case   it  would    be   necessary     to  reckon     the   other   years    of 

subjection among those said by the Bible to have been passed in freedom。 

��4�� But the Bible expressly notes the number of years of subjection�察�and 

the number   of   years   of   freedom�察  �and   further   declares   ��Judges ii��18��   that 

the Hebrew state was prosperous during the whole time of the judges。 ��5�� 

Therefore it is evident that Levi Ben Gerson ��certainly a very learned man���察�

and those who follow him�察�correct rather than interpret the Scriptures。 

     ��6�� The 
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