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theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及22何蛍
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points which have most bearing on my subject in the following chapter。
End of Part 2。
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AUTHOR'S ENDNOTES TO THE
THEOLOGICO´POLITICAL
TREATISE Part 2 ´ Chapters VI to X
CHAPTER VI。
Endnote 6。 ��1�� We doubt of the existence of God�察�and consequently of
all else�察�so long as we have no clear and distinct idea of God�察�but only a
confused one。 ��2�� For as he who knows not rightly the nature of a triangle�察�
knows not that its three angles are equal to two right angles�察�so he who
conceives the Divine nature confusedly�察�does not see that it pertains to the
nature of God to exist。 ��3�� Now�察�to conceive the nature of God clearly and
distinctly�察 �it is necessary to pay attention to a certain number of very
simple notions�察�called general notions�察�and by their help to associate the
conceptions which we form of the attributes of the Divine nature。 ��4�� It
then�察�for the first time�察�becomes clear to us�察�that God exists necessarily�察�
that He is omnipresent�察�and that all our conceptions involve in themselves
the nature of God and are conceived through it。 ��5�� Lastly�察�we see that all
our adequate ideas are true。 ��6�� Compare on this point the prologomena to
book�察 �Principles of Descartes's philosophy set forth geometrically。;
CHAPTER VII。
Endnote 7。 ��1�� ;It is impossible to find a method which would enable
us to gain a certain knowledge of all the statements in Scripture。; ��2�� I
mean impossible for us who have not the habitual use of the language�察�and
have lost the precise meaning of its phraseology。
Endnote 8。 ��1�� ;Not in things whereof the understanding can gain a
clear and distinct idea�察�and which are conceivable through themselves。; ��2��
By things conceivable I mean not only those which are rigidly proved�察�but
also those whereof we are morally certain�察�and are wont to hear without
wonder�察�though they are incapable of proof。 ��3�� Everyone can see the truth
of Euclid's propositions before they are proved。 ��4�� So also the histories of
things both future and past which do not surpass human credence�察�laws�察�
institutions�察�manners�察�I call conceivable and clear�察�though they cannot be
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proved mathematically。 ��5�� But hieroglyphics and histories which seem to
pass the bounds of belief I call inconceivable�察�yet even among these last
there are many which our method enables us to investigate�察 �and to
discover the meaning of their narrator。
CHAPTER VIII。
Endnote 9。 ��1�� ;Mount Moriah is called the mount of God。; ��2�� That is
by the historian�察�not by Abraham�察�for he says that the place now called ;In
the mount of the Lord it shall be revealed�察─�was called by Abraham�察 �the
Lord shall provide。;
Endnote 10。 ��1�� ;Before that territory ��Idumoea�А �was conquered by
David。; ��2�� From this time to the reign of Jehoram when they again
separated from the Jewish kingdom ��2 Kings viii��20���察�the Idumaeans had
no king�察 �princes appointed by the Jews supplied the place of kings ��1
Kings xxii��48���察 �in fact the prince of Idumaea is called a king ��2 Kings
iii��9��。
��3�� It may be doubted whether the last of the Idumaean kings had
begun to reign before the accession of Saul�察�or whether Scripture in this
chapter of Genesis wished to enumerate only such kings as were
independent。 ��4�� It is evidently mere trifling to wish to enrol among
Hebrew kings the name of Moses�察 �who set up a dominion entirely
different from a monarchy。
CHAPTER IX。
Endnote 11。 ��1�� ;With few exceptions。; ��2�� One of these exceptions is
found in 2 Kings xviii��20�察�where we read�察 �Thou sayest ��but they are but
vain words���察 �the second person being used。 ��3�� In Isaiah xxxvi��5�察�we read
;I say ��but they are but vain words�� I have counsel and strength for war�察─�
and in the twenty´second verse of the chapter in Kings it is written�察 �But if
ye say�察─�the plural number being used�察�whereas Isaiah gives the singular。
��4�� The text in Isaiah does not contain the words found in 2 Kings xxxii��32。
��5�� Thus there are several cases of various readings where it is impossible
to distinguish the best。
Endnote 12。 ��1�� ;The expressions in the two passages are so varied。; ��2��
For instance we read in 2 Sam。 vii��6�察 �But I have walked in a tent and in a
tabernacle。; ��3�� Whereas in 1 Chron。 xvii��5�察 �but have gone from tent to
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tent and from one tabernacle to another。; ��4�� In 2 Sam。 vii��10�察�we read�察 �to
afflict them�察�whereas in 1 Chron。 vii��9�察�we find a different expression。 ��5��
I could point out other differences still greater�察�but a single reading of the
chapters in question will suffice to make them manifest to all who are
neither blind nor devoid of sense。
Endnote 13。 ��1�� ;This time cannot refer to what immediately
precedes。; ��2�� It is plain from the context that this passage must allude to
the time when Joseph was sold by his brethren。 ��3�� But this is not all。 ��4��
We may draw the same conclusion from the age of Judah�察�who was than
twenty´two years old at most�察 �taking as basis of calculation his own
history just narrated。 ��5�� It follows�察 �indeed�察 �from the last verse of Gen。
xxx。�察�that Judah was born in the tenth of the years of Jacob's servitude to
Laban�察�and Joseph in the fourteenth。 ��6�� Now�察�as we know that Joseph was
seventeen years old when sold by his brethren�察�Judah was then not more
than twenty´one。 ��7�� Hence�察 �those writers who assert that Judah's long
absence from his father's house took place before Joseph was sold�察�only
seek to delude themselves and to call in question the Scriptural authority
which they are anxious to protect。
Endnote 14。 ��1�� ;Dinah was scarcely seven years old when she was
violated by Schechem。; ��2�� The opinion held by some that Jacob wandered
about eight or ten years between Mesopotamia and Bethel�察�savours of the
ridiculous�察�if respect for Aben Ezra�察�allows me to say so。 ��3�� For it is clear
that Jacob had two reasons for haste�此�first�察�the desire to see his old parents�察�
secondly�察 �and chiefly to perform�察 �the vow made when he fled from his
brother ��Gen。 xxviii��10 and xxxi��13�察 �and xxxv��1��。 ��4�� We read ��Gen。
xxxi��3���察 �that God had commanded him to fulfill his vow�察 �and promised
him help for returning to his country。 ��5�� If these considerations seem
conjectures rather than reasons�察�I will waive the point and admit that Jacob�察�
more unfortunate than Ulysses�察�spent eight or ten years or even longer�察�in
this short journey。 ��6�� At any rate it cannot be denied that Benjamin was
born in the last year of this wandering�察 �that is by the reckoning of the
objectors�察�when Joseph was sixteen or seventeen years old�察�for Jacob left
Laban seven years after Joseph's birth。 ��7�� Now from the seventeenth year
of Joseph's age till the patriarch went into Egypt�察�not more than twenty´
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two years elapsed�察 �as we have shown in this chapter。 ��8�� Consequently
Benjamin�察�at the time of the journey to Egypt�察�was twenty´three or twenty´
four at the most。 ��9�� He would therefore have been a grandfather in the
flower of his age ��Gen。 xlvi��21�察 �cf。 Numb。 xxvi��38�察 �40�察 �and 1 Chron。
viii��1���察�for it is certain that Bela�察�Benjamin's eldest son�察�had at that time�察�
two sons�察�Addai nd Naa´man。 ��10�� This is just as absurd as the statement
that Dinah was violated at the age of seven�察 �not to mention other
impossibilities which would result from the truth of the narrative。 ��11��
Thus we see that unskillful endeavours to solve difficulties�察 �only raise
fresh ones�察�and make confusion worse confounded。
Endnote 15。 ��1�� ;Othniel�察�son of Kenag�察�was judge for forty years。; ��2��
Rabbi Levi Ben Gerson and others believe that these forty years which the
Bible says were passed in freedom�察�should be counted from the death of
Joshua�察�and consequently include the eight years during which the people
were subject to Kushan Rishathaim�察 �while the following eighteen years
must be added on to the eighty years of Ehud's and Shamgar's judgeships。
��3�� In this case it would be necessary to reckon the other years of
subjection among those said by the Bible to have been passed in freedom。
��4�� But the Bible expressly notes the number of years of subjection�察�and
the number of years of freedom�察 �and further declares ��Judges ii��18�� that
the Hebrew state was prosperous during the whole time of the judges。 ��5��
Therefore it is evident that Levi Ben Gerson ��certainly a very learned man���察�
and those who follow him�察�correct rather than interpret the Scriptures。
��6�� The
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