嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及20何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



traced their counter´descent thus�察�saying that each one of the statues had 

been /piromis/ son of /piromis/�察�until they had declared this of the whole 

three hundred and forty´five statues�察�each one being surnamed /piromis/�察�

and   neither   with   a   god   nor   a   hero   did   they   connect   their   descent。   Now 

/piromis/ means in the tongue of Hellas ;honourable and good man。; From 

their declaration then it followed�察�that they of whom the images were had 

been of form like this�察�and far removed from being gods�此�but in the time 

before     these   men    they   said   that   gods   were    the   rulers   in  Egypt�察   �not 

mingling with men�察�and that of these always one had power at a time�察�and 

the   last   of   them   who   was   king   over   Egypt   was   Oros   the   son   of   Osiris�察�

whom   the   Hellenes       call   Apollo�此  �he   was   king   over    Egypt   last�察 �having 

deposed Typhon。 Now Osiris in the tongue of Hellas is Dionysos。 

     Among the Hellenes Heracles and Dionysos and Pan are accounted the 

lastest´born of the gods�察�but with the Egyptians Pan is a very ancient god�察�

and he is one of those which are called eight gods�察�while Heracles is of the 

second rank�察�who are called the twelve gods�察�and Dionysos is of the third 

rank�察  �namely   of   those   who   were   born   of   the   twelve   gods。   Now   as   to 

Heracles I have shown already how many years old he is according to the 

Egyptians themselves�察�reckoning down to the reign of Amasis�察�and Pan is 

said to have existed for yet more years than these�察�and Dionysos for the 

smallest number of years as compared with the others�察�and even for this 

last they reckon down to the reign of Amasis fifteen thousand years。 This 

the Egyptians say that they know for a certainty�察�since they always kept a 



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reckoning and wrote down the years as they came。 Now the Dionysos who 

is   said   to   have   been   born   of   Semele   the   daughter   of   Cadmos�察  �was   born 

about   sixteen   hundred   years   before   my  time�察  �and   Heracles   who   was   the 

son of Alcmene�察�about nine hundred years�察�and that Pan who was born of 

Penelope�察�for   of her   and of   Hermes   Pan is said by  the Hellenes   to have 

been    born�察   �came    into  being    later  than   the  wars    of  Troy�察  �about    eight 

hundred   years   before   my   time。   Of   these   two   accounts   every   man   may 

adopt that one which he shall find the more credible when he hears it。 I 

however�察�for my part�察�have already declared my opinion about them。 For if 

these also�察�like Heracles the son of Amphitryon�察�had appeared before all 

men's eyes and had lived their lives to old age in Hellas�察�I mean Dionysos 

the son of Semele and Pan the son of Penelope�察�then one would have said 

that these also had been born mere men�察�having the names of those gods 

who had come into being long before�此�but as it is�察�with regard to Dionysos 

the Hellenes say  that as   soon as he   was born  Zeus sewed him  up in  his 

thigh    and   carried   him   to   Nysa�察  �which    is  above    Egypt    in  the  land   of 

Ethiopia�察�and as to Pan�察�they cannot say whither he went after he was born。 

Hence   it   has   become   clear   to   me   that   the   Hellenes   learnt   the   names   of 

these gods later than those of the other gods�察�and trace their descent as if 

their birth occurred at the time when they first learnt their names。 

     Thus far then the history is told by the Egyptians themselves�察�but I will 

now     recount    that  which    other   nations    also  tell�察 �and   the  Egyptians     in 

agreement with the others�察�of that which happened in this land�此�and there 

will be added to this also something of that which I have myself seen。 

     Being set free after the reign of the priest of Hephaistos�察�the Egyptians�察�

since they could not live any time without a king�察�set up over them twelve 

kings�察    �having     divided     all   Egypt     into   twelve     parts。   These     made 

intermarriages with one another and reigned�察�making agreement that they 

would not put   down one another   by force�察 �nor seek to   get an   advantage 

over one another�察�but would live in perfect friendship�此�and the reason why 

they made these agreements�察�guarding them very strongly from violation�察�

was this�察�namely that an oracle had been given to them at first when they 

began to   exercise   their   rule�察�that he   of them  who   should pour   a libation 

with a bronze cup in the temple of Hephaistos�察�should be king of all Egypt 



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��for   they   used   to   assemble   together   in   all   the   temples��。   Moreover   they 

resolved   to   join   all   together   and   leave   a   memorial   of   themselves�察  �and 

having   so   resolved   they   caused   to   be   made   a   labyrinth�察  �situated   a   little 

above the   lake of   Moiris   and nearly  opposite to that   which is   called the 

City of Crocodiles。 This I saw myself�察�and I found it greater than words 

can say。 For if one should put together and reckon up all the buildings and 

all the great works produced by Hellenes�察�they would prove to be inferior 

in   labour   and   expense   to   this   labyrinth�察  �though   it   is   true   that   both   the 

temple   at   Ephesos      and   that   at  Samos   are   works      worthy   of   note。    The 

pyramids also were greater than words can say�察�and each one of them is 

equal   to    many   works   of     the   Hellenes�察  �great    as   they   may   be�察  �but   the 

labyrinth   surpasses   even   the   pyramids。   It   has   twelve   courts   covered   in�察�

with gates facing one another�察 �six upon the North   side and six upon   the 

South�察  �joining   on   one   to   another�察  �and   the   same   wall   surrounds   them   all 

outside�察�and there are in it two kinds of chambers�察�the one kind below the 

ground and the other above upon these�察�three thousand in number�察�of each 

kind fifteen hundred。 The upper set of chambers we ourselves saw�察�going 

through them�察�and we tell of them having looked upon them with our own 

eyes�察    �but  the   chambers      under     ground    we    heard    about    only�察  �for   the 

Egyptians   who   had   charge   of   them   were   not   willing   on   any   account   to 

show them�察�saying that here were the sepulchres of the kings who had first 

built this labyrinth and of the sacred crocodiles。 Accordingly we speak of 

the chambers below by what we received from hearsay�察�while those above 

we    saw    ourselves     and   found    them   to   be   works    of   more    than   human 

greatness。 For the passages through the chambers�察�and the goings this way 

and that way through the courts�察�which were admirably adorned�察�afforded 

endless     matter    for   marvel�察   �as   we   went    through     from    a  court    to  the 

chambers beyond it�察�and from the chambers to colonnades�察�and from the 

colonnades   to   other   rooms�察  �and   then   from   the   chambers   again   to   other 

courts。 Over the whole of these is a roof made of stone like the walls�察�and 

the   walls   are   covered   with   figures   carved   upon   them�察  �each   court   being 

surrounded with pillars of white stone fitted together most perfectly�察�and 

at the end of the labyrinth�察�by the corner of it�察�there is a pyramid of forty 

fathoms�察�upon which large figures are carved�察�and to this there is a way 



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made under ground。 

     Such is this labyrinth�此�but a cause for marvel even greater than this is 

afforded by the lake�察�which is called the lake of Moiris�察�along the side of 

which this labyrinth is built。 The measure of its circuit is three thousand 

six hundred furlongs ��being sixty /schoines/���察�and this is the same number 

of   furlongs   as   the   extent   of   Egypt   itself   along   the   sea。   The   lake   lies 

extended lengthwise from North to South�察�and in depth where it is deepest 

it is fifty fathoms。 That this lake is artificial and formed by digging is self´ 

evident�察  �for   about   in   the   middle   of   the   lake   stand   two   pyramids�察  �each 

rising above the water to a height of fifty fathoms�察�the part which is built 

below the water being of just the same height�察�and upon each is placed a 

colossal   statue   of   stone   sitting   upon   a   chair。   Thus   the   pyramids   are   a 

hundred fathoms high�察�and these hundred fathoms are equal to a furlong of 

six hundred feet�察�the fathom being measured as six feet or four cubits�察�the 

feet being four palms each�察�and the cubits six。 The water in the lake does 

not come from the place where it is�察�for the country there is very deficient 

in water�察�but it has been brought thither from the Nile by a canal�察�and for 

six months the water flows into the lake�察�and for six months out into the 

Nile again�察  �and   whenever it   flows   out�察 �then   for the   six   months it   brings 

into   the   royal   treasury   a   talent   of   silver   a   day   from   the   fish   which   are 

caught�察�and twenty pounds when the water comes in。 The natives of the 

place moreover said that this lake had an outlet under ground to the Syrtis 

which is in Libya�察�turning towards the interior of the continent upon the 

Western side and running along by the mountain which is above Memphis。 

Now   since   I   did   not   see   anywhere   existing   the   earth   dug   out   of   this 

excavation ��for that was a matter which drew my attention���察�I asked those 

who dwelt nearest to the lake where the earth was which had been dug out。 

These   told   me   to   what   place   it   had   been    carried   away�察�
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��