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scientific secrets-及10何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


There is a method of bronzing casts of plaster of Paris analogous to that 
which we have above given for bronzing wood�察�but it is not in much repute。 
Such figures may be beautifully varnished by means of Dr。 John's varnish�察�
receipt No。178。 Casts of plaster of Paris may be made by receipt No。167。

183。 SHELL´LAC VARNISH
Dissolve in an iron kettle�察�one part of pearl´ash in about 8 parts of 
water�察�add one part of shell´lac�察�and heat the whole to ebullition。 When 
the lac is dissolved�察�cool the solution�察�and impregnate it with chlorine�察�
till the lac is all precipitated。 The precipitate is white�察�but its colour 
deepens by washing and consolidation�察�dissolved in alcohol�察�lac bleached 
by the above process yields a varnish which is as free from colour as any 
copal varnish。









 184。 CHLORINE FOR SHELL´LAC VARNISH
This may be formed by mixing intimately eight parts of common salt�察�and 

three parts of the black oxide of manganese in powder�察�put this mixture 
into a retort�察�then pour four parts of sulphuric acid�察�diluted with an 
equal weight of water�察�and afterwards allowed to cool upon the salt and 
manganese�察�the gas will then be immediately liberated�察�and the operation 
may be quickened by a moderate heat。 A tube leading from the mouth of the 
retort must be passed into the resinous solution�察�where the gas will be 
absorbed�察�and the lac precipitated。

185。 SHELL´LAC VARNISHES OF VARIOUS COLOURS
These may be made by using ant colour in fine powder with the varnish�察�in 
the following manner�此�rub up the colour with a little alcohol or spirits 
of turpentine till it becomes perfectly smooth�察�then put it into the cup 
with the varnish。 Shell´lac varnish is the best spirit varnish we have�察�
and may be made any colour by the above process。

186。 GOLD OIL´COLOUR�察�OR SIZE
The English method of preparing the colour in size�察�which serves as the 
ground on which the gold is laid�察�is�察�to grind together some red oxide of 
lead with the thickest drying oil that can be procured�察�the older the 
better。 To make it work freely�察�it is mixed�察�before being used�察�with a 
little oil of turpentine�察�till it is brought to a proper consistence。 The 
above four receipts are used in japanning。

                              187。 JAPANNING
If it be woodwork you are about to japan�察�it must be prepared with size�察�
and some coarse material mixed with it to fill up and harden the grain of 
the wood�察。�such as may best suit the colour to be laid on�撮� which must be 
rubbed smooth with glass paper when dry。 In cases of accident�察�it is 
seldom necessary to resize the damaged places�察�unless they are 
considerable。

188。 GRINDING COLOURS IN JAPANNING
Be very careful in japanning�察�to grind your colours smooth in spirits of 
turpentine�察�then add a small quantity of turpentine and spirit varnish�察�
lay it carefully on with a camel hair brush�察�and varnish it with brown or 
white varnish�察�according to the colour。

189。 COLOURS REQUIRED IN JAPANNING
Flake white�察�red lead�察�vermillion�察�lake�察�Prussian blue�察�patent yellow�察�
orpiment�察�orchres�察�verditers�察�vandyke brown�察�umber�察�lamp´black�察�and 
siennas raw and burnt。 With these you may match almost any colour in 
general use in japanning。 For a black japan�察�it will be found sufficient 
to mix a little gold´size with lamp´black�察�this will bear a good gloss�察�
without requiring to be varnished afterwards。






  190。 TO PREPARE A FINE TORTOISE´SHELL JAPAN
Take 1 gallon of good linseed oil�察�and 1/2 lb。 of umber�察�boil them 
together till the oil becomes very brown and thick�察�then strain it through 
a coarse cloth�察�and set it again to boil�察�in which state it must be 
continued till it acquires a consistence resembling that of pitch�察�it will 
then be fit for use。

  191。 DIRECTIONS FOR USING TORTOISE´SHELL JAPAN
Having thus prepared the varnish or japan�察�clean well the substance which 
is to be japanned�察�then lay vermillion�察�tempered with shell´lac varnish�察�
or with drying oil�察�very thinly diluted with oil of turpentine�察�on the 
places intended to imitate the more transparent parts of the 
tortoise´shell�察�when the vermillion is dry�察�brush the whole over with 
black varnish�察�tempered to a due consistence with the oil of turpentine。 
When set and firm�察�put the work into a stove�察�where it may undergo a
very strong heat�察�which must be continued a considerable time�察�if even 
three weeks or a month it will be the better。 This tortoise´shell ground 
it not less valuable for its great hardness�察�and enduring to be made 
hotter than boiling water without damage�察�than for the superior beauty and 
brilliancy of its appearance。

    192。 TO MAKE CLOTH�察�SILK &c。�察�WATER´PROOF
Mix equal quantities of alum and acetate of lead�察�and dissolve the mixture 
in 1 1/2 gallons of boiling water。 When the solution has cooled��remove the 
supernatent liquid from the sediment�察�which consists of sulphate of lead�察�
and is ready for use。 Any article of dress�察�when well saturated in this 
liquid�察�and allowed to dry slowly�察�bears the action of boiling water�察�and 
does not permit it to pass through�察�although steam and air penetrate if 
freely。

                           193。 CROCKERY CEMENT
Dissolve 1 oz。 of common salt in 1 quart of water�察�bring to a boil�察�and 
put in 1 1/4 lbs。 gum shell´lac�察�when it shall have dissolved�察�pour into 
cold water�察�and work like wax�察�make into small sticks。 This will make 
crockery as firm as a rock。 Directions�此 � Warm the stick�察�apply it to the 
broken edges�察�then heat the edges�察�place them together and hold for a 
minute�察�and they are firm。

     194。 A CEMENT FOR CHINA�察�GLASS´WARE�察�&c。
Take a thick mucilage of gum arabic�察�and stir into it plaster of Paris to 
form a thick paste�察�apply to the edges with a brush�察�and press firmly 
together and confine them two or three days�察�and you will be astonished at 
their firmness。

                           195。 ANGLER'S SECRET
The juice of loveage or smellage mixed with any kind of bait�察�or a few 
drops of the oil of rhodium�察�India cockle�察�also�察�is sometimes mixed with 
flour dough�察�and sprinkled on the surface of still water。 This intoxicates 
the fish�察�and makes him turn up on the top of the water�察�when he is taken 
and put in a tub of fresh water until he revives�察�when all is right�察�he 
may be eaten without fear�察�but this will destroy many fish。






196。 MORELLA WINE
Take the juice of morella or tame cherries�察�and to each quart put 3 quarts 
of water�察�and 4 lbs。 of coarse brown sugar�察�let them ferment�察�and skim 
until worked clear�察�then draw off�察�avoiding the sediment at the bottom�察�
bung up�察�or bottle�察�which is best for all wines�察�letting the bottles lie 
always on the side�察�either for wines or beers。

                               197。 HAIR DYE
No。1 Crystalised nitrate of silver�察�1 drachm�察�soft water�察�1 oz。 
No。2 Sulphide ��sulphuret is the same�� of potassium�察�1 drachm�察�soft water�察�
1 oz。�察�wash the beard or hair with soap to remove oil�察�dry with a towel a 
little then apply No。1�察�and directly after it No。2�察�for a few minutes�察�
alternately�察�using different tooth brushes for each No。 Clear days are 
best on which to apply it。 As soon as dry�察�wash out well with soap。 Keep
it from shirt bosoms and face�察�especially No。1�察�as it will make the face 
sore as well as colour it。 If you do get it on the skin�察�cyanide ��cyanuret 
is the same�� of potassium�察�1 drachm�察�to 2 ozs。 of water�察�will take it off。 
This last is poison�察�however�察�and should not touch sore places�察�nor be 
left where children may get at it。

                  198。 TALLOW CANDLES IN IMITATION OF WAX
Purify melted mutton tallow by throwing in powdered quicklime�察�then add 2 
parts of wax to 1 of tallow。 A most beautiful article of candle�察�
resembling wax�察�will be produced by the mixture。 Dip the wicks in 
lime´water and saltpetre on making。

             199。 TO STAIN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS A CRIMSON STAIN
Take of ground Brazil�察�1 lb。�察�water�察�3 quarts�察�cochineal�察�1/2 oz。�察�boil 
the Brazil in the water for an hour�察�then strain�察�and add the cochineal�察�
then boil it gently for half´an´hour�察�when it will be fit for use。 If you 
wish a scarlet tint�察�boil an ounce of saffron in a quart of water�察�and 
pass over the work before you stain it。 The article must be very clean�察�
and of firwood�察�or the best sycamore。 When varnished over this stain it is 
most elegant。

                   200。 A PURPLE STAIN FOR VIOLINS�察�&c。
Take of chipped logwood�察�1 lb。�察�of water�察�3 quarts�察�of pearl´ash�察�4 ozs。�察�
of indigo�察�pounded�察�2 ozs。�察�put the logwood in the water�察�boil well for an 
hour�察�then add the pearl´ash and indigo�察�and when dissolved�察�you will have 
a beautiful purple。

                    201。 A BLUE STAIN FOR VIOLINS�察�&c。
Take of oil of vitriol in a glass bottle�察�1 lb。�察�put into it 4 ozs。 of 
indigo�察�and precede as directed in dyeing。

                     202。 GREEN STAIN FOR VIOLINS�察�&c。
Take of strong vinegar�察�3 pints�察�of best verdigris�察�4 ozs。�察�ground fine�察�
of sap green�察�1/2 oz。�察�of indigo�察�1/2 oz。�察�mix all together。








                    203。 GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR DYEING
The materials should be perfectly clean�察�soap should be rinsed out in soft 
water�察�the article should be entirely wetted�察�or it will spot�察�light 
colours should be steeped in brass�察�tin or earthen�察�and�察�if set at all�察�
should be set with alum。 Dark colours should be boiled in iron�察�and set 
with copperas�察�too much copperas rots the thread。

204。 FOR COLOURING SKY BLUE
Get the blue composition�察�it may be had at the druggist's�察�or clothier's�察�
for a shilling an ounce。 If the articles are not white�察�the old colours 
should all be discharged by soap or a strong solution of tartaric acid�察�
then rinsed�察�12 or 16 drops of the composition�察�stirred into a quart´bowl 
of warm water�察�and strained if settlings are seen�察�will dye a great many 
articles。 If you want a deeper colour�察�add a few drops more of the 
composition。 If you wish to colour cotton goods�察�put in pounded chalk to 
destroy the acid�察�which is very destructive to all cotton�察�let it stand 
until the effervescence subsides�察�and then it may be safely used for 
cotton or silk。
     205。 FOR LILAC COLOUR
Take a little pinch of archil�察�
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