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scientific secrets-及2何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



9。 ELECTRO SILVERING ´ USUAL METHOD
This is done every way the same as gold plating ��using coin�� except that 
rock salt is used instead of the cyanuret of potassium to hold the silver 
in solution for use�察�and when it is of the proper strength of salt it has 
a thick curdy appearance�察�or you can add salt until the silver will 
deposit on the article to be plated�察�which is all that is required。 No 
hesitation need be felt in trying these receipts�察�as they are obtained 
from a genuine source�察�and are in every day use。

                          10。 GOLD PLATING FLUID
Warm six ounces of pure rain water�察�and dissolve in it 2 ounces of cyanide 
of potassium�察�then add a 1/4 ounce oxide of gold�察�the solution will at 
first be yellowish�察�but will soon subside to white�察�then half fill a 
bottle with whiting�察�fill it up with this solution and shake it well�察�you 
may now take a piece of old cotton�察�wet it with the solution�察�rub it well 
over brass�察�copper�察�&c。�察�and it is nicely washed with gold。

                         11。 SILVER PLATING FLUID
Dissolve one ounce of nitrate of silver�察�in crystal�察�in 12 ounces of soft 
water�察�then dissolve in the water two ounces of cyanuret of potash�察�shake 
the whole together and let it stand until it becomes clear。 Have ready 
some 1/2 ounce vials�察�and fill them half full of whiting�察�then fill up the 
bottles and it is ready for use。 The whiting does not increase the coating 
powder ´ it only helps to clear the articles and save the silver fluid by 
half filling the bottles。 The above quantity of materials will cost about 
1。62c。�察�so that the fluid will be about 3 cents a bottle。 It is used in 
the same way as the gold plating fluid。









                       12。 QUICKSILVER PLATING FLUID
Take of quicksilver one ounce�察�one ounce nitric acid�察�one ten cent piece�察�
rain water 1/2 pint to a pint�察�put the three first articles into a tumbler 
together�察�let them stand until dissolved�察�occasionally stirring�察�then add 
the water�察�and it is ready for use。 This is used in the same way as the 
silver and gold plating fluid。

                             13。 TO GILD STEEL
Pour some of the ethereal solution of gold into a wine´glass�察�and dip into 
it the blade of a new penknife�察�lancet�察�razor�察�&c。�察�withdraw the 
instrument and allow the ether to evaporate�察�the blade will then be found 
to be covered with a beautiful coat of gold�察�the blade may be moistened 
with a clean rag or a small piece of very dry sponge dipped into the 
ether�察�and the same effect will be produced。

              14。 TO GILD COPPER�察�BRASS�察�&c。 ´ BY AN AMALGAM
The gilding of these inferior metals and alloys of them is effected by the 
assistance of mercury with which the gold is amalgamated。 The mercury is 
evaporated while the gold is fixed by the application of heat�察�the whole 
is then burnished of left mat in the whole or in part�察�according as 
required。

                      15。 GILDING GLASS AND PORCELAIN
Dissolve in boiling linseed oil an equal weight either of copal or amber�察�
and add as much oil of turpentine as will enable you to apply the compound 
or size thus formed as thin as possible to the parts of the glass intended 
to be gilt�察�the glass is to be placed in a stove till it is so warm as 
almost to burn the fingers when handled。 At this temperature the size 
becomes adhesive�察�and a piece of leaf gold applied in the usual way will 
immediately stick。 Sweep off the superfluous portions of the leaf�察�and 
when quite cold it may be burnished�察�taking care to interpose a piece of 
india paper between the gold and the burnisher。 It sometimes happens when 
the varnish is not very good that by repeated washing the gold wears off�察�
on this account the practice of burning it in is sometimes had recourse 
to�察�for this purpose some gold powder is ground with borax�察�and in this 
state applied to the clean surface of the glass by a camel hair pencil�察�
when quite dry the glass is put into a stove�察�heated to about the 
temperature of an annealing oven�察�the gum burns off�察�and the borax�察�by 
vitrifying�察�cements the gold with great firmness to the glass�察�after which 
it may be burnished。
The gilding upon porcelain is in like manner fixed by heat and the use of 
borax�察�and this kind of ware�察�being neither transparent nor liable to 
soften�察�and thus to be injured in its form in a low red heat�察�is free from 
the risk and injury which the finer and more fusible kinds of glass are 
apt to sustain from such treatment。 Porcelain and other wares may be 
platinized�察�silvered�察�tinned�察�or bronzed�察�in a similar manner。









                      16。 GILDING THE EDGES OF PAPER
The edges of the leaves of books and letter paper are gilded whilst in a 
horizontal position in the bookbinder's press or some arrangement of the 
same nature�察�by first applying a composition formed of four parts of 
Armenian´bole and one of candied sugar�察�ground together with water to a 
proper consistence�察�and laid on by a brush with the white of an egg。 This 
coating�察�when nearly dry is smoothed be the burnisher�察�it is then slightly 
moistened by a sponge dipped in clean water and squeezed in the hand�察�the 
gold leaf is now taken up on a piece of cotton from the leathern cushion 
and applied on the moistened surface�察�when dry it is to be burnished by 
rubbing the burnisher over it repeatedly from end to end�察�taking care not 
to wound the surface by the point。

                17。 PROFESSOR WORTS' AMALGAM FOR SILVERING
This is the only means yet discovered for silvering iron directly�察�yet it 
is not so lasting as some of the other processes。 Take quicksilver and the 
metal potassium�察�equal parts by volume�察�put them together in a tumbler�察�
and if both metals be good there will be a brisk ebullition�察�which 
continues until an amalgam of the two is formed�察�then add as much 
quicksilver as there is of the amalgam�察�let it work till thoroughly mixed�察�
and it is ready for use。 This amalgam you may apply with a cloth to any 
metal�察�even iron�察�though it be a rusty bar�察�and you have it neatly 
silvered over。

18。 FOR COPPERING IRON
This is the latest method�察�and that now in use。 To a solution of sulphate 
of copper�察�add a solution of ferrocyanide of pottasium�察�so long as a 
precipitate continues to be formed。 This is allowed to settle�察�and the 
clear liquor being decanted the vessel is filled with water�察�and when the 
precipitate settles the liquor is again decanted�察�and continue to repeat 
these washings until the sulphate of potash is washed quite out�察�this is 
known by adding a little chloride of barium to a small quantity of the 
washings�察�and when there is no white precipitate formed by the test�察�the 
precipitate is sufficiently washed。 A solution of cyanide of potassium is 
now added to this precipitate until it is dissolved�察�during which process 
the solution becomes warm by the chemical re´action which takes place。 The 
solution is filtered�察�and allowed to repose all night。 If the solution of 
cyanide of potassium that is used is strong�察�the greater portion of the 
ferrocyanide of potassium crystalises in the solution�察�and may be 
collected and preserved for use again。 If the solution of cyanide of 
potassium used to dissolve the precipitate is dilute�察�it will be necessary 
to condense the liquor by evaporation to obtain the yellow prussiate in 
crystals。 The remaining solution is the coppering solution�察�should it not 
be convenient to separate the yellow prussiate by crystallization�察�the 
presence of that salt in the solution does not deteriorate it nor 
interfere with its power of depositing copper。






          19。 PECULIARITIES IN WORKING CYANIDE OF COPPER SOLUTION
The true composition of the salts thus formed by copper and cyanide of 
potassium has not yet been determined�察�but their relations to the battery 
and electrolyzation are peculiar。 The solution must be worked at a heat 
not less than from 150~ to 200~ Farenheit ��that is not quite as hot a 
boiling water�察�which is 212~ Farenheit。�� All other solutions we have tried 
follow the laws�察�that if the electricity is so strong as to cause gas to 
be evolved at the electrode�察�the metal will be deposited in a sandy or 
powdered state�察�but the solution of cyanide of copper and potassium is an 
exception to these laws�察�as there is no reguline deposit obtained unless 
gas is freely evolved from the surface of the article upon which the 
deposit is taking place。 As this solution is used hot�察�a considerable 
evaporation takes place�察�which requires that additions be made to the 
solution from time to time。 If water alone be used for this purpose it 
will precipitate a great quantity of the copper as a white powder�察�but 
this is prevented by dissolving a little cyanide of potassium in the water 
at the rate of 4 ounces to the gallon。 The vessels used in factories for 
this solution are generally of copper�察�which are heated over a flue or in 
a sand´bath�察�the vessel itself serving as the positive electrode of the 
battery�察�but any vessel will suit if a copper electrode is employed when 
the vessel is not of copper。

              20。 PREPARATION OF IRON FOR COATING WITH COPPER
When it is required to cover an iron article with copper�察�it is first 
steeped in hot caustic potash or soda to remove any grease or oil。 Being 
washed from that it is placed for a short time in diluted sulphuric acid�察�
consisting of about one part acid to 16 parts of water�察�which removes any 
oxide that may exist。 It is then washed in water and scoured with sand 
till the surface is perfectly clean�察�and finally attached to the battery 
and immersed in the cyanide solution。 All this must be done with despatch 
so as to prevent the iron combining with oxygen。 An immersion of five 
minutes duration in the cyanide solution is sufficient to deposit upon the 
iron a film of copper�察�but it is necessary to the complete protection of 
the iron that it should have a considerably thick coating�察�and as the 
cyanide process is expensive�察�it is preferable when the iron has received 
a film of copper by the cyanide solution�察�to take it out�察�wash it in 
water�察�and attach to it a simple cell or weak battery�察�an
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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