aristides-第4部分

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other　wing　of　the　battle。
　　All　Greece　being　in　suspense；　and　especially　the　affairs　of　the
Athenians　unsettled；　certain　persons　of　great　families　and　possessions
having　been　impoverished　by　the　war；　and　seeing　all　their　authority
and　reputation　in　the　city　vanished　with　their　wealth；　and　others　in
possession　of　their　honours　and　places；　convened　privately　at　a
house　in　Plataea；　and　conspired　for　the　dissolution　of　the
democratic　government；　and；　if　the　plot　should　not　succeed；　to　ruin
the　cause　and　betray　all　to　the　barbarians。　These　matters　being　in
agitation　in　the　camp；　and　many　persons　already　corrupted；
Aristides；　perceiving　the　design；　and　dreading　the　present　juncture　of
time；　determined　neither　to　let　the　business　pass　unanimadverted　upon；
nor　yet　altogether　to　expose　it；　not　knowing　how　many　the　accusation
might　reach；　and　willing　to　set　bounds　to　his　justice　with　a　view　to
the　public　convenience。　Therefore；　of　many　that　were　concerned；　he
apprehended　eight　only；　two　of　whom；　who　were　first　proceeded
against　and　most　guilty；　Aeschines　of　Lampra　and　Agesias　of
Acharnae；　made　their　escape　out　of　the　camp。　The　rest　he　dismissed；
giving　opportunity　to　such　as　thought　themselves　concealed　to　take
courage　and　repent；　intimating　that　they　had　in　the　war　a　great
tribunal；　where　they　might　clear　their　guilt　by　manifesting　their
sincere　and　good　intentions　towards　their　country。
　　After　this；　Mardonius　made　trial　of　the　Grecian　courage；　by
sending　his　whole　number　of　horse；　in　which　he　thought　himself　much
the　stronger；　against　them；　while　they　were　all　pitched　at　the　foot　of
Mount　Cithaeron；　in　strong　and　rocky　places；　except　the　Megarians。
They；　being　three　thousand　in　number；　were　encamped　on　the　plain；
where　they　were　damaged　by　the　horse　charging　and　making　inroads
upon　them　on　all　hands。　They　sent；　therefore；　in　haste　to　Pausanias；
demanding　relief；　as　not　being　able　alone　to　sustain　the　great　numbers
of　the　barbarians。　Pausanias；　hearing　this；　and　perceiving　the　tents
of　the　Megarians　already　hid　by　the　multitude　of　darts　and　arrows；　and
themselves　driven　together　into　a　narrow　space；　was　at　a　loss
himself　how　to　aid　them　with　his　battalion　of　heavy…armed
Lacedaemonians。　He　proposed　it；　therefore；　as　a　point　of　emulation
in　valour　and　love　of　distinction；　to　the　commanders　and　captains
who　were　around　him；　if　any　would　voluntarily　take　upon　them　the
defence　and　succour　of　the　Megarians。　The　rest　being　backward；
Aristides　undertook　the　enterprise　for　the　Athenians；　and　sent
Olympiodorus；　the　most　valiant　of　his　inferior　officers；　with　three
hundred　chosen　men　and　some　archers　under　his　command。　These　being
soon　in　readiness；　and　running　upon　the　enemy；　as　soon　as　Masistius；
who　commanded　the　barbarians'　horse；　a　man　of　wonderful　courage　and　of
extraordinary　bulk　and　comeliness　of　person；　perceived　it；　turning　his
steed　he　made　towards　them。　And　they　sustaining　the　shock　and
joining　battle　with　him；　there　was　a　sharp　conflict；　as　though　by　this
encounter　they　were　to　try　the　success　of　the　whole　war。　But　after
Masistius's　horse　received　a　wound　and　flung　him；　and　he　falling　could
hardly　raise　himself　through　the　weight　of　his　armour；　the
Athenians；　pressing　upon　him　with　blows；　could　not　easily　get　at　his
person；　armed　as　he　was；　his　breast；　his　head；　and　his　limbs　all　over；
with　gold　and　brass　and　iron；　but　one　of　them　at　last；　running　him
in　at　the　visor　of　his　helmet；　slew　him；　and　the　rest　of　the　Persians；
leaving　the　body；　fled。　The　greatness　of　the　Greek　success　was
known；　not　by　the　multitude　of　the　slain　（for　an　inconsiderable　number
were　killed）；　but　by　the　sorrow　the　barbarians　expressed。　For　they
shaved　themselves；　their　horses；　and　mules　for　the　death　of　Masistius；
and　filled　the　plain　with　howling　and　lamentation；　having　lost　a
person；　who；　next　to　Mardonius　himself；　was　by　many　degrees　the
chief　among　them；　both　for　valour　and　authority。
　　After　this　skirmish　of　the　horse；　they　kept　from　fighting　a　long
time；　for　the　soothsayers；　by　the　sacrifices；　foretold　the　victory
both　to　Greeks　and　Persians；　if　they　stood　upon　the　defensive　part
only；　but　if　they　became　aggressors；　the　contrary。　At　length
Mardonius；　when　he　had　but　a　few　days'　provision；　and　the　Greek　forces
increased　continually　by　some　or　other　that　came　in　to　them；　impatient
of　delay；　determined　to　lie　still　no　longer；　but　passing　Asopus　by
daybreak；　to　fall　unexpectedly　upon　the　Greeks；　and　signified　the　same
over　night　to　the　captains　of　his　host。　But　about　midnight；　a
certain　horseman　stole　into　the　Greek　camp；　and　coming　to　the　watch；
desired　them　to　call　Aristides；　the　Athenian；　to　him。　He　coming
speedily；　〃I　am；〃　said　the　stranger；　〃Alexander；　king　of　the
Macedonians；　and　am　arrived　here　through　the　greatest　danger　in　the
world　for　the　goodwill　I　bear　you；　lest　a　sudden　onset　should　dismay
you；　so　as　to　behave　in　the　fight　worse　than　usual。　For　to…morrow
Mardonius　will　give　you　battle；　urged；　not　by　any　hope　of　success　or
courage；　but　by　want　of　victuals；　since；　indeed；　the　prophets　prohibit
him　the　battle；　the　sacrifices　and　oracles　being　unfavourable；　and　the
army　is　in　despondency　and　consternation；　but　necessity　forces　him
to　try　his　fortune；　or　sit　still　and　endure　the　last　extremity　of
want。〃　Alexander；　thus　saying；　entreated　Aristides　to　take　notice
and　remember　him；　but　not　to　tell　any　other。　But　he　told　him；　it　was
not　convenient　to　conceal　the　matter　from　Pausanias　（because　he　was
general）；　as　for　any　other；　he　would　keep　it　secret　from　them　till　the
battle　was　fought；　but　if　the　Greeks　obtained　the　victory；　that　then
no　one　should　be　ignorant　of　Alexander's　good…will　and　kindness
towards　them。　After　this；　the　king　of　the　Macedonians　rode　back　again；
and　Aristides　went　to　Pausanias's　tent　and　told　him　they　sent　for
the　rest　of　the　captains　and　gave　orders　that　the　army　should　be　in
battle　array。
　　Here；　according　to　Herodotus；　Pausanias　spoke　to　Aristides；　desiring
him　to　transfer　the　Athenians　to　the　right　wing　of　the　army　opposite
to　the　Persians　（as　they　would　do　better　service　against　them；
having　been　experienced　in　their　way　of　combat；　and　emboldened　with
former　victories）；　and　to　give　him　the　left；　where　the　Medizing　Greeks
were　to　make　their　assault。　The　rest　of　the　Athenian　captains　regarded
this　as　an　arrogant　and　interfering　act　on　the　part　of　Pausanias；
because；　while　permitting　the　rest　of　the　army　to　keep　their　stations；
he　removed　them　only　from　place　to　place；　like　so　many　Helots；
opposing　them　to　the　greatest　strength　of　the　enemy。　But　Aristides
said　they　were　altogether　in　the　wrong。　If　so　short　a　time　ago　they
contested　the　left　wing　with　the　Tegeatans；　and　gloried　in　being
preferred　before　them；　now；　when　the　Lacedaemonians　give　them　place　in
the　right；　and　yield　them　in　a　manner　the　leading　of　the　army；　how
is　it　they　are　discontented　with　the　honour　that　is　done　them；　and
do　not　look　upon　it　as　an　advantage　to　have　to　fight；　not　against
their　countrymen　and　kindred；　but　barbarians；　and　such　as　were　by
nature　their　enemies？　After　this；　the　Athenians　very　readily　changed
places　with　the　Lacedaemonians；　and　there　went　words　amongst　them　as
they　were　encouraging　each　other　that　the　enemy　approached　with　no
better　arms　or　stouter　hearts　than　those　who　fought　the　battle　of
Marathon；　but　had　the　same　bows　and　arrows；　and　the　same　embroidered
coats　and　gold；　and　the　same　delicate　bodies　and　effeminate　minds
within；　〃While　we　have　the　same　weapons　and　bodies；　and　our　courage
augmented　by　our　victories；　and　fight　not　like　others　in　defence　of
our　country　only；　but　for　the　trophies　of　Salamis　and　Marathon；　that
they　may　not　be　looked　upon　as　due　to　Miltiades　or　fortune；　but　to　the
people　of　Athens。〃　Thus；　therefore；　were　they　making　haste　to　change
the　order　of　their　battle。　But　the　Thebans；　understanding　it　by　some
deserters；　forthwith　acquainted　Mardonius；　and　he；　either　for　fear
of　the　Athenians；　or　a　desire　to　engage　the　Lacedaemonians；　marched
over　his　Persians　to　the　other　wing；　and　commanded　the　Greeks　of　his
party　to　be　posted　opposite　to　the　Athenians。　But　this　change　was
observed　on　the　other　side；　and　Pausanias；　wheeling　about　again；
ranged　himself　on　the　right；　and　Mardonius；　also；　as　at　first；　took
the　left　wing　over　against　the　Lacedaemonians。　So　the　day　passed
without　action。
　　After　this　the　Greeks　determined　in　council　to　remove　their　camp
some　distance；　to　possess　themselves　of　a　place　convenient　for
watering；　because　the　springs　near　them　were　polluted　and　destroyed　by
the　barbarian　cavalry。　But　night　being　come；　and　the　captains
setting　out　towards　the　place　designed　for　their　camping；　the　soldiers
were　not　very　ready　to　follow；　and　keep　in　a　body；　but；　as　soon　as
they　had　quitted　their　first　entrenchments；　made　towards　the　city　of
Plataea；　and　there　was　much　tumult　and　disorder　as　they　dispersed　to
various　quarters　and　proceeded　to　pitch　their　tents。　The
Lacedaemonians；　against　their　will；　had　the　fortune　to　be　left　by
the　rest。　For　Amompharetus；　a　brave　and　daring　man；　who　had　long
been　burning　with　desire　of　the　fight；　and　resented　their　many
lingerings　and　delays；　calling　the　removal　of　the　camp　a　mere
running　away　and　flight；　protested　he　would　not　desert　his　post；　but
would　there　remain　with　his　company　and　sustain　the　charge　of
Mardonius。　And　when　Pausanias　came　to　him　and　told　him　he　did　do　these
things　by　the　common　vote　and　determination　of　the　Greeks；
Amompharetus　taking　up　a　great　stone　and　flinging　it　at　Pausanias'
feet；　and　〃By　this　token；〃　said　he；　〃do　I　give　my　suffrage　for　the
battle；　nor　have　I　any　concern　with　the　cowardly　consultations　and
decrees　of　other　men。〃　Pausanias；　not　knowing　what　to　do　in　the
present　juncture；　sent　to　the　Athenians；　who　were　drawing　off；　to　stay
to　accompany　him；　and　so　he　himself　set　off　with　the　rest　of　the
army　for　Plataea；　hoping　thus　to　make　Amompharetus　move。
　　Meantime；　day　came　upon　them；　and　Mardonius　（for　he　was　not　ignorant
of　their　deserting　their　camp）；　having　his　army　in　array；　fell　upon
the　Lacedaemonians　with　great　shouting　and　noise　of　barbarous
people；　as　if　they　were　not　about　to　join　battle；　but　crush