aristides-第6部分

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back　again　in　one　day。〃　Most　people　believe　that　Euclia　is　Diana；
and　call　her　by　that　name。　But　some　say　she　was　the　daughter　of
Hercules；　by　Myrto；　the　daughter　of　Menoetius；　and　sister　of
Patroclus；　and　dying　a　virgin；　was　worshipped　by　the　Boeotians　and
Locrians。　Her　altar　and　image　are　set　up　in　all　their　market…places；
and　those　of　both　sexes　that　are　about　marrying　sacrifice　to　her
before　the　nuptials。
　　A　general　assembly　of　all　the　Greeks　being　called；　Aristides
proposed　a　decree　that　the　deputies　and　religious　representatives　of
the　Greek　states　should　assemble　annually　at　Plataea；　and　every
fifth　year　celebrate　the　Eleutheria　or　games　of　freedom。　And　that
there　should　be　a　levy　upon　all　Greece　for　the　war　against　the
barbarians　of　ten　thousand　spearmen；　one　thousand　horse；　and　a　hundred
sail　of　ships；　but　the　Plataeans　to　be　exempt；　and　sacred　to　the
service　of　the　gods；　offering　sacrifice　for　the　welfare　of　Greece。
These　things　being　ratified；　the　Plataeans　undertook　the　performance
of　annual　sacrifice　to　such　as　were　slain　and　buried　in　that　place；
which　they　still　perform　in　the　following　manner。　On　the　sixteenth　day
of　Maemacterion　（which　with　the　Boeotians　is　Alalcomenus）　they　make
their　procession；　which；　beginning　by　break　of　day；　is　led　by　a
trumpeter　sounding　for　onset；　then　follow　certain　chariots　loaded　with
myrrh　and　garlands；　and　then　a　black　bull；　then　come　the　young　men
of　free　birth　carrying　libations　of　wine　and　milk　in　large
two…handed　vessels；　and　jars　of　oil　and　precious　ointments；　none　of
servile　condition　being　permitted　to　have　any　hand　in　this
ministration；　because　the　men　died　in　defence　of　freedom；　after　all
comes　the　chief　magistrate　of　Plataea　（for　whom　it　is　unlawful　at
other　times　either　to　touch　iron　or　wear　any　other　coloured　garment
but　white）；　at　that　time　apparelled　in　a　purple　robe；　and；　taking　a
water…pot　out　of　the　city　record…office；　he　proceeds；　bearing　a
sword　in　his　hand；　through　the　middle　of　the　town　to　the　sepulchres。
Then　drawing　water　out　of　a　spring；　he　washes　and　anoints　the
monuments；　and　sacrificing　the　bull　upon　a　pile　of　wood；　and　making
supplication　to　Jupiter　and　Mercury　of　the　earth；　invites　those
valiant　men　who　perished　in　the　defence　of　Greece　to　the　banquet　and
the　libations　of　blood。　After　this；　mixing　a　bowl　of　wine；　and　pouring
out　for　himself；　he　says；　〃I　drink　to　those　who　lost　their　lives　for
the　liberty　of　Greece。〃　These　solemnities　the　Plataeans　observe　to
this　day。
　　Aristides　perceived　that　the　Athenians；　after　their　return　into
the　city；　were　eager　for　a　democracy；　and　deeming　the　people　to
deserve　consideration　on　account　of　their　valiant　behaviour；　as　also
that　it　was　a　matter　of　difficulty；　they　being　well　armed；　powerful；
and　full　of　spirit　with　their　victories；　to　oppose　them　by　force；　he
brought　forward　a　decree　that　every　one　might　share　in　the
government　and　the　archons　be　chosen　out　of　the　whole　body　of　the
Athenians。　And　on　Themistocles　telling　the　people　in　assembly　that
he　had　some　advice　for　them；　which　could　not　be　given　in　public；　but
was　most　important　for　the　advantage　and　security　of　the　city；　they
appointed　Aristides　alone　to　hear　and　consider　it　with　him。　And　on　his
acquainting　Aristides　that　his　intent　was　to　set　fire　to　the　arsenal
of　the　Greeks；　for　by　that　means　should　the　Athenians　become　supreme
masters　of　all　Greece；　Aristides；　returning　to　the　assembly；　told　them
that　nothing　was　more　advantageous　than　what　Themistocles　designed；
and　nothing　more　unjust。　The　Athenians；　hearing　this；　gave
Themistocles　order　to　desist；　such　was　the　love　of　justice　felt　by　the
people；　and　such　the　credit　and　confidence　they　reposed　in　Aristides。
　　Being　sent　in　joint　commission　with　Cimon　to　the　war；　he　took　notice
that　Pausanias　and　the　other　Spartan　captains　made　themselves
offensive　by　imperiousness　and　harshness　to　the　confederates；　and　by
being　himself　gentle　and　considerate　with　them；　and　by　the　courtesy
and　disinterested　temper　which　Cimon；　after　his　example；　manifested　in
the　expeditions；　he　stole　away　the　chief　command　from　the
Lacedaemonians；　neither　by　weapons；　ships；　or　horses；　but　by　equity
and　wise　policy。　For　the　Athenians　being　endeared　to　the　Greeks　by　the
justice　of　Aristides　and　by　Cimon's　moderation；　the　tyranny　and
selfishness　of　Pausanias　rendered　them　yet　more　desirable。　He　on　all
occasions　treated　the　commanders　of　the　confederates　haughtily　and
roughly；　and　the　common　soldiers　he　punished　with　stripes；　or　standing
under　the　iron　anchor　for　a　whole　day　together；　neither　was　it
permitted　for　any　to　provide　straw　for　themselves　to　lie　on；　or　forage
for　their　horses；　or　to　come　near　the　springs　to　water　before　the
Spartans　were　furnished；　but　servants　with　whips　drove　away　such　as
approached。　And　when　Aristides　once　was　about　to　complain　and
expostulate　with　Pausanias；　he　told　him　with　an　angry　look　that　he　was
not　at　leisure；　and　gave　no　attention　to　him。　The　consequence　was　that
the　sea　captains　and　generals　of　the　Greeks；　in　particular；　the
Chians；　Samians；　and　Lesbians；　came　to　Aristides　and　requested　him
to　be　their　general；　and　to　receive　the　confederates　into　his　command；
who　had　long　desired　to　relinquish　the　Spartans　and　come　over　to　the
Athenians。　But　he　answered　that　he　saw　both　equity　and　necessity　in
what　they　said；　but　their　fidelity　required　the　test　of　some　action；
the　commission　of　which　would　make　it　impossible　for　the　multitude
to　change　their　minds　again。　Upon　which　Uliades；　the　Samian；　and
Antagoras　of　Chios；　conspiring　together；　ran　in　near　Byzantium　on
Pausanias's　galley；　getting　her　between　them　as　she　was　sailing　before
the　rest。　But　when　Pausanias；　beholding　them；　arose　up　and　furiously
threatened　soon　to　make　them　know　that　they　had　been　endangering　not
his　galley；　but　their　own　countries；　they　bid　him　go　his　way；　and
thank　Fortune　that　fought　for　him　at　Plataea；　for　hitherto；　in
reverence　to　that；　the　Greeks　had　forborne　from　inflicting　on　him
the　punishment　he　deserved。　In　fine；　they　all　went　off　and　joined
the　Athenians。　And　here　the　magnanimity　of　the　Lacedaemonians　was
wonderful。　For　when　they　perceived　that　their　generals　were　becoming
corrupted　by　the　greatness　of　their　authority；　they　voluntarily　laid
down　the　chief　command；　and　left　off　sending　any　more　of　them　to　the
wars；　choosing　rather　to　have　citizens　of　moderation　and　consistent　in
the　observance　of　their　customs；　than　to　possess　the　dominion　of　all
Greece。
　　Even　during　the　command　of　the　Lacedaemonians；　the　Greeks　paid　a
certain　contribution　towards　the　maintenance　of　the　war；　and　being
desirous　to　be　rated　city　by　city　in　their　due　proportion；　they
desired　Aristides　of　the　Athenians；　and　gave　him　command；　surveying
the　country　and　revenue；　to　assess　every　one　according　to　their
ability　and　what　they　were　worth。　But　he；　being　so　largely
empowered；　Greece　as　it　were　submitting　all　her　affairs　to　his　sole
management；　went　out　poor　and　returned　poorer；　laying　the　tax　not　only
without　corruption　and　injustice；　but　to　the　satisfaction　and
convenience　of　all。　For　as　the　ancients　celebrated　the　age　of
Saturn；　so　did　the　confederates　of　Athens　Aristides's　taxation；
terming　it　the　happy　time　of　Greece；　and　that　more　especially；　as
the　sum　was　in　a　short　time　doubled；　and　afterwards　trebled。　For　the
assessment　which　Aristides　made　was　four　hundred　and　sixty　talents。
But　to　this　Pericles　added　very　near　one　third　part　more；　for
Thucydides　says　that　in　the　beginning　of　the　Peloponnesian　war　the
Athenians　had　coming　in　from　their　confederates　six　hundred　talents。
But　after　Pericles's　death。　the　demagogues；　increasing　by　little　and
little；　raised　it　to　the　sum　of　thirteen　hundred　talents；　not　so
much　through　the　war's　being　so　expensive　and　changeable　either　by　its
length　or　ill　success；　as　by　their　alluring　the　people　to　spend　upon
largesses　and　playhouse　allowances；　and　in　erecting　statues　and
temples。　Aristides；　therefore；　having　acquired　a　wonderful　and　great
reputation　by　this　levy　of　the　tribute；　Themistocles　is　said　to　have
derided　him；　as　if　this　had　been　not　the　commendation　of　a　man；　but
a　money…bag；　a　retaliation；　though　not　in　the　same　kind　for　some
free　words　which　Aristides　had　used。　For　he；　when　Themistocles　once
was　saying　that　he　thought　the　highest　virtue　of　a　general　was　to
understand　and　foreknow　the　measures　the　enemy　would　take；　replied；
〃This；　indeed；　Themistocles；　is　simply　necessary；　but　the　excellent
thing　in　a　general　is　to　keep　his　hands　from　taking　money。〃
　　Aristides；　moreover；　made　all　the　people　of　Greece　swear　to　keep　the
league；　and　himself　took　the　oath　in　the　name　of　the　Athenians；
flinging　wedges　of　red…hot　iron　into　the　sea；　after　curses　against
such　as　should　make　breach　of　their　vow。　But　afterwards；　it　would
seem；　when　things　were　in　such　a　state　as　constrained　them　to　govern
with　a　stronger　hand；　he　bade　the　Athenians　to　throw　the　perjury
upon　him；　and　manage　affairs　as　convenience　required。　And；　in　general；
Theophrastus　tells　us；　that　Aristides　was；　in　his　own　private　affairs；
and　those　of　his　fellow…citizens；　rigorously　just；　but　that　in
public　matters　he　acted　often　in　accordance　with　his　country's　policy；
which　demanded；　sometimes；　not　a　little　injustice。　It　is　reported　of
him　that　he　said　in　a　debate；　upon　the　motion　of　the　Samians　for
removing　the　treasure　from　Delos　to　Athens；　contrary　to　the　league；
that　the　thing　indeed　was　not　just　but　was　expedient。
　　In　fine；　having　established　the　dominion　of　his　city　over　so　many
people；　he　himself　remained　indigent；　and　always　delighted　as　much
in　the　glory　of　being　poor；　as　in　that　of　his　trophies；　as　is
evident　from　the　following　story。　Callias；　the　torch…bearer；　was
related　to　him；　and　was　prosecuted　by　his　enemies　in　a　capital
cause；　in　which；　after　they　had　slightly　argued　the　matters　on　which
they　indicted　him；　they　proceeded；　besides　the　point；　to　address　the
judges：　〃You　know；〃　said　they；　〃Aristides；　the　son　of　Lysimachus；
who　is　the　admiration　of　all　Greece。　In　what　a　condition　do　you
think　his　family　is　in　at　his　house；　when　you　see　him　appear　in　public
in　such　a　threadbare　cloak？　Is　it　not　probable　that