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the essays of montaigne, v10-及12何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
A man discerns in the soul of these two great men and their imitators
��for I very much doubt whether there were ever their equals�� so perfect a
habitude to virtue�察�that it was turned to a complexion。 It is no longer
a laborious virtue�察�nor the precepts of reason�察�to maintain which the
soul is so racked�察�but the very essence of their soul�察�its natural and
ordinary habit�察�they have rendered it such by a long practice of
philosophical precepts having lit upon a rich and fine nature�察�the
vicious passions that spring in us can find no entrance into them�察�the
force and vigour of their soul stifle and extinguish irregular desires��
so soon as they begin to move。
Now�察�that it is not more noble�察�by a high and divine resolution�察�to
hinder the birth of temptations�察�and to be so formed to virtue�察�that the
very seeds of vice are rooted out�察�than to hinder by main force their
progress�察�and�察�having suffered ourselves to be surprised with the first
motions of the passions�察�to arm ourselves and to stand firm to oppose
their progress�察�and overcome them�察�and that this second effect is not
also much more generous than to be simply endowed with a facile and
affable nature�察�of itself disaffected to debauchery and vice�察�I do not
think can be doubted�察�for this third and last sort of virtue seems to
render a man innocent�察�but not virtuous�察�free from doing ill�察�but not apt
enough to do well�此�considering also�察�that this condition is so near
neighbour to imperfection and cowardice�察�that I know not very well how to
separate the confines and distinguish them�此�the very names of goodness
and innocence are�察�for this reason�察�in some sort grown into contempt。
I very well know that several virtues�察�as chastity�察�sobriety�察�and
temperance�察�may come to a man through personal defects。 Constancy in
danger�察�if it must be so called�察�the contempt of death�察�and patience in
misfortunes�察�may ofttimes be found in men for want of well judging of
such accidents�察�and not apprehending them for such as they are。 Want of
apprehension and stupidity sometimes counterfeit virtuous effects as I
have often seen it happen�察�that men have been commended for what really
merited blame。 An Italian lord once said this�察�in my presence�察�to the
disadvantage of his own nation�此�that the subtlety of the Italians�察�and
the vivacity of their conceptions were so great�察�and they foresaw the
dangers and accidents that might befall them so far off�察�that it was not
to be thought strange�察�if they were often�察�in war�察�observed to provide
for their safety�察�even before they had discovered the peril�察�that we
French and the Spaniards�察�who were not so cunning�察�went on further�察�and
that we must be made to see and feel the danger before we would take the
alarm�察�but that even then we could not stick to it。 But the Germans and
Swiss�察�more gross and heavy�察�had not the sense to look about them�察�even
when the blows were falling about their ears。 Peradventure�察�he only
talked so for mirth's sake�察�and yet it is most certain that in war raw
soldiers rush into dangers with more precipitancy than after they have
been cudgelled* ��The original has eschauldexscalded��
;Haud ignarus 。 。 。 。 quantum nova gloria in armis��
Et praedulce decus�察�primo certamine possit。;
�А�Not ignorant how much power the fresh glory of arms and sweetest
honour possess in the first contest。;AEneid�察�xi。 154��
For this reason it is that�察�when we judge of a particular action�察�we are
to consider the circumstances�察�and the whole man by whom it is performed��
before we give it a name。
To instance in myself�此�I have sometimes known my friends call that
prudence in me�察�which was merely fortune�察�and repute that courage and
patience�察�which was judgment and opinion�察�and attribute to me one title
for another�察�sometimes to my advantage and sometimes otherwise。 As to
the rest�察�I am so far from being arrived at the first and most perfect
degree of excellence�察�where virtue is turned into habit�察�that even of the
second I have made no great proofs。 I have not been very solicitous to
curb the desires by which I have been importuned。 My virtue is a virtue��
or rather an innocence�察�casual and accidental。 If I had been born of a
more irregular complexion�察�I am afraid I should have made scurvy work��
for I never observed any great stability in my soul to resist passions��
if they were never so little vehement�此�I know not how to nourish quarrels
and debates in my own bosom�察�and�察�consequently�察�owe myself no great
thanks that I am free from several vices��
;Si vitiis mediocribus et mea paucis
Mendosa est natura�察�alioqui recta�察�velut si
Egregio inspersos reprehendas corpore naevos�此�
�А�If my nature be disfigured only with slight and few vices�察�and is
otherwise just�察�it is as if you should blame moles on a fair body。;
Horatius�察�Sat。�察�i。 6�察�65。��
I owe it rather to my fortune than my reason。 She has caused me to be
descended of a race famous for integrity and of a very good father�察�I
know not whether or no he has infused into me part of his humours�察�or
whether domestic examples and the good education of my infancy have
insensibly assisted in the work�察�or�察�if I was otherwise born so��
;Seu Libra�察�seu me Scorpius adspicit
Formidolosus�察�pars violentior
Natalis hors�察�seu tyrannus
Hesperive Capricornus undae�此�
�А�Whether the Balance or dread Scorpio�察�more potent over my natal
hour�察�aspects me�察�or Capricorn�察�supreme over the Hesperian sea。;
Horace�察�Od。�察�ii。 117。��
but so it is�察�that I have naturally a horror for most vices。 The answer
of Antisthenes to him who asked him�察�which was the best apprenticeship
;to unlearn evil�察─�seems to point at this。 I have them in horror�察�I say��
with a detestation so natural�察�and so much my own�察�that the same instinct
and impression I brought of them with me from my nurse�察�I yet retain�察�and
no temptation whatever has had the power to make me alter it。 Not so
much as my own discourses�察�which in some things lashing out of the common
road might seem easily to license me to actions that my natural
inclination makes me hate。 I will say a prodigious thing�察�but I will say
it�察�however�此�I find myself in many things more under reputation by my
manners than by my opinion�察�and my concupiscence less debauched than my
reason。 Aristippus instituted opinions so bold in favour of pleasure and
riches as set all the philosophers against him�此�but as to his manners��
Dionysius the tyrant�察�having presented three beautiful women before him��
to take his choice�察�he made answer�察�that he would choose them all�察�and
that Paris got himself into trouble for having preferred one before the
other two�此�but�察�having taken them home to his house�察�he sent them back
untouched。 His servant finding himself overladen upon the way�察�with the
money he carried after him�察�he ordered him to pour out and throw away
that which troubled him。 And Epicurus�察�whose doctrines were so
irreligious and effeminate�察�was in his life very laborious and devout��
he wrote to a friend of his that he lived only upon biscuit and water��
entreating him to send him a little cheese�察�to lie by him against he had
a mind to make a feast。 Must it be true�察�that to be a perfect good man��
we must be so by an occult�察�natural�察�and universal propriety�察�without
law�察�reason�察�or example�拭 �The debauches wherein I have been engaged�察�have
not been�察�I thank God�察�of the worst sort�察�and I have condemned them in
myself�察�for my judgment was never infected by them�察�on the contrary��
I accuse them more severely in myself than in any other�察�but that is all��
for�察�as to the rest。 I oppose too little resistance and suffer myself to
incline too much to the other side of the balance�察�excepting that I
moderate them�察�and prevent them from mixing with other vices�察�which for
the most part will cling together�察�if a man have not a care。 I have
contracted and curtailed mine�察�to make them as single and as simple as I
can��
;Nec ultra
Errorem foveo。;
�А�Nor do I cherish error further。;
or�此 �Nor carry wrong further。;
Juvenal�察�viii。 164。��
For as to the opinion of the Stoics�察�who say�察 �That the wise man when he
works�察�works by all the virtues together�察�though one be most apparent��
according to the nature of the action;�察�and herein the similitude of a
human body might serve them somewhat�察�for the action of anger cannot
work�察�unless all the humours assist it�察�though choler predominate��
if they will thence draw a like consequence�察�that when the wicked man
does wickedly�察�he does it by all the vices together�察�I do not believe it
to be so�察�or else I understand them not�察�for I by effect find the
contrary。 These are sharp�察�unsubstantial subleties�察�with which
philosophy sometimes amuses itself。 I follow some vices�察�but I fly
others as much as a saint would do。 The Peripatetics also disown this
indissoluble connection�察�and Aristotle is of opinion that a prudent and
just man may be intemperate and inconsistent。 Socrates confessed to some
who had discovered a certain inclination to vice in his physiognomy�察�that
it was�察�in truth�察�his natural propension�察�but that he had by discipline
corrected it。 And such as were familiar with the philosopher Stilpo
said�察�that being born with addiction to wine and women�察�he had by study
rendered himself very abstinent both from the one and the other。
What I have in me of good�察�I have�察�quite contrary�察�by the chance of my
birth�察�and hold it not either by law�察�precept�察�or any other instruction��
the innocence that is in me is a simple one�察�little vigour and no art。
Amongst other vices�察�I mortally hate cruelty�察�both by nature and
judgment�察�as the very extreme of all vices�此�nay�察�with so much tenderness
that I cannot see a chicken's neck pulled off without trouble�察�and cannot
without impatience endure the cry of a hare in my dog's teeth�察�though the
chase be a violent pleasure。 Such as have sensuality to encounter��
freely make use of this argument�察�to shew that it is altogether ;vicious
and unreasonable�察�that w
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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