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memoirs of napoleon bonaparte, v2-及20何蛍

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heard。  Our horsemen seemed to fall back as the Arabs returned to the
attack�察�and after a little contest�察�maintained with tolerable spirit�察�the
Arabs retired without loss�察�and without being molested in their retreat。
Bonaparte could no longer repress his rage�察�and when Croisier returned he
experienced such a harsh reception that the poor fellow withdrew deeply
mortified and distressed。  Bonaparte desired me to follow him and say
something to console him�此�but all was in vain。  ;I cannot survive this�察�
he said。  ;I will sacrifice my life on the first occasion that offers
itself。  I will not live dishonoured。;  The word coward had escaped the
General's lips。  Poor Croisier died at Saint Jean d'Acre。

On the 10th of July our headquarters were established at Rahmahanie'h��
where they remained during the 11th and 12th。  At this place commences
the canal which was cut by Alexander to convey water to his new city�察�and
to facilitate commercial intercourse between Europe and the East。

The flotilla�察�commanded by the brave chief of division Perree�察�had just
arrived from Rosette。  Perree was on board the xebec 'Cerf'。

     ��Bonaparte had great confidence in him。  He had commanded�察�under
     the General's orders�察�the naval forces in the Adriatic in 1797。
     Bourrienne��

Bonaparte placed on board the Cerf and the other vessels of the flotilla
those individuals who�察�not being military�察�could not be serviceable in
engagements�察�and whose horses served to mount a few of the troops。

On the night of the 14th of July the General´in´Chief directed his march
towards the south�察�along the left bank of the Nile。  The flotilla sailed
up the river parallel with the left wing of the army。  But the force of
the wind�察�which at this season blows regularly from the Mediterranean
into the valley of the file�察�carried the flotilla far in advance of the
army�察�and frustrated the plan of their mutually defending and supporting
each other。  The flotilla thus unprotected fell in with seven Turkish
gunboats coming from Cairo�察�and was exposed simultaneously to their fire
and to that of the Mamelukes�察�fellahs�察�and Arabs who lined both banks of
the river。  They had small guns mounted on camels。

Perree cast anchor�察�and an engagement commenced at nine o'clock on the
14th of July�察�and continued till half past twelve。

At the same time the General´in´Chief met and attacked a corps of about
4000 Mamelukes。  His object�察�as he afterwards said�察�was to turn the corps
by the left of the village of Chebreisse�察�and to drive it upon the Nile。

About eleven in the morning Perree told me that the Turks were doing us
more harm than we were doing them�察�that our ammunition would soon be
exhausted�察�that the army was far inland�察�and that if it did not make a
move to the left there would be no hope for us。  Several vessels had
already been boarded and taken by the Turks�察�who massacred the crews
before our eyes�察�and with barbarous ferocity showed us the heads of the
slaughtered men。

Perree�察�at considerable risk�察�despatched several persons to inform the
General´in´Chief of the desperate situation of the flotilla。  The
cannonade which Bonaparte had heard since the morning�察�and the explosion
of a Turkish gunboat�察�which was blown up by the artillery of the xebec��
led him to fear that our situation was really perilous。  He therefore
made a movement to the left�察�in the direction of the Nile and Chebreisse��
beat the Mamelukes�察�and forced them to retire on Cairo。  At sight of the
French troops the commander of the Turkish flotilla weighed anchor and
sailed up the Nile。  The two banks of the river were evacuated�察�and the
flotilla escaped the destruction which a short time before had appeared
inevitable。  Some writers have alleged that the Turkish flotilla was
destroyed in this engagement。  The truth is�察�the Turks did us
considerable injury�察�while on their part they suffered but little。  We
had twenty men killed and several wounded。  Upwards of 1500 cannon´shots
were fired during the action。

General Berthier�察�in his narrative of the Egyptian expedition�察�enumerates
the individuals who�察�though not in the military service�察�assisted Perree
in this unequal and dangerous engagement。  He mentions Monge�察�Berthollet��
Andreossy�察�the paymaster�察�Junot�察�and Bourrienne�察�secretary to the
General´in´Chief。  It has also been stated that Sucy�察�the commissary´
general�察�was seriously wounded while bravely defending a gunboat laden
with provisions�察�but this is incorrect。

We had no communication with the army until the 23d of July。  On the 22d
we came in sight of the Pyramids�察�and were informed that we were only
about�察�ten leagues from Gizeh�察�where they are situated。  The cannonade
which we heard�察�and which augmented in proportion as the north wind
diminished�察�announced a serious engagement�察�and that same day we saw the
banks of the Nile strewed with heaps of bodies�察�which the waves were
every moment washing into the sea。  This horrible spectacle�察�the silence
of the surrounding villages�察�which had hitherto been armed against us��
and the cessation of the firing from the banks of the river�察�led us to
infer�察�with tolerable certainty�察�that a battle fatal to the Mamelukes had
been fought。  The misery we suffered on our passage from Rahmahanie'h to
Gizeh is indescribable。  We lived for eleven days on melons and water��
besides being momentarily exposed to the musketry of the Arabs and the
fellahs。  We luckily escaped with but a few killed and wounded。  The
rising of the Nile was only beginning。  The shallowness of the river near
Cairo obliged us to leave the xebec and get on board a djerm。  We reached
Gizeh at three in the afternoon of the 23d of July。

When I saluted the General�察�whom I had not seen for twelve days�察�he thus
addressed me�此 �So you are here�察�are you�拭 �Do you know that you have all
of you been the cause of my not following up the battle of Chebreisse��
It was to save you�察�Monge�察�Berthollet�察�and the others on board the
flotilla that I hurried the movement of my left upon the Nile before my
right had turned Chebreisse。  But for that�察�not a single Mameluke would
have escaped。;

;I thank you for my own part�察─�replied I�察 �but in conscience could you
have abandoned us�察�after taking away our horses�察�and making us go on
board the xebec�察�whether we would or not�拭─ �He laughed�察�and then told me
how sorry he was for the wound of Sucy�察�and the death of many useful men��
whose places could not possibly be filled up。

He made me write a letter to his brother Louis�察�informing him that he had
gained a complete victory over the Mamelukes at Embabeh�察�opposite Boulac��
and that the enemy's loss was 2000 men killed and wounded�察�40 guns�察�and a
great number of horses。

The occupation of Cairo was the immediate consequence of the victory of
Embabeh。  Bonaparte established his head´quarters in the home of Elfy
Bey�察�in the great square of Ezbekye'h。

The march of the French army to Cairo was attended by an uninterrupted
succession of combats and victories。  We had won the battles of
Rahmahanie'h�察�Chebreisse�察�and the Pyramids。  The Mamelukes were defeated��
and their chief�察�Mourad Bey�察�was obliged to fly into Upper Egypt。
Bonaparte found no obstacle to oppose his entrance into the capital of
Egypt�察�after a campaign of only twenty days。

No conqueror�察�perhaps�察�ever enjoyed a victory so much as Bonaparte�察�and
yet no one was ever less inclined to abuse his triumphs。

We entered Cairo on the 24th of July�察�and the General´in´Chief
immediately directed his attention to the civil and military organization
of the country。  Only those who saw him in the vigour of his youth can
form an idea of his extraordinary intelligence and activity。  Nothing
escaped his observation。  Egypt had long been the object of his study��
and in a few weeks he was as well acquainted with the country as if he
had lived in it ten years。  He issued orders for observing the strictest
discipline�察�and these orders were punctually obeyed。

The mosques�察�the civil and religious institutions�察�the harems�察�the women��
the customs of the country´all were scrupulously respected。  A few days
after they entered Cairo the French were freely admitted into the shops��
and were seen sociably smoking their pipes with the inhabitants��
assisting them in their occupations�察�and playing with their children。

The day after his arrival in Cairo Bonaparte addressed to his brother
Joseph the following letter�察�which was intercepted and printed。  Its
authenticity has been doubted�察�but I saw Napoleon write it�察�and he read
it to me before he sent it off。

                                             CAIRO��
                              7th。 Thermidor ��25th July 1798��

     You will see in the public papers the bulletins of the battles and
     conquest of Egypt�察�which were sufficiently contested to add another
     wreath to the laurels of this army。  Egypt is richer than any
     country in the world in coin�察�rice�察�vegetables�察�and cattle。  But the
     people are in a state of utter barbarism。  We cannot procure money��
     even to pay the troops。  I maybe in France in two months。

     Engage a country´house�察�to be ready for me on my arrival�察�either
     near Paris or in Burgundy�察�where I mean to pass the winter。

     ��Bonaparte's autograph note�察�after enumerating the troops and
     warlike stores he wished to be sent�察�concluded with the following
     list��

     1st�察�a company of actors�察�2d�察�a company of dancers�察�3d�察�some dealers
     in marionettes�察�at least three or four�察�9th�察�a hundred French women��
     5th�察�the wives of all the men employed in the corps�察�6th�察�twenty
     surgeons�察�thirty apothecaries�察�and ten Physicians�察�7th�察�some
     founders�察�8th�察�some distillers and dealers in liquor�察�9th fifty
     gardeners with their families�察�and the seeds of every kind of
     vegetable�察�10th�察�each party to bring with them�此�200��000 pints of
     brandy�察�11th�察�30��000 ells of blue and scarlet cloth�察�12th�察�a supply
     of soap and oil。  Bourrienne。��

                                        ��Signed�� BONAPARTE


This announcement of his departure to his brother is corroborated by a
note which he despatched some days after�察�enumerating the supplies 
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