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03-wealth-及1何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



 

        III

 

        WEALTH

 

 

        Who shall tell what did befall��

        Far away in time�察�when once��

        Over the lifeless ball��

        Hung idle stars and suns��

        What god the element obeyed��

        Wings of what wind the lichen bore��

        Wafting the puny seeds of power��

        Which�察�lodged in rock�察�the rock abrade��

        And well the primal pioneer

        Knew the strong task to it assigned

        Patient through Heaven's enormous year

        To build in matter home for mind。

        From air the creeping centuries drew

        The matted thicket low and wide��

        This must the leaves of ages strew

        The granite slab to clothe and hide��

        Ere wheat can wave its golden pride。

        What smiths�察�and in what furnace�察�rolled

        ��In dizzy aeons dim and mute

        The reeling brain can ill compute��

        Copper and iron�察�lead�察�and gold��

        What oldest star the fame can save

        Of races perishing to pave

        The planet with a floor of lime��

        Dust is their pyramid and mole��

        Who saw what ferns and palms were pressed

        Under the tumbling mountain's breast�察。�P988

        In the safe herbal of the coal��

        But when the quarried means were piled��

        All is waste and worthless�察�till

        Arrives the wise selecting will��

        And�察�out of slime and chaos�察�Wit

        Draws the threads of fair and fit。

        Then temples rose�察�and towns�察�and marts��

        The shop of toil�察�the hall of arts��

        Then flew the sail across the seas

        To feed the North from tropic trees��

        The storm´wind wove�察�the torrent span��

        Where they were bid the rivers ran��

        New slaves fulfilled the poet's dream��

        Galvanic wire�察�strong´shouldered steam。

        Then docks were built�察�and crops were stored��

        And ingots added to the hoard。

        But�察�though light´headed man forget��

        Remembering Matter pays her debt��

        Still�察�through her motes and masses�察�draw

        Electric thrills and ties of Law��

        Which bind the strengths of Nature wild

        To the conscience of a child。



 

        _Wealth_

 

        As soon as a stranger is introduced into any compations which

all wish to have answered�察�is�察�How does that man get his living�拭 �And

with reason。  He is no whole man until he knows how to earn a

blameless livelihood。  Society is barbarous�察�until every industrious

man can get his living without dishonest customs。



        Every man is a consumer�察�and ought to be a producer。  He fails

to make his place good in the world�察�unless he not only pays his

debt�察�but also adds something to the common wealth。  Nor can he do

justice to his genius�察�without making some larger demand on the world

than a bare subsistence。  He is by constitution expensive�察�and needs

to be rich。



        Wealth has its source in applications of the mind to nature��

from the rudest strokes of spade and axe�察�up to the last secrets of

art。  Intimate ties subsist between thought and all production��

because a better order is equivalent to vast amounts of brute labor。

The forces and the resistances are Nature's�察�but the mind acts in

bringing things from where they abound to where they are wanted�察�in

wise combining�察�in directing the practice of the useful arts�察�and in

the creation of finer values�察�by fine art�察�by eloquence�察�by song�察�or

the reproductions of memory。  Wealth is in applications of mind to

nature�察�and the art of getting rich consists not in industry�察�much

less in saving�察�but in a better order�察�in timeliness�察�in being at the

right spot。  One man has stronger arms�察�or longer legs�察�another sees

by the course of streams�察�and growth of markets�察�where land will be

wanted�察�makes a clearing to the river�察�goes to sleep�察�wakes up rich。

Steam is no stronger now�察�than it was a hundred years ago�察�but is put

to better use。  A clever fellow was acquainted with the expansive

force of steam�察�he also saw the wealth of wheat and grass rotting in

Michigan。  Then he cunningly screws on the steam´pipe to the

wheat´crop。  Puff now�察�O Steam�  �The steam puffs and expands as

before�察�but this time it is dragging all Michigan at its back to

hungry New York and hungry England。  Coal lay in ledges under the

ground since the Flood�察�until a laborer with pick and windlass brings

it to the surface。  We may well call it black diamonds。  Every basket

is power and civilization。  For coal is a portable climate。  It

carries the heat of the tropics to Labrador and the polar circle�此�and

it is the means of transporting itself whithersoever it is wanted。

Watt and Stephenson whispered in the ear of mankind their secret��

that _a half´ounce of coal will draw two tons a mile_�察�and coal

carries coal�察�by rail and by boat�察�to make Canada as warm as

Calcutta�察�and with its comfort brings its industrial power。



        When the farmer's peaches are taken from under the tree�察�and

carried into town�察�they have a new look�察�and a hundredfold value over

the fruit which grew on the same bough�察�and lies fulsomely on the

ground。  The craft of the merchant is this bringing a thing from

where it abounds�察�to where it is costly。



        Wealth begins in a tight roof that keeps the rain and wind out��

in a good pump that yields you plenty of sweet water�察�in two suits of

clothes�察�so to change your dress when you are wet�察�in dry sticks to

burn�察�in a good double´wick lamp�察�and three meals�察�in a horse�察�or a

locomotive�察�to cross the land�察�in a boat to cross the sea�察�in tools

to work with�察�in books to read�察�and so�察�in giving�察�on all sides�察�by

tools and auxiliaries�察�the greatest possible extension to our powers��

as if it added feet�察�and hands�察�and eyes�察�and blood�察�length to the

day�察�and knowledge�察�and good´will。



        Wealth begins with these articles of necessity。  And here we

must recite the iron law which Nature thunders in these northern

climates。  First�察�she requires that each man should feed himself。

If�察�happily�察�his fathers have left him no inheritance�察�he must go to

work�察�and by making his wants less�察�or his gains more�察�he must draw

himself out of that state of pain and insult in which she forces the

beggar to lie。  She gives him no rest until this is done�此�she

starves�察�taunts�察�and torments him�察�takes away warmth�察�laughter��

sleep�察�friends�察�and daylight�察�until he has fought his way to his own

loaf。  Then�察�less peremptorily�察�but still with sting enough�察�she

urges him to the acquisition of such things as belong to him。  Every

warehouse and shop´window�察�every fruit´tree�察�every thought of every

hour�察�opens a new want to him�察�which it concerns his power and

dignity to gratify。  It is of no use to argue the wants down�此�the

philosophers have laid the greatness of man in making his wants few��

but will a man content himself with a hut and a handful of dried

pease�拭 �He is born to be rich。  He is thoroughly related�察�and is

tempted out by his appetites and fancies to the conquest of this and

that piece of nature�察�until he finds his well´being in the use of his

planet�察�and of more planets than his own。  Wealth requires�察�besides

the crust of bread and the roof�察 �the freedom of the city�察�the

freedom of the earth�察�travelling�察�machinery�察�the benefits of science��

music�察�and fine arts�察�the best culture�察�and the best company。  He is

the rich man who can avail himself of all men's faculties。  He is the

richest man who knows how to draw a benefit from the labors of the

greatest number of men�察�of men in distant countries�察�and in past

times。  The same correspondence that is between thirst in the

stomach�察�and water in the spring�察�exists between the whole of man and

the whole of nature。  The elements offer their service to him。  The

sea�察�washing the equator and the poles�察�offers its perilous aid�察�and

the power and empire that follow it�察 �day by day to his craft and

audacity。  ;Beware of me�察─�it says�察 �but if you can hold me�察�I am the

key to all the lands。; Fire offers�察�on its side�察�an equal power。

Fire�察�steam�察�lightning�察�gravity�察�ledges of rock�察�mines of iron�察�lead��

quicksilver�察�tin�察�and gold�察�forests of all woods�察�fruits of all

climates�察�animals of all habits�察�the powers of tillage�察�the fabrics

of his chemic laboratory�察�the webs of his loom�察�the masculine draught

of his locomotive�察�the talismans of the machine´shop�察�all grand and

subtile things�察�minerals�察�gases�察�ethers�察�passions�察�war�察�trade��

government�察�are his natural playmates�察�and�察�according to the

excellence of the machinery in each human being�察�is his attraction

for the instruments he is to employ。  The world is his tool´chest��

and he is successful�察�or his education is carried on just so far�察�as

is the marriage of his faculties with nature�察�or�察�the degree in which

he takes up things into himself。



        The strong race is strong on these terms。  The Saxons are the

merchants of the world�察�now�察�for a thousand years�察�the leading race��

and by nothing more than their quality of personal independence�察�and��

in its special modification�察�pecuniary independence。  No reliance for

bread and games on the government�察�no clanship�察�no patriarchal style

of living by the revenues of a chief�察�no marrying´on�察 �no system of

clientship suits them�察�but every man must pay his scot。  The English

are prosperous and peaceable�察�with their habit of considering that

every man must take care of himself�察�and has himself to thank�察�if he

do not maintain and improve his position in society。



        The subject of economy mixes itself with morals�察�inasmuch as it

is a peremptory point of virtue that a man's independence be secured。

Poverty demoralizes。  A man in debt is so far a slave�察�and

Wall´street thinks it easy for a _millionaire_ to be a man of his

word�察�a man of honor�察�but�察�that�察�in failing circumstances�察�no man can

be relied on to keep his integrity。  And when one 
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