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memoirs of napoleon bonaparte, v7-及2何蛍
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French troops in Holland。 A great deal was said about the views and
projects of France with respect to Turkey�察�and this complaint originated
in General Sebastiani's mission to Egypt。 On that point I can take upon
me to say that the English Government was not misinformed。 Bonaparte too
frequently spoke to are of his ideas respecting the East�察�and his project
of attacking the English power in India�察�to leave any doubt of his ever
having renounced them。 The result of all the reproaches which the two
Governments addressed to each other was�察�that neither acted with good
faith。
The First Consul�察�in a communication to the Legislative Body on the state
of France and on her foreign relations�察�had said�察 �England�察�single´
handed�察�cannot cope with France。; This sufficed to irritate the
susceptibility of English pride�察�and the British Cabinet affected to
regard it as a threat。 However�察�it was no such thing。 When Bonaparte
threatened�察�his words were infinitely more energetic。 The passage above
cited was merely au assurance to France�察�and if we only look at the past
efforts and sacrifices made by England to stir up enemies to France on
the Continent�察�we may be justified in supposing that her anger at
Bonaparte's declaration arose from a conviction of its truth。 Singly
opposed to France�察�England could doubtless have done her much harm��
especially by assailing the scattered remnants of her navy�察�but she could
have done nothing against France on the Continent。 The two powers��
unaided by allies�察�might have continued long at war without any
considerable acts of hostility。
The first effect of the declaration of war by England was the invasion of
Hanover by the French troops under General Mortier。 The telegraphic
despatch by which this news was communicated to Paris was as laconic as
correct�察�and contained�察�in a few words�察�the complete history of the
expedition。 It ran as follows�此 �The French are masters of the Electorate
of Hanover�察�and the enemy's army are made prisoners of war。; A day or
two after the shop windows of the print´sellers were filled with
caricatures on the English�察�and particularly on the Duke of Cambridge。
I recollect seeing one in which the Duke was represented reviewing his
troops mounted on a crab。 I mention these trifles because�察�as I was then
living entirely at leisure�察�in the Rue Hauteville�察�I used frequently to
take a stroll on the Boulevards�察�where I was sometimes much amused with
these prints�察�and I could not help remarking�察�that in large cities such
triffles have more influence on the public mind than is usually supposed。
The First Consul thought the taking of the prisoners in Hanover a good
opportunity to exchange them for those taken from us by the English navy。
A proposition to this effect was accordingly made�察�but the English
Cabinet was of opinion that�察�though the King of England was also Elector
of Hanover�察�yet there was no identity between the two Governments�察�of
both which George III。 was the head。 In consequence of this subtle
distinction the proposition for the exchange of prisoners fell to the
ground。 At this period nothing could exceed the animosity of the two
Governments towards each other�察�and Bonaparte�察�on the declaration of war��
marked his indignation by an act which no consideration can justify��
I allude to the order for the arrest of all the English in France
a truly barbarious measure�察�for�察�can anything be more cruel and unjust
than to visit individuals with the vengeance due to the Government whose
subjects they may happen to be�拭 �But Bonaparte�察�when under the influence
of auger�察�was never troubled by scruples。
I must here notice the fulfilment of a remark Bonaparte often made�察�use
of to me during the Consulate。 ;You shall see�察�Bourrienne�察─�he would
say�察─�what use I will make of the priests。;
War being declared�察�the First Consul�察�in imitation of the most Christian
kings of olden times�察�recommended the success of his arms to the prayers
of the faithful through the medium of the clergy。 To this end he
addressed a circular letter�察�written in royal style�察�to the Cardinals��
Archbishops�察�and Bishops of France。
It was as follows��
MONSIEURThe motives of the present war are known throughout
Europe。 The bad faith of the King of England�察�who has violated his
treaties by refusing to restore Malta to the order of St。 John of
Jerusalem�察�and attacked our merchant vessels without a previous
declaration of war�察�together with the necessity of a just defence��
forced us to have recourse to arms。 I therefore wish you to order
prayers to be offered up�察�in order to obtain the benediction of
Heaven on our enterprises。 The proofs I have received of your zeal
for the public service give me an assurance of your readiness to
conform with my wishes。
Given at St。 Cloud�察�18 Prairial�察�an XI。 ��7th June 1803��。
��Signed�� BONAPARTE。
This letter was remarkable in more than one respect。 It astonished most
of his old brothers´in´arms�察�who turned it into ridicule�察�observing that
Bonaparte needed no praying to enable him to conquer Italy twice over。
The First Consul�察�however�察�let them laugh on�察�and steadily followed the
line he had traced out。 His letter was admirably calculated to please
the Court of Rome�察�which he wished should consider him in the light of
another elder son of the Church。 The letter was�察�moreover�察�remarkable
for the use of the word ;Monsieur�察─�which the First Consul now employed
for the first time in an act destined for publicity。 This circumstance
would seem to indicate that he considered Republican designations
incompatible with the forms due to the clergy�此�the clergy were especially
interested in the restoration of monarchy。 It may�察�perhaps�察�be thought
that I dwell too much on trifles�察�but I lived long enough in Bonaparte's
confidence to know the importance he attached to trifles。 The First
Consul restored the old names of the days of the week�察�while he allowed
the names of the months�察�as set down in the Republican calendar�察�to
remain。 He commenced by ordering the Moniteur to be dated ;Saturday�察�
such a day of ;Messidor。; ;See�察─�said he one day�察 �was there ever such
an inconsistency�拭 �We shall be laughed at� �But I will do away with the
Messidor。 I will efface all the inventions of the Jacobins。;
The clergy did not disappoint the expectations of the First Consul。 They
owed him much already�察�and hoped for still more from him。 The letter to
the Bishops�察�etc。�察�was the signal for a number of circulars full of
eulogies on Bonaparte。
These compliments were far from displeasing to the First Consul�察�who had
no objection to flattery though he despised those who meanly made
themselves the medium of conveying it to him。 Duroc once told me that
they had all great difficulty in preserving their gravity when the cure
of a parish in Abbeville addressed Bonaparte one day while he was on his
journey to the coast。 ;Religion�察─�said the worthy cure�察�with pompous
solemnity�察 �owes to you all that it is�察�we owe to you all that we are��
and I�察�too�察�owe to you all that I am。;
��Not so fulsome as some of the terms used a year later when
Napoleon was made Emperor。 ;I am what I am�察─�was placed over a seat
prepared for the Emperor。 One phrase�察 �God made Napoleon and then
rested�察─�drew from Narbonne the sneer that it would have been better
if the Deity had rested sooner。 ;Bonaparte�察─�says Joseph de
Maistre�察 �has had himself described in his papers as the 'Messenger
of God。' Nothing more true。 Bonaparte comes straight from heaven��
like a thunderbolt。' ��Saints´Benve�察�Caureries�察�tome iv。 p。 203。��
CHAPTER XX。
1803。
Presentation of Prince Borghese to BonaparteDeparture for Belgium
Revival of a royal customThe swans of Amiens Change of formula
in the acts of GovernmentCompany of performers in Bonaparte's
suiteRevival of old customsDivision of the institute into four
classesScience and literatureBonaparte's hatred of literary men
DucisBernardin de Saint´PierreChenier and Lemercier
Explanation of Bonaparte's aversion to literatureLalande and his
dictionaryEducation in the hands of GovernmentM。 de Roquelaure��
Archbishop of Malines。
In the month of April 1803 Prince Borghese�察�who was destined one day to
become Bonaparte's brother´in´law by marrying the widow of Leclerc�察�was
introduced to the First Consul by Cardinal Caprara。
About the end of June Bonaparte proceeded�察�with Josephine�察�on his journey
to Belgium and the seaboard departments。 Many curious circumstances were
connected with this journey�察�of which I was informed by Duroc after the
First Consul's return。 Bonaparte left Paris on the 24th of June�察�and
although it was not for upwards of a year afterwards that his brow was
encircled with the imperial´diadem�察�everything connected with the journey
had an imperial air。 It was formerly the custom�察�when the Kings of
France entered the ancient capital of Picardy�察�for the town of Amiens to
offer them in homage some beautiful swans。 Care was taken to revive this
custom�察�which pleased Bonaparte greatly�察�because it was treating him like
a King。 The swans were accepted�察�and sent to Paris to be placed in the
basin of the Tuileries�察�in order to show the Parisians the royal homage
which the First Consul received when absent from the capital。
It was also during this journey that Bonaparte began to date his decrees
from the places through which he passed。 He had hitherto left a great
number of signatures in Paris�察�in order that he might be present�察�as it
were�察�even during his absence�察�by the acts of his Government。 Hitherto
public acts had been signed in the name of the Consuls of the Republic。
Instead of this formula�察�he substituted the name of the Government of the
Republic。 By means of this variation�察�unimportant as it might appear��
the Government was always in the place where the First Consul happened to
be。 The two other Consuls were now mere nullities�察�even in appearance。
The decrees of the Government�察�which Cambaceres signed during the
campaign of Marengo�察�were now
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