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                  The Bickerstaff´Partridge Papers 



     The Bickerstaff´ 

Partridge Papers 



                        Jonathan Swift 



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                               The Bickerstaff´Partridge Papers 



                      PREDICTIONS FOR THE YEAR 1708 



       Wherein the month�察�and day of the month are set down�察�the persons 

named�察�and the great actions and events of next year particularly related�察�

as will come to pass。 

     Written to prevent the people of England from being farther imposed 

on by vulgar almanack´makers。 

     By Isaac Bickerstaff�察�Esq。 

     I  have   long   consider'd   the   gross   abuse  of   astrology  in   this   kingdom�察�

and   upon   debating   the   matter   with   myself�察  �I   could   not   possibly   lay   the 

fault upon the art�察�but upon those gross impostors�察�who set up to be the 

artists。   I   know   several   learned   men   have   contended   that   the   whole   is   a 

cheat�察�that it is absurd and ridiculous to imagine�察�the stars can have any 

influence     at  all  upon    human      actions�察  �thoughts�察   �or   inclinations�此   �And 

whoever has not bent his studies that way�察�may be excused for thinking so�察�

when he sees in how wretched a manner that noble art is treated by a few 

mean illiterate traders between us and the stars�察�who import a yearly stock 

of nonsense�察�lyes�察�folly�察�and impertinence�察�which they offer to the world as 

genuine from the planets�察�tho' they descend from no greater a height than 

their own brains。 

     I intend in a short time to publish a large and rational defence of this 

art�察�and therefore shall say no more in its justification at present�察�than that 

it hath been in all ages defended by many learned men�察�and among the rest 

by   Socrates   himself�察  �whom   I   look   upon   as   undoubtedly   the   wisest   of 

uninspir'd mortals�此�To which if we add�察�that those who have condemned 

this art�察�though otherwise learned�察�having been such as either did not apply 

their studies this way�察�or at least did not succeed in their applications�察�their 

testimony will not be of much weight to its disadvantage�察�since they are 

liable    to  the   common       objection    of   condemning       what    they   did   not 

understand。 

     Nor am I at all offended�察�or think it an injury to the art�察�when I see the 

common   dealers   in   it�察  �the   students   in   astrology�察  �the   philomaths�察  �and   the 

rest of that tribe�察�treated by wise men with the utmost scorn and contempt�察�

but rather wonder�察�when I observe gentlemen in the country�察�rich enough 



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                                The Bickerstaff´Partridge Papers 



to serve the nation in parliament�察�poring in Partridge's almanack�察�to find 

out   the   events   of   the   year   at   home   and   abroad�察  �not   daring   to   propose   a 

hunting´match�察�till Gadbury or he have fixed the weather。 

     I   will   allow   either   of   the   two   I   have   mentioned�察  �or   any  other   of   the 

fraternity�察�to be not only astrologers�察�but conjurers too�察�if I do not produce 

a   hundred   instances   in   all   their   almanacks�察  �to   convince   any   reasonable 

man�察�that they do not so much as understand common grammar and syntax�察�

that they are not able to spell any word out of the usual road�察�nor even in 

their prefaces write common sense or intelligible English。 Then for their 

observations and predictions�察�they are such as will equally suit any age or 

country in the world。 ;This month a certain great person will be threatened 

with death or sickness。; This the news´papers will tell them�察�for there we 

find at the end of the year�察�that no month passes without the death of some 

person of note�察�and it would be hard if it should be otherwise�察�when there 

are at least two thousand persons of not in this kingdom�察�many of them old�察�

and the almanack´maker has the liberty of chusing the sickliest season of 

the year where he may fix his prediction。 Again�察 �This month an eminent 

clergyman will be preferr'd�察─�of which there may be some hundreds half of 

them   with   one   foot   in   the   grave。   Then   ;such   a   planet   in   such   a   house 

shews   great   machinations�察  �plots   and   conspiracies�察  �that   may   in   time   be 

brought to light�此─�After which�察�if we hear of any discovery�察�the astrologer 

gets the honour�察�if not�察�his prediction still stands good。 And at last�察 �God 

preserve   King   William   from   all   his   open   and   secret   enemies�察  �Amen。; 

When      if  the  King   should      happen     to  have   died�察  �the   astrologer    plainly 

foretold   it�察  �otherwise   it   passes   but   for   the   pious   ejaculation   of   a   loyal 

subject�此  �Though   it   unluckily   happen'd   in   some   of   their   almanacks�察  �that 

poor     King    William     was    pray'd   for   many     months     after   he  was    dead�察�

because it fell out that he died about the beginning of the year。 

     To mention no more of their impertinent predictions�此�What have we to 

do with their advertisements about pills and drink for the venereal disease�拭�

Or their mutual quarrels in verse and prose of Whig and Tory�察�wherewith 

the stars have little to do�拭�

     Having long observed and lamented these�察�and a hundred other abuses 

of this art�察�too tedious to repeat�察�I resolved to proceed in a new way�察�which 



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                                The Bickerstaff´Partridge Papers 



I doubt not will be to the general satisfaction of the kingdom�此�I can this 

year   produce      but   a  specimen   of    what    I   design   for   the  future�察 �having 

employ'd most part of my time in adjusting and correcting the calculations 

I   made   some   years   past�察  �because   I   would   offer   nothing   to   the   world   of 

which I am not as fully satisfied�察�as that I am now alive。 For these two last 

years   I  have not   failed in   above  one  or  two   particulars�察 �and   those   of no 

very great moment。 I exactly foretold the miscarriage at Toulon�察�with all 

its particulars�察�and the loss of Admiral Shovel�察�tho' I was mistaken as to 

the day�察�placing that accident about thirty´six hours sooner than it happen'd�察�

but upon reviewing my schemes�察�I quickly found the cause of that error。 I 

likewise foretold the Battle of Almanza to the very day and hour�察�with the 

loss on both sides�察�and the consequences thereof。 All which I shewed to 

some   friends   many   months   before   they   happened�察  �that   is�察  �I   gave   them 

papers sealed up�察�to open at such a time�察�after which they were at liberty to 

read   them�察  �and   there   they   found   my   predictions   true   in       every   article�察�

except one or two�察�very minute。 

     As for the few following predictions I now offer the world�察�I forbore to 

publish them till I had perused the several almanacks for the year we are 

now enter'd on。 I find them in all the usual strain�察�and I beg the reader will 

compare their manner with mine�此�And here I make bold to tell the world�察�

that I lay the whole credit of my art upon the truth of these predictions�察�

and I will be content�察�that Partridge�察�and the rest of his clan�察�may hoot me 

for a cheat and impostor�察�if I fail in any singular particular of moment。 I 

believe�察�any man who reads this paper�察�will look upon me to be at least a 

person   of   as   much   honesty   and   understanding�察  �as   a   common   maker   of 

almanacks。   I   do   not   lurk   in   the   dark�察  �I   am   not   wholly   unknown   in   the 

world�察�I have set my name at length�察�to be a mark of infamy to mankind�察�if 

they shall find I deceive them。 

     In one thing I must desire to be forgiven�察�that I talk more sparingly of 

home´affairs�此�As it   will be imprudence to discover   secrets of   state�察 �so   it 

would be dangerous to my person�察�but in smaller matters�察�and that are not 

of    publick    consequence�察      �I  shall   be   very    free�察 �and    the   truth   of  my 

conjectures will as much appear from those as the other。 As for the most 

signal events abroad in France�察�Flanders�察�Italy and Spain�察�I shall make no 



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                                The Bickerstaff´Partridge Papers 



scruple to predict them in plain terms�此�Some of them are of importance�察�

and I hope I shall seldom mistake the day they will happen�察�therefore�察�I 

think good to inform the reader�察�that I all along make use of the Old Style 

observed   in   England�察  �which   I   desire   he   will   compare   with   that   of   the 

news´papers�察�at the time they relate the actions I mention。 

     I must add one word more�此�I know it hath been the opinion of several 

of the learned�察�who think well enough of the true art of astrology�察�That the 

stars   do   only   incline�察  �and   not   force   the   actions   or   wills   of   men�此  �And 

therefore�察�however I may proceed by right rules�察�yet I cannot in prudence 

so confidently assure the events will follow exactly as I predict them。 

     I hope I have maturely considered this objection�察�which in some cases 

is   of   no   little   weight。   For   example�此�A  man   may�察  �by   the   influence   of   an 

over´ruling planet�察�be disposed or inclined to lust�察�rage�察�or avarice�察�and yet 

by the force of reason overcome that bad influence�察�and this was the case 

of   Socrates�此  �But   as   the   great   events   of   the   world   usually   depend   upon 

numbers of men�察�it cannot be expected they should all unite to cross their 

inclinations�察  �from   pursuing   a   general   design�察  �wherein   they   unanimously 

agree。   Besides   the   influence   of   the   stars   reaches   to   many   actions   and 

events which are not any way in the power of reason�察�as sickness�察�deat
卦指朕村 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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