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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
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22
INCREASE BY HUMILITY
At that time the deficient will be made perfect�察�the distorted will be straightened�察�the empty will be filled�察�the worn out will be renewed�察�those having little will obtain and those having much will be overcome。
Therefore the wise man�察�embracing unity as he does�察�will become the world's model。 Not pushing himself forward he will become enlightened�察�not asserting himself he will become distinguished�察�not boasting of himself he will acquire merit�察�not approving himself he will endure。 Forasmuch as he will not quarrel�察�the world will not quarrel with him。
Is the old saying�察 �The crooked shall be made straight�察─�a false saying�拭�Indeed�察�no� �They will be perfected and return rejoicing。
23
EMPTINESS AND NOT´DOING ��WU WEI��
Taciturnity is natural to man。 A whirlwind never outlasts the morning�察�nor a violent rain the day。 What is the cause�拭�It is heaven and earth。 If even heaven and earth are not constant�察�much less can man be。
Therefore he who pursues his affairs in the spirit of Tao will become Tao´like。 He who pursues his affairs with teh�察�will become teh´like。 He who pursues his affairs with loss�察�identifies himself with loss。
He who identifies himself with Tao�察�Tao rejoices to guide。 He who identifies himself with teh�察�teh rejoices to reward。 And he who identifies himself with loss�察�loss rejoices to ruin。
If his faith fail�察�he will receive no reward of faith。
24
TROUBLES AND MERIT
It is not natural to stand on tiptoe�察�or being astride one does not walk。 One who displays himself is not bright�察�or one who asserts himself cannot shine。 A self´approving man has no merit�察�nor does one who praises himself grow。
The relation of these things ��self´display�察�self´assertion�察�self´approval�� to Tao is the same as offal is to food。 They are excrescences from the system�察�they are detestable�察�Tao does not dwell in them。
25
DESCRIBING THE MYSTERIOUS
There is Being that is all´inclusive and that existed before Heaven and Earth。 Calm�察�indeed�察�and incorporeal� �It is alone and changeless��
Everywhere it functions unhindered。 It thereby becomes the world's mother。 I do not know its nature�察�if I try to characterize it�察�I will call it Tao。
If forced to give it a name�察�I will call it the Great。 The Great is evasive�察�the evasive is the distant�察�the distant is ever coming near。 Tao is Great。 So is Heaven great�察�and so is Earth and so also is the representative of Heaven and Earth。
Man is derived from nature�察�nature is derived from Heaven�察�Heaven is derived from Tao。 Tao is self´derived。
26
THE VIRTUE ��TEH�� OF DIGNITY
The heavy is the root of the light�察�the quiet is master of motion。 Therefore the wise man in all the experience of the day will not depart from dignity。 Though he be surrounded with sights that are magnificent�察�he will remain calm and unconcerned。
How does it come to pass that the Emperor�察�master of ten thousand chariots�察�has lost the mastery of the Empire�拭�Because being flippant himself�察�he has lost the respect of his subjects�察�being passionate himself�察�he has lost the control of the Empire。
27
THE FUNCTION OF SKILL
Good walkers leave no tracks�察�good speakers make no errors�察�good counters need no abacus�察�good wardens have no need for bolts and locks for no one can get by them。 Good binders can dispense with rope and cord�察�yet none can unloose their hold。
Therefore the wise man trusting in goodness always saves men�察�for there is no outcast to him。 Trusting in goodness he saves all things for there is nothing valueless to him。 This is recognizing concealed values。
Therefore the good man is the instructor of the evil man�察�and the evil man is the good man's wealth。 He who does not esteem his instructors or value his wealth�察�though he be otherwise intelligent�察�becomes confused。 Herein lies the significance of spirituality。
28
RETURNING TO SIMPLICITY
He who knows his manhood and understands his womanhood becomes useful like the valleys of earth ��which bring water��。 Being like the valleys of earth�察�eternal vitality ��teh�� will not depart from him�察�he will come again to the nature of a little child。
He who knows his innocence and recognizes his sin becomes the world's model。 Being a world's model�察�infinite teh will not fail�察�he will return to the Absolute。
He who knows the glory of his nature and recognizes also his limitations becomes useful like the world's valleys。 Being like the world's valleys�察�eternal teh will not fail him�察�he will revert to simplicity。
Radiating simplicity he will make of men vessels of usefulness。 The wise man then will employ them as officials and chiefs。 A great administration of such will harm no one。
29
NOT FORCING THINGS ��WU WEI��
One who desires to take and remake the Empire will fail。 The Empire is a divine thing that cannot be remade。 He who attempts it will only mar it。
He who seeks to grasp it�察�will lose it。 People differ�察�some lead�察�others follow�察�some are ardent�察�others are formal�察�some are strong�察�others weak�察�some succeed�察�others fail。 Therefore the wise man practices moderation�察�he abandons pleasure�察�extravagance and indulgence。
30
BE STINGY OF WAR
When the magistrate follows Tao�察�he has no need to resort to force of arms to strengthen the Empire�察�because his business methods alone will show good returns。
Briars and thorns grow rank where an army camps。 Bad harvests are the sequence of a great war。 The good ruler will be resolute and then stop�察�he dare not take by force。 One should be resolute but not boastful�察�resolute but not haughty�察�resolute but not arrogant�察�resolute but yielding when it cannot be avoided�察�resolute but he must not resort to violence。
By a resort to force�察�things flourish for a time but then decay。 This is not like the Tao and that which is not Tao´like will soon cease。
31
AVOIDING WAR
Even successful arms�察�among all implements�察�are unblessed。 All men come to detest them。 Therefore the one who follows Tao does not rely on them。 Arms are of all tools unblessed�察�they are not the implements of a wise man。 Only as a last resort does he use them。
Peace and quietude are esteemed by the wise man�察�and even when victorious he does not rejoice�察�because rejoicing over a victory is the same as rejoicing over the killing of men。 If he rejoices over killing men�察�do you think he will ever really master the Empire��
In propitious affairs the place of honor is the left�察�but in unpropitious affairs we honor the right。
The strong man while at home esteems the left as the place of honor�察�but when armed for war it is as though he esteems the right hand�察�the place of less honor。
Thus a funeral ceremony is so arranged。 The place of a subordinate army officer is also on the left and the place of his superior officer is on the right。 The killing of men fills multitudes with sorrow�察�we lament with tears because of it�察�and rightly honor the victor as if he was attending a funeral ceremony。
32
THE VIRTUE ��TEH�� OF HOLINESS
Tao in its eternal aspect is unnamable。 Its simplicity appears insignificant�察�but the whole world cannot control it。 If princes and kings employ it every one of themselves will pay willing homage。 Heaven and Earth by it are harmoniously combined and drop sweet dew。 People will have no need of rulers�察�because of themselves they will be righteous。
As soon as Tao expresses itself in orderly creation then it becomes comprehensible。 When one recognizes the presence of Tao he understands where to stop。 Knowing where to stop he is free from danger。
To illustrate the nature of Tao's place in the universe�此�Tao is like the brooks and streams in their relation to the great rivers and the ocean。
33
THE VIRTUE ��TEH�� OF DISCRIMINATION
He who knows others is intelligent�察�he who understands himself is enlightened�察�he who is able to conquer others has force�察�but he who is able to control himself is mighty。 He who appreciates contentment is wealthy。
He who dares to act has nerve�察�if he can maintain his position he will endure�察�but he�察�who dying does not perish�察�is immortal。
34
THE PERFECTION OF TRUST
Great Tao is all pervading� �It can be on both the right hand and the left。 Everything relies upon it for their existence�察�and it does not fail them。 It acquires merit but covets not the title。 It lovingly nourishes everything�察�but does not claim the rights of ownership。 It has no desires�察�it can be classed with the small。 Everything returns to it�察�yet it does not claim the right of ownership。 It can be classed with the great。
Therefore the wise man to the end will not pose as a great man�察�and by so doing will express his true greatness。
35
THE VIRTUE ��TEH�� OF BENEVOLENCE
The world will go to him who grasps this Great Principle�察�they will seek and not be injured�察�they will find contentment�察�peace and rest。
Music and dainties attract the passing people�察�while Tao's reality seen´is insipid。 Indeed it has no taste�察�when looked at there is not enough seen to be prized�察�when listened for�察�it can scarcely be heard�察�but�察�the use of it is inexhaustible。
36
EXPLANATION OF A PARADOX
That which has a tendency to contract must first have been extended�察�that which has a tendency to weaken itself must first have been strong�察�that which shows a tendency to destroy itself must first have been raised up�察�that which shows a tendency to scatter must first have been gathered。
This is the explanation of a seeming contradiction�此�the tender and yielding conquer the rigid and strong ��i。e。�察�spirit is stronger than matter�察�persuasion than force��。 The fish would be foolish to seek escape from its natural environment。 There is no gain to a nation to compel by a show of force。
37
ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT
Tao is apparently inactive ��wu wei�� and yet nothing remains undone。 If princes and kings desire to keep�� everything in order�察�they must first reform themselves。 ��If princes and kings would follow the example of Tao�察�the
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