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  to accomplish them。
  If only they take the same care in the end as they do in the beginning��
  they will avoid many failures。

  The Sage desires to be free of desires�察�so he will not
  value goods that most people value��
  He learns to unlearn��
  so he will value things that most people do not value。
  The Sage only hopes that all living things will live out their inner nature。
  He will not dare to go against Nature。

  65

  Be Wary of Acquired Knowledge

  In the ancient days the masters who succeed in following the Dao��
  Rather than making people clever��
  Would spare them from much acquired knowledge。

  The reason why people may be difficult to rule over is that
  they are too clever。
  The ruler who rules with his acquired knowledge
  is ��likely�� to hurt the nation。
  The ruler who rules not with his acquired knowledge
  is ��likely�� to benefit the nation。

  Knowing the difference between ruling with acquired knowledge and
  ruling with original knowledge
  Is close to following the right formula。
  Being always mindful of following the formula is the mystical virtue。
  The mystical virtue is deep��
  far from the crowds��
  and opposite to what people expect。
  Exactly because it is the reverse of what people expect��
  it achieves great concordance。

  66

  Rule with Humility

  The reason why the great rivers and the seas can claim
  to be the kings of the hundred valleys
  is that they lie low��
  so the water in all valleys come to them。

  The Sage who wants to be on top of his people must use humble words。
  He who wants to lead his people must follow his people。
  For these reasons�察�though the Sage is on top of his people��
  his people are not burdensome。
  Although he is ahead of his people��
  his people will do him no harm。
  He wins the heart of his people and
  is never abandoned by the people。
  Because he never struggles with anyone for favor��
  none under heaven can out´struggle him。

  67

  The Three Treasures

  All under heaven say that my Dao though great seems to be useless。
  Exactly because it is great it seems to be useless。
  If it seemed to be useful�察�in all likelihood
  it would be small�察�not great。

  I have three treasures that I keep and adhere to always。
  The first is compassion。
  The second is thrift。
  The third is humility。

  Because I am compassionate�察�I have courage。
  Because I am thrifty�察�I am generous。
  Because I am humble�察�my potential can be fully developed。

  These days people have forgotten about compassion��
  instead they are daring��
  They have forgotten about thrift��
  instead they are spendthrift��
  They have forgotten about humility��
  and they always want to be number one。
  They are doomed。

  He who fights a war with compassion will win the war。
  He who defends with compassion will hold out against his enemy。
  Heaven will help him and defend him with compassion。

  68

  The Virtue of Non´struggle

  He who can offer wise counsel will not display his wisdom。
  He who is a fine fighter will not lose temper。
  He who is good in contests will not struggle with his contestants。
  He who knows how to use people stays low and underneath them。
  This is the virtue of non´struggle。
  This is making use of others' full abilities。
  This can be said to match heaven
  And is really the best art handed down from the ancient days。

  69

  Humility and Adaptiveness in the Battlefield

  Military strategists have this dictum��
  ;When I am not ready to take the role of the host ��defend����
  I will take the role of the guest ��attack����
  When I am not ready to advance an inch��
  I will retreat a foot。;
  This is known as moving but not having a pattern of moving��
  Pushing away�察�but not showing the arms to push with��
  Dispelling�察�but not having visible enemies to dispel��
  Taking command�察�but having no armies to take command over。

  The greatest ill lies in slighting one's opponents��
  Slighting my opponent�察�I could easily lose my treasure。

  When two armies of equal strength meet in combat��
  It is the army that considers itself weak that will win。

  70

  The Rarity of Dao Followers

  What I say is easy to understand and easy to practice
  Yet few people under heaven understand and practice it。
  What I preach has a respectable ancestry��
  What I do serves a lord well。
  Yet few people are aware of this��
  And therefore few understand me。
  The fewer people know about me。
  The rarer and the better positioned
  are those who know and practice my teaching。
  The Sage is like someone hiding a precious
  jade piece underneath his clothes。

  71

  Rediscover What You Know in Your Nature

  One who knows what most people do not know is superior��
  One who forgets what one by nature knows is sick。
  The Sage is free from this sickness。
  Because he avoids the sickness�察�he is not sick。

  72

  Do Not Intimidate Others�察�Do Not Exalt Yourself

  Truly reverence´inspiring
  is he who displays nothing to intimidate his people。

  Do not despise people for their humble residences��
  Do not shun them for their modest births。
  Because you do not despise and shun them��
  They also will not despise and shun you。

  The Sage knows himself and frees himself from prejudice。
  He treasures and takes care of his own life but will not exalt himself。
  He gives something up and gains something else。

  73

  Heaven's Plans

  He who is brave enough to challenge the Dao perishes。
  He who is brave enough to revere the Dao lives。
  These two personalities�察�with their respective harms and benefits��
  will invite favor or disfavor from heaven。
  Does any one know the reason behind it��

  The way of heaven�察�the Dao�察�is apt to win benefits
  though it never struggles for any benefit。
  He who follows the Dao�察�though he never asks for any favor��
  receives the favor。
  Results come of their own accord where results are due。
  Without deliberating�察�heaven appears to have its plans。
  Although its net appears to consist of course meshes��
  No one can sneak through and escape the law。

  74

  Rely Not On the Death Penalty

  People may not be afraid of death。
  Why should we intimidate them with the threat of death��
  If people are generally afraid of death��
  And we are able to seize the exceptions and to kill them��
  Why would anyone still disregard the death penalty��
  The Lord of Killing does kill from time to time。
  Yet anyone who kills in his place
  is like someone who takes the place of the master carpenter
  and uses his sharp tools。
  It is unlikely that he can avoid hurting his own hands。

  75

  Government's Faults

  People are hungry。
  That is because the government imposes too many taxes。
  People are difficult to rule over。
  That is because the government contrives and wants to do too much。
  People do not think much of death。
  That is because the government makes life a privilege
  instead of treating it as a natural right。

  Those who makes living an unconditional right are good
  in that they pay due respect to life。

  76

  Strengths and Weaknesses

  People at birth are weak and supple。
  People at death are strong and hard。

  All living things including the trees and other
  plants are supple and weak。
  When they die�察�however�察�they all turn dry and hard。
  Being hard and strong is the way of the dead。
  Being soft and weak is the way of the alive。

  Armed forces that show their strength will not win。
  Trees that hold strong against the wind are likely
  to be blown down。
  To be strong is a disadvantage。
  To be weak is an advantage。

  77

  The Way of Heaven

  The Dao of Heaven is like pulling a bow。
  The top end comes down and the bottom end goes up。
  It takes away from those with surplus to spare
  and gives to those who are short。

  The way of Heaven takes away from those with surplus to spare
  and gives to those who are short。
  The way of men is just the opposite。
  It takes away from those who are short
  and offers to those who have more than enough。

  The Sage does his work but is not arrogant。
  He accomplishes but will not dwell on his accomplishments。
  He does not want to show off his accomplishments。

  78

  Water and the Paradoxes of Life

  Nothing under heaven is weaker than water。
  Yet nothing however proficient in attacking the strong can win over water。
  The reason is that nothing can lay a handle on water。

  The weak overcomes the strong��
  The soft overcomes the hard。
  All under heaven know about this dictum
  but few people can put it into practice。

  That is why the Sage says��
  ;Those who take what other people discard as garbage
  is the lord of Society。
  Those who love the nation when it is in the grip of misfortune
  can claim to be the king。;
  What is right often seems to be wrong。

  79

  Do Good Deeds�察�Blame No One

  Trying to neutralize a wrong with another wrong will never work��
  because there is bound to be some wrong left over。

  To return grievance or wrong with benevolence is
  the way to absolve a grievance。

  The Sage only sees to it that what is agreed is carried out��
  He will not lay the blame on anyone。
  The virtuous one only enforces contracts。
  The non´virtuous one imposes his will。

  The Way of Heaven will not favor any one in particular��
  But it will favor those who do good deeds。

  80

  A Peaceful�察�Rich�察�But Simple Life

  For a small country with a small population��
  Let there be no need to use labor´saving gadgets。
  Let people love to die where they are born
  and not want to migrate to a distant land。
  Let there be no need to use boats for long trips。
  Although the country h
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