04道德经英译本85种-第310部分

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　it。　Impalpable　and　intangiblethere　are　creatures　within　it。　Secluded　and　obscure；　there　is　vitalitywithin　it。　Its　vitality　is　exceedingly　genuine。　Within　it　there　is　regularity。From　antiquity　down　to　the　present　its　true　name　has　never　been　cast　aside；and　so　by　means　of　that　true　name　the　progenitor　of　the　multitudes　is　tobe　inspected。　How　do　I　know　the　guises　of　the　progenitor　of　the　multitudes？By　this。

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　　〃Crumpled　then　whole；　twisted　then　straight；　sunken…in　then　full；　tatteredthen　new；　having　little　then　acquiring　much；　having　much　then　being　madedeluded''…for　these　reasons；　the　Sage　embraces　the　One　to　become　thestandard　for　the　world。　He　does　not　show　himself　off　and　so　is　luminous。He　does　not　justify　himself　and　so　is　illustrious。　He　does　not　boast　ofhimself　and　so　has　merit。　He　does　not　brag　on　himself　and　so　is　seniorto　the　rest。　For　only　by　his　not　being　contentious　does　it　happen　thatnone　in　the　world　can　contend　with　him。　How　could　it　have　been　empty　wordswhen　the　ancients　said：　〃Crumpled　then　whole？''　Verily　such　a　one　shallreturn　whole　to　his　source。

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　　To　be　taciturn　is　the　way　of　nature。　For　a　gale　cannot　last　the　whole　morning。A　torrential　rain　cannot　last　the　entire　day。　What　makes　them？　Heaven　andEarth。　How　can　humans　make　things　endure　for　long　when　not　even　Heavenand　Earth　can　do　so？　So　in　engaging　in　activities；　those　who　act　in　accordwith　the　Dao　are　akin　to　the　Dao；　those　who　act　in　accord　with　Virtue　areakin　to　Virtue；　and　those　who　act　in　accord　with　Loss　are　akin　to　Loss。Those　who　act　in　accord　with　the　Dao　are　welcomed　by　the　Dao。　Those　whoact　in　accord　with　Virtue　are　welcomed　by　Virtue。　Those　who　act　in　accordwith　Loss　are　welcomed　by　Loss。

　　〃When　trust　is　inadequate；　there　will　be　untrustworthiness。''

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　　Those　who　rise　on　tiptoe　do　not　stand　firm。　Those　who　straddle　as　wideas　possible　cannot　move。　Those　who　show　themselves　off　are　not　luminous。Those　who　justify　themselves　are　not　illustrious。　Those　who　boast　of　themselveshave　no　merit。　Those　who　brag　on　themselves　do　not　stand　senior　to　others。In　respect　of　the　Dao；　these　＇behaviors＇　are　said　to　be　leftovers　and　excrescences。Creatures　always　loath　them；　and　so　those　who　have　the　Dao　do　not　involvethemselves　therewith。

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　　There　is　a　thing　that　was　turbidly　formed；　born　before　Heaven　and　Earth。Solitary　and　vacant；　it　stands　alone　and　unchanging。　It　reaches　everywherewithout　falling　into　any　danger。　It　can　be　the　mother　of　the　world。　I　knownot　its　taboo　name。　To　serve　as　a　name…for…outsiders　I　call　it　Dao；　andif　forced　to　provide　a　taboo　name　will　call　it　the　Great。　Being　great　meansgoing　forward。　Going　forward　means　being　far。　Being　far　means　turning　backon　itself。　So　the　Dao　is　great；　Heaven　is　great；　Earth　is　great；　and　theking　is　also　great。　Within　the　domain　there　are　four　greats；　and　the　theking　is　one　of　them。　Humans　model　themselves　on　Earth；　Earth　models　itselfon　Heaven；　Heaven　models　itself　on　the　Dao；　and　the　Dao　models　itself　onwhat　is　as　it　is　in　itself。

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　　Heaviness　is　the　root　of　lightness。　Tranquility　is　the　ruler　of　agitation。For　this　reason；　the　Sage　travels　all　day　without　departing　from　his　heavy…framedvehicle。　Only　when　there　are　encircling　way　stations　does　he　reside　athis　ease　in　seclusion。

　　How　can　a　ruler　of　a　myriad　chariots　treat　himself　with　levity　comparedto　the　＇things　of　the＇　world？

　　If　one　＇abandons　oneself　to＇　levity　then　one　loses　one's　roots；　andif　one　becomes　agitated　then　one　will　lose　one's　autonomy。

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　　Good　traveling　leaves　no　ruts。　Good　speech　gives　rise　to　no　reproach。　Goodreckoning　does　not　depend　on　counting　slips。　Good　closures　need　no　barsand　yet　cannot　be　opened。　Good　bonds　employ　no　rope　and　yet　cannot　be　undone。For　this　reason　the　Sage　is　always　good　at　saving　people　and　so　none　isabandoned。　He　is　always　good　at　saving　creatures　and　so　none　is　abandoned。＇This　condition＇　is　called　practicing　brightness。　So　the　good　person　isthe　teacher　of　those　who　are　not　good；　and　people　who　are　not　good　arethe　raw　materials　for　those　who　are　good。　Should　one　fail　to　value　histeacher　or　fail　to　love　his　raw　materials；　then　although　he　might　be　knowledgeable；he　would　be　yet　greatly　deluded。　This　is　spoken　of　as　the　cardinal　mystery。

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　　Know　the　male；　but　keep　to　the　female　and　be　thus　a　valley　to　the　world。When　one　is　a　valley　to　the　world；　the　constant　virtue　will　not　desertone　and　one　will　return　to　the　state　of　being　an　infant。　Know　the　whitebut　keep　to　the　black　and　be　thus　a　model　to　the　world。　If　one　is　a　modelto　the　world；　then　the　constant　virtue　will　not　decline　and　you　will　returnto　the　limitless。　Know　glory　but　keep　to　disgrace　and　so　be　a　valley　tothe　world。　If　one　is　a　valley　to　the　world　then　constant　virtue　will　besufficient　and　you　will　return　to　the　Uncarved　Block。　When　the　UncarvedBlock　is　cut　asunder　it　then　becomes　utensils。＇But＇　should　a　Sage　usesuch　a　man；　that　person　would　become　a　senior　official。　Truly　great　fabricationdoes　not　involve　cutting。

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　　Should　one　desire　to　take　the　world　and　control　it；　I　see　that　there　wouldbe　no　end　＇to　one's　involvement＇。　The　world　is　a　holy　vessel　and　cannotbe　controlled。　Those　who　try　to　control　it　harm　it。　Those　who　clutch　atit　lose　it。　For　some　things　go　before　and　some　things　follow。　Some　thingssnort　and　some　things　blow。　Some　things　are　strong　and　some　things　arepuny。　Some　things　are　nurtured　and　others　are　destroyed。　For　that　reasonthe　Sage　gets　rid　of　extremes；　extravagances；　and　excesses。

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　　Those　who　use　the　Dao　to　aid　the　masters　of　men　do　not　employ　weapons　totake　the　world　by　force。　That　tactic　is　good　at　recoiling　upon　its　origin：Where　armies　have　trodden　thorns　and　brambles　spring　up。　After　the　greatarmies　there　must　follow　bad　years。　In　the　case　of　the　good　use　of　armies；they　are　employed　only　until　results　are　obtained　and　nobody　dares　usethem　to　grab　power。　When　results　are　obtained　they　dare　not　brag。　Whenresults　are　obtained　they　dare　not　boast。　When　results　are　obtained　theydare　not　be　arrogant。　When　results　are　obtained　it　is　solely　because　therewas　no　other　way　out。　When　results　are　obtained　they　do　not　try　to　dominate。When　creatures　come　to　their　prime　they　begin　to　age。　That　is　spoken　ofas　the　Dao　（course）　of　retrograde　action。　What　is　on　the　retrograde　Daois　soon　finished。

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　　Excellent　weapons　are　inauspicious　instruments。　Creatures　always　abhorthem。　So　those　who　have　the　Dao　do　not　become　involved　with　them。　Whenthe　ruler　resides　at　peace　he　values　the　left；　and　when　he　takes　up　armshe　values　the　right。　Arms　are　inauspicious　instruments；　not　the　instrumentsfit　for　a　noble　man。　Only　when　there　is　no　alternative　does　he　resort　tothem。＇And　then＇　placidity　and　blandness　are　the　best。　He　does　not　regardvictory　as　glorious。　Those　who　glorify　victory　exult　in　killing　people。Now　those　who　exult　in　killing　people　cannot　achieve　their　aspirationsin　this　world。　For　auspicious　affairs　one　elevates　the　left。　For　inauspiciousaffairs　one　elevates　the　right。　The　lieutenant　generals　take　their　stationson　the　left。　The　full　generals　reside　on　the　right。＇Because　the　rightis　the　side　of　mourning；　the　above　discussion＇　means　one　ought　to　treat＇military＇　affairs　with　the　rites　of　mourning。　Because　of　the　large　numbersof　people　who　are　killed；　they　are　to　be　wept　for　with　sorrow。　Victoryin　war　should　be　treated　with　the　rites　of　mourning。

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　　The　Dao　is　always　nameless。　Although　the　Uncarved　Block　is　insignificant；nothing　in　the　world　can　subordinate　it。　If　the　lords　and　kings　can　holdfast　to　it；　then　the　myriad　creatures　will　come　to　be　their　vassals　oftheir　own　accord。

　　Heaven　and　Earth　will　couple　in　order　to　let　the　sweet　dew　fall。　Althoughno　people　shall　so　command；　the　＇distribution　of　sweet　dew＇　will　be　equitableof　its　own　accord。

　　Only　after　fabrication　occurs　are　there　names；　and　once　there　are　namespeople　ought　to　know　where　to　stop；　for　by　knowing　where　to　stop　they　canescape　danger。

　　For　example；　the　Dao　in　relation　to　the　world　is　like　the　way　the　streamsand　valleys　supply　＇water　to＇　the　rivers　and　oceans。

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　　Those　who　know　other　people　are　knowledgeable。
　　Those　who　know　themselves　are　enlightened。

　　Those　who　overcome　other　people　are　forceful。
　　Those　who　overcome　themselves　are　strong。

　　Those　who　know　when　they　have　enough　are　rich。
　　Those　who　act　strongly　have　aspirations。

　　Those　who　do　not　lose　their　positions　are　long　enduring。
　　Those　who　die　and　yet　do　not　perish　have　life　everlasting。

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　　The　great　Dao　reaches　everywhere　without　regard　to　direction。　The　myriadcreatures　depend　on　it　to　reproduce　themselves　and　be　born；　and　none　aredenied。　When　accomplishments　are　made　＇the　Dao＇　does　not　claim　them。　Itfeeds　and　clothes　the　myriad　creatures　and　does　not　act　as　their　master。Constantly　without　desire　＇in　regard　of　the　myriad　creatures＇　it　can　becalled　insignificant。　The　myriad　creatures　take　refuge　therein　and　yetit　does　not　act　as　their　master；　so　it　can　be　called　great。　Because　itnever　takes　itself　to　be　great　it　can　therefore　accomplish　its　own　greatness。

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　　Grasp　the　great　Image　and　＇all　in＇　the　world　will　approach。　They　approachand　are　not　injured；　thus　great　is　their　peace　and　tranquility。　When　thereis　music　and　food；　the　passing　travellers　will　stop　in。＇But＇　the　Dao　whenexpressed　in　words　is　found　bland　and　flavorless；　when　looked　at　providesnothing　to　see；　when　listened　to　provides　nothing　to　hear。＇Yet＇　when　putinto　use；　there　is　no　way　to　exhaust　it。

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　　If　one　would　contract　something；　then　one　must　first　resolutely　spreadit　out。　If　one　would　weaken　something；　then　one　must　first　resolutely　strengthenit。　If　one　would　have　a　thing　be　discarded　one　must　first　resolutely　causeit　to　flourish。　If　one　would　seize　something　one　must　first　resolutelygive　it　away。　This　＇approach＇　is　called　subtle　discernment。　The　pliantand　weak　overcome　the　rigid　and　strong。＇So＇　fish　cannot　leave　the　depthsand　the　sharp　instruments　of　the　state　cannot　be　shown　＇to　threaten＇　thepeople。

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　　The　Dao　never　employs　forceful　action　yet　there　is　nothing　it　fails　todo。　If　the　lords　and　rulers　can　ho