嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

cyprus, as i saw it in 1879-及70何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


1877         93��805                    1877            41��920
1878        101��457                    1878            99��714


The principal articles of export from Limasol are wine and caroubs�察�and
the general production of these items has been as follows��

Year。                  Okes。              Year。                 Tons。

1875      Wine      4��811��732              1875    Caroubs      8��690
1876        ;       3��710��884              1876      ;          6��080
1877        ;       2��208��617              1877      ;          6��520
1878        ;       5��795��109              1878      ;          4��345


The different descriptions of wine and spirits produced in the 
Limasol district during the last four years are as follows��
values in okes��


Year。       Raki or          ´Wine。
          native brandy      Commanderiea。     Red Wine。     Black Wine。
1875      467��711             173��946            85��008       4��056��067
1876      251��298              87��585            56��434       2��815��567
1877      181��269              45��522            38��563       1��943��290
1878      378��694             180��103           133��555       5��102��757


In the year 1878 the goods exported from Limasol may be approximately
represented by


Cotton for Austria 。 。 。 。 10��000 okes valued at    500 pounds sterling。
Wool for France c。 。 。 。 。  9��500 okes valued at    560 pounds。
Rags for Italy 。 。 。 。 。 。 77��600 okes valued at    700 pounds。
Sumach in leaf for 
          Greece。 。 。 。 。 110��000 okes valued at    500 pounds。
Black wine for
          Turkey。 。 。 。 1��850��000 okes valued at 25��000 pounds。
Commanderia for
          Austria 。 。 。 。 155��000 okes valued at  2��075 pounds。
Caroubs for
England�察�France��
Russia�察�and Italy 。 。 。 。  10��000 tons valued at 33��000 pounds。
Raisins for Austria��
France�察�and Turkey 。 。 。 。 90��000 okes valued at    850 pounds。
Skins for Greece 。 。 。 。 。 。9��800 okes valued at  1��025 pounds。
Sundries 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 valued at 11��000 pounds。

Total value of exports。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。  75��210 pounds sterling。

        
The tobacco produced in the districts of Limasol and Baffo and at Lefka��
inclusive�察�is a mere trifle compared to the capabilities of the
island��


   In 1875 the crop amounted to 1��395 okes。
      1876           ;          1��280   ;
      1877           ;            857   ;
      1878           ;          1��731   ;


This is only worth enumeration as an example of the utter insignificance
of the production�察�which should be an important item in the agricultural
wealth of the island。 The greater portion of the tobacco consumed in
Cyprus is imported in bales from Salonica�察�and is consigned to
manufacturers who divide and classify the leaves�察�which are cut�察�and
formed into packets bearing the Custom House stamps�察�supplied upon
purchase。 Limasol alone imports about 20��000 okes�察�which are forwarded
from Larnaca�察�where the duty is paid。 No export duties of any
description are levied upon goods from this island。

The direct benefit to the Cypriotes conferred by the British occupation
was exhibited in the sudden rise of value both in real property and in
labour。 The rental of houses within the principal towns was trebled�察�and
it would be difficult to establish an average price of land either in
towns�察�or upon the outskirts�察�as the prices demanded have been in most
instances fictitious�察�representing the desires of the seller�察�but in no
way verifying the actual selling value。 I have only heard of a few small
plots that have changed hands at quadruple their former estimate�察�and as
a rule there are few buyers during this period of uncertainty respecting
the permanence of our occupation�察�but owners hold out in the hope of an
ultimate decision in favour of British absolute possession。 In the town
of Limasol there has been a decided rise in the general value of
property�察�which is due to the steady improvement of the trade�察�and does
not represent a mere speculative impulse as in Larnaca�察�which has
suffered by a subsequent reaction。 The municipal receipts of Limasol
have increased from 207 pounds sterling in the twelve months ending 30th
September�察�1878�察�to 1718 pounds in the ten months of 1879。 This has
certainly been due to the energy of Colonel Warren�察�R。 A。�察�the chief
commissioner of the district�察�to whom I am indebted for all statistics
connected with the locality。

The position of a district chief commissioner was by no means enviable
in Cyprus。 The pay was absurdly small�察�and he was obliged to institute
reforms both for sanitary and municipal interests which necessitated an
outlay�察�and increased the local taxation。 The population had been led to
expect a general diminution of imposts upon the suddenly´conceived
British occupation�察�and the Cypriotes somewhat resembled the frogs in
the fable when the new King Log arrived with a tremendous splash which
created waves of hope upon the surface of the pool�察�but subsided into
disappointment�察�they found that improvements cost money�察�and that
British reforms�察�although they bestowed indirect benefits�察�were
accompanied by a direct expenditure。 The calm apathy of a Cypriote is
not easily disturbed�察�he is generally tolerably sober�察�or if drunk�察�he
is seldom the ;WORSE for liquor�察─�but rather the better�察�as his usual
affectionate disposition may be slightly exaggerated�察�instead of
becoming pugnacious and abusive like the inebriated Briton。 There are no
people more affectionate in their immediate domestic circle�察�or more
generally courteous and gentle�察�than the Cypriotes�察�but like a good many
English people�察�they have an aversion to increased taxation。 Thus��
although the British commissioners of districts vied with each other in
a healthy ambition to exhibit a picture of paradise in their special
localities�察�the people grumbled at the cost of cleanliness and health
within their towns�察�and would have preferred the old time of
manure´heaps and bad smells gratis to the new regime of civilisation for
which they had to pay。

The Greek element is generally combustible�察�and before the first year of
our occupation had expired various causes of discontent awakened
Philhellenic aspirations�察�a society was organised under the name of the
;Cypriote Fraternity�察─�as a political centre from which emissaries would
be employed for the formation of clubs in various districts with the
object of inspiring the population with the noble desire of adding
Cyprus to the future Greek kingdom。 Corfu had been restored to Greece��
why should not Cyprus be added to her crown�拭�There would be sympathisers
in the British Parliament�察�some of whom had already taken up the cause
of the Greek clergy in their disputes with the local authorities�察�and
the Greeks of the island had discovered that no matter what the merits
of their case might be�察�they could always depend upon some members of
the House of Commons as their advocates�察�against the existing government
and their own countrymen。 Under these favourable conditions for
political agitation the ;Cypriote Fraternity; has commenced its
existence。 I do not attach much importance to this early conceived
movement�察�as Greeks�察�although patriotic�察�have too much shrewdness to
sacrifice an immediate profit for a prospective shadow。 The island
belongs at this moment to the Sultan�察�and the English are simply tenants
under stipulated conditions。 Before Cyprus could belong to Greece it
must be severed from the Ottoman Empire�察�and should England be
sufficiently wayward to again present herself to the world as the
spoiled child of fortune�察�and deliver over her new acquisition according
to the well´remembered precedent of Corfu�察�the monetary value of all
property in Cyprus would descend to zero�察�and the ;Cypriote Fraternity�察�
if householders or landowners�察�would raise the Greek standard over
shattered fortunes。

The total of population within the entire district of Limasol in 1879
represented 23��530�察�comprising 12��159 males and 11��371 females�察�of all
ages。

The following list is the official enumeration of animals and trees
within the same province��


                        ANIMALS。

Cattle。   Mules。    Horses。    Donkeys。    Pigs。    Goats。    Sheep。
6��006     1��812      1��129       4��026    2��138    19��896    11��790



                         TREES。

         Caroubs。    Olives。     Walnuts。
         267��779     114��413         957

  Natural pine and Cyprus forests�察�with oak�察�&c。�察�not counted。


                            VINEYARDS。

                        Cultivated land。      Uncultivated land。
       40��642 donums。    114��650 donums。         21��180 donums。


According to this official statistical representation the cultivated
land would be in proportion to the population about five donums�察�or two
and a half acres�察�per individual。

The question of ownership of lands will eventually perplex the
government to a greater extent than many persons would imagine�察�and the
difficulty attending the verification of titles will increase with every
year's delay。

Before the British occupation�察�land was of little value�察�and an extreme
looseness existed in the description of boundaries and landmarks。 In the
absence of fences the Cypriote can generally encroach upon any land
adjoining his limit�察�should it belong to the state。 Every season he can
drive his plough a few paces further into his neighbour's holding��
unless prevented�察�until by degrees he succeeds in acquiring a
considerable accession。 The state is the sufferer to an enormous extent
by many years of systematic invasion。 Forest land has been felled and
cleared by burning�察�and the original site is now occupied by vineyards。
The bribery and corruption that pervaded all classes of officials prior
to the British occupation enabled an individual to silence the local
authority�察�while he in many instances more than doubled his legal
holding。 The absence of defined boundaries has facilitated these
encroachments。 According to an official report this difficulty is dwelt
upon most forcibly as requiring immediate investigation。 The vague
definition in title´deeds�察�which simply mentions the number of donums��
affords no means of proving an unjust extension
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��4�� 家��3��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��