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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

shorter logic-及61何蛍

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'conclude' to do something�此�a phrase which implies that we were�察�so to speak�察�open and
accessible to this or that determination。 Similarly we also at a further step speak of a man
'resolving' to do something�察�meaning that the agent steps forward out of his self´regarding
inwardness and enters into dealings with the environing objectivity。 This supplies the step from the
merely Subjective End to the purposive action which tends outwards。 



                                  ′ 207

��1�� The first syllogism of the final cause represents the Subjective End。 The
universal notion is brought to unite with individuality by means of particularity�察�so
that the individual as self´determination acts as judge。 That is to say�察�it not only
particularises or makes into a determinate content the still indeterminate universal��
but also explicitly puts an antithesis of subjectivity and objectivity�察�and at the
same time is in its own self a return to itself�察�for it stamps the subjectivity of the
notion�察�presupposed as against objectivity�察�with the mark of defect�察�in comparison
with the complete and rounded totality�察�and thereby at the same time turns
outwards。 



                                  ′ 208

��2�� This action which is directed outwards is the individuality�察�which in the
Subjective End is identical with the particularity under which�察�along with the
content�察�is also comprised the external objectivity。 It throws itself in the first place
immediately upon the object�察�which it appropriates to itself as a Means。 The
notion is this immediate power�察�for the notion is the self´identical negativity�察�in
which the being of the object is characterised as wholly and merely ideal。 The
whole Middle Term is this inward power of the notion�察�in the shape of an agency��
with which the object as Means is immediately united and in obedience to which
it stands。 

In finite teleology the Middle Term is broken up into two elements external to
each other�察。�a�� the action and ��b�� the object which serves as Means。 The relation
of the final cause as power to this object�察�and the subjugation of the object to it��
is immediate ��it forms the first premise in the syllogism�� to this extent�察�that in the
teleological notion as the self´existent ideality the object is put as potentially null。
This relation�察�as represented in the first premise�察�itself becomes the Middle Term��
which at the same time involves the syllogism�察�that through this relation´in which
the action of the End is contained and dominant´the End is coupled with
objectivity。 

                                  ′ 208n

The execution of the End is the mediated mode of realising the End�察�but the immediate realisation
is not less needful。 The End lays hold of the object immediately�察�because it is the power over the
object�察�because in the End particularity�察�and in particularity objectivity also�察�is involved。 A living
being has a body�察�the soul takes possession of it and without intermediary has objectified itself in
it。 The human soul has much to do�察�before it makes its corporeal nature into a means。 Man must��
as it were�察�take possession of his body�察�so that it may be the instrument of his soul。 



                                  ′ 209

��3��Purposive action�察�with its Means�察�is still directed outwards�察�because the End is
also not identical with the object�察�and must consequently first be mediated with it。
The Means in its capacity of object stands�察�in this second premise�察�in direct
relation to the other extreme of the syllogism�察�namely�察�the material or objectivity
which is presupposed。 This relation is the sphere of chemism and mechanism��
which have now become the servants of the Final Cause�察�where lies their truth
and free notion。 Thus the Subjective End�察�which is the power ruling these
processes�察�in which the objective things wear themselves out on one another��
contrives to keep itself free from them�察�and to preserve itself in them。 Doing so�察�it
appears as the Cunning of reason。 

                                  ′ 209n

Reason is as cunning as it is powerful。 Cunning may be said to lie in the intermediative action
which�察�while it permits the objects to follow their own bent and act upon one another till they
waste away�察�and does not itself directly interfere in the process�察�is nevertheless only working out
its own aims。 With this explanation�察�Divine Providence may be said to stand to the world and its
process in the capacity of absolute cunning。 God lets men do as they please with their particular
passions and interests�察�but the result is the accomplishment of´not their plans�察�but his�察�and these
differ decidedly from the ends primarily sought by those whom he employs。 



                                  ′ 210

The Realised End is thus the overt unity of subjective and objective。 It is
however essentially characteristic of this unity�察�that the subjective and objective
are neutralised and cancelled only in the point of their one´sidedness�察�while the
objective is subdued and made conformable to the End�察�as the free notion�察�and
thereby to the power above it。 The End maintains itself against and in the
objective�此�for it is no mere one´sided subjective or particular�察�it is also the
concrete universal�察�the implicit identity of both。 This universal�察�as simply reflected
in itself�察�is the content which remains unchanged through all the three termini of
the syllogism and their movement。 



                                  ′ 211

In Finite Design�察�however�察�even the executed End has the same radical rift or
flaw as had the Means and the initial End。 We have got therefore only a form
extraneously impressed on a pre´existing material�此�and this form�察�by reason of the
limited content of the End�察�is also a contingent characteristic。 The End achieved
consequently is only an object�察�which again becomes a Means or material for
other Ends�察�and so on for ever。 



                                  ′ 212

But what virtually happens in the realising of the End is that the one´sided
subjectivity and the show of objective independence confronting it are both
cancelled。 In laying hold of the means�察�the notion constitutes itself the very
implicit essence of the object。 In the mechanical and chemical processes�察�the
independence of the object has been already dissipated implicitly�察�and in the
course of their movement under the dominion of the End�察�the show of that
independence�察�the negative which confronts the Notion�察�is got rid of。 But in the
fact that the End achieved is characterised only as a Means and a material�察�this
object�察�viz。 the teleological�察�is there and then put as implicitly null�察�and only
'ideal'。 This being so�察�the antithesis between form and content has also vanished。
While the End by the removal and absorption of all form´characteristics coalesces
with itself�察�the form as self´identical is thereby put as the content�察�so that the
notion�察�which is the action of form�察�has only itself for content。 Through this
process�察�therefore�察�there is made explicitly manifest what was the notion of
design�此�viz。 the implicit unity of subjective and objective is now realised。 And this
is the Idea。 

                                  ′ 212n

This finitude of the End consists in the circumstance�察�that�察�in the process of realising it�察�the material��
which is employed as a means�察�is only externally subsumed under it and made conformable to it。
But�察�as a matter of fact�察�the object is the notion implicitly�此�and thus when the notion�察�in the shape of
End�察�is realised in the object�察�we have but the manifestation of the inner nature of the object itself。
Objectivity is thus�察�as it were�察�only a covering under which the notion lies concealed。 Within the
range of the finite we can never see or experience that the End has been really secured。 The
consummation of the infinite End�察�therefore�察�consists merely in removing the illusion which makes it
seem yet unaccomplished。 The Good�察�the absolutely Good�察�is eternally accomplishing itself in the
world�此�and the result is that it need not wait upon us�察�but is already by implication�察�as well as in full
actuality�察�accomplished。 This is the illusion under which we live。 It alone supplies at the same time
the actualising force on which the interest in the world reposes。 

In the course of its process the Idea creates that illusion�察�by setting an antithesis to confront it�察�and
its action consists in getting rid of the illusion which it has created。 Only out of this error does the
truth arise。 In this fact lies the reconciliation with error and with finitude。 Error or other´being��
when superseded�察�is still a necessary dynamic element of truth�此�for truth can only be where it
makes itself its own result。 




Third Subdivision of The Logic�察�The Doctrine of the Notion
                             C。 THE IDEA



                       Development of The Idea
             ��Life�А � ��Cognition�А � ��Absolute Idea��



                                   ′213

The Idea is truth in itself and for itself ! the absolute unity of the notion and
objectivity。 Its 'ideal' content is nothing but the notion in its detailed terms�此�its
'real' content is only the exhibition which the notion gives itself in the form of
external existence�察�while yet�察�by enclosing this shape in its ideality�察�it keeps it in its
power�察�and so keeps itself in it。 

The definition�察�which declares the Absolute to be the Idea�察�is itself absolute。 All
former definitions come back to this。 The Idea is the And yet�察�again�察�everything
actual�察�in so far as it is true�察�is the Idea�察�and has its truth by and in virtue of the
Idea alone。 Every individual being is some one aspect of the Idea�此�for which��
therefore�察�yet other actualities are needed�察�which in their turn appear to have a
self´subsistence of their own。 It is only in them altogether and in their relation that
the notion is realised。 

The individual by itself does not correspond to its notion。 It is this limitation of its
existence which constitutes the finitude and the ruin of the individual。 

The Idea itself is not to be taken as an idea of something or other�察�any more than
the notion is to be taken as merely a specific notion。 The Absolute is
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