嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

proposed roads to freedom(宥吏徭喇岻揃)-及38何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



must   be   gradual。   But   as   a   gradual   process   it   is   perfectly   possible�察  �and 

when      it  has   been   completed       we   may     hope    to  see   the   principles    of 

Anarchism embodied in the management of communal affairs。 

     How will the economic and political system that we have outlined bear 

on the evils of character�拭�I believe the effect will be quite extraordinarily 

beneficent。 

     The process of leading men's thought and imagination away from the 

use of   force   will   be greatly  accelerated   by  the   abolition of   the   capitalist 

system�察�provided it is not succeeded by a form of State Socialism in which 

officials have enormous power。 At present�察�the capitalist has more control 

over   the   lives   of   others   than   any   man   ought   to   have�察  �his   friends   have 

authority   in    the   State�察  �his   economic   power   is   the   pattern   for   political 

power。   In   a   world   where   all   men   and   women   enjoy   economic   freedom�察�

there will not be the same habit of command�察�nor�察�consequently�察�the same 

love of despotism�察�a gentler type of character than that now prevalent will 



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gradually   grow      up。  Men     are  formed    by   their  circumstances�察     �not  born 

ready´ made。 The bad effect of the present economic system on character�察�

and the immensely better effect to be expected from communal ownership�察�

are among the strongest reasons for advocating the change。 

     In the world as we have been imagining fit�察�economic fear and most 

economic hope will be alike removed out of life。 No one will be haunted 

by the dread of poverty or driven into ruthlessness by the hope of wealth。 

There will not be the distinction of social classes which now plays such an 

immense part in life。 The unsuccessful professional man   will not live   in 

terror lest his children should sink in the scale�察�the aspiring employe will 

not be looking forward to the day when he can become a sweater in his 

turn。 Ambitious young men will have to dream other daydreams than that 

of business success and wealth wrung out of the ruin of competitors and 

the degradation of labor。 In such a world�察�most of the nightmares that lurk 

in the background of men's minds will no longer exist�察�on the other hand�察�

ambition and the desire to excel will have to take nobler forms than those 

that are encouraged by a commercial society。 All those activities that really 

confer benefits upon mankind will be open�察�not only to the fortunate few�察�

but to all who have sufficient ambition and native aptitude。 Science�察�labor´ 

saving     inventions�察  �technical   progress   of   all   kinds�察  �may   be   confidently 

expected to flourish far more than at present�察�since they will be the road to 

honor�察�and honor will have to   replace money among those of the   young 

who   desire   to   achieve   success。 Whether   art   will   flourish   in   a   Socialistic 

community depends upon the form of Social´ ism adopted�察�if the State�察�or 

any   public   authority�察  。�no   matter   what���察  �insists   upon   controlling   art�察  �and 

only   licensing     those   whom   it   regards    as  proficient�察  �the  result   will  be 

disaster。 But if there is real freedom�察�allowing every man who so desires to 

take   up   an   artist's   career   at   the   cost   of   some   sacrifice   of   comfort�察  �it   is 

likely    that   the   atmosphere      of  hope�察   �and    the   absence    of   economic 

compulsion�察�will lead to a much smaller waste of talent than is involved in 

our present system�察�and to a much less degree of crushing of impulse in 

the mills of the struggle for life。 

     When elementary needs have been satisfied�察�the serious happiness of 

most men depends upon two things�此�their work�察�and their human relations。 



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In the world that we have been picturing�察�work will be free�察�not excessive�察�

full of the interest that belongs to a collective enterprise in which there is 

rapid   progress�察  �with   something   of   the   delight   of   creation   even   for   the 

humblest unit。 And in human relations the gain will be just as great as in 

work。 The only human relations that have value are those that are rooted in 

mutual   freedom�察       �where   there   is   no   domination   and   no   slavery�察  �no   tie 

except   affection�察  �no   economic   or   conventional   necessity   to   preserve   the 

external show when the inner life is dead。 One of the most horrible things 

about commercialism is the way in which it poisons the relations of men 

and women。 The evils of prostitution are generally recognized�察�but�察�great 

as   they  are�察  �the   effect   of   economic   conditions   on   marriage   seems   to   me 

even     worse。     There    is  not   infrequently�察     �in  marriage�察    �a   suggestion     of 

purchase�察�of acquiring a woman on condition of keeping her in a certain 

standard   of   material   comfort。   Often   and   often�察  �a   marriage   hardly   differs 

from prostitution except by being harder to escape from。 The whole basis 

of   these   evils   is   economic。   Economic   causes   make   marriage   a   matter   of 

bargain and contract�察�in which affection is quite secondary�察�and its absence 

constitutes no recognized reason for liberation。 Marriage should be a free�察�

spontaneous meeting of mutual instinct�察�filled with happiness not unmixed 

with a feeling akin to awe�此�it should involve that degree of respect of each 

for the other that makes even the most trifling interference with liberty an 

utter impossibility�察�and a common life enforced by one against the will of 

the other an unthinkable thing of deep horror。 It is not so that marriage is 

conceived by lawyers who make settlements�察�or by priests who give   the 

name of   ``sacrament'' to   an institution   which pretends   to find   something 

sanctifiable in the brutal lusts or drunken cruelties of a legal husband。 It is 

not   in   a   spirit   of   freedom   that   marriage   is   conceived   by   most   men   and 

women at present�此�the law makes it an opportunity for indulgence of the 

desire   to   interfere�察  �where   each   submits   to   some   loss   of   his   or   her   own 

liberty�察  �for   the   pleasure   of   curtailing   the   liberty   of   the   other。   And   the 

atmosphere of   private   property  makes   it   more   difficult   than   it   otherwise 

would be for any better ideal to take root。 

     It   is   not   so   that   human   relations   will   be   conceived     when   the   evil 

heritage of economic slavery has ceased to mold our instincts。 Husbands 



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and wives�察�parents and children�察�will be only held together by affection�此�

where that has died�察�it will be recognized that nothing worth preserving is 

left。   Because   affection   will   be   free�察  �men   and   women   will   not   find   in 

private life an outlet and stimulus to the love of domineering�察�but all that is 

creative   in   their   love   will   have   the   freer   scope。   Reverence   for   whatever 

makes   the   soul   in   those   who   are   loved   will   be   less   rare   than   it   is   now�此�

nowadays�察  �many   men   love   their   wives   in   the   way   in   which   they   love 

mutton�察�as something to devour and destroy。 But in the love that goes with 

reverence   there   is   a   joy   of   quite   another   order   than   any   to   be   found   by 

mastery�察  �a   joy   which   satisfies   the   spirit   and   not   only   the   instincts�察  �and 

satisfaction of instinct and   spirit   at   once is   necessary  to   a   happy  life�察  �or 

indeed to any existence that is to bring out the best impulses of which a 

man or woman is capable。 

     In the world which we should wish to see�察�there will be more joy of 

life   than   in   the   drab   tragedy  of   modern   every´day  existence。 After   early 

youth�察�as things are�察�most men are bowed down by forethought�察�no longer 

capable of light´hearted gaiety�察�but only of a kind of solemn jollification 

by   the   clock   at   the   appropriate   hours。   The   advice   to   ``become   as   little 

children''   would   be   good   for   many   people   in   many  respects�察  �but   it   goes 

with another precept�察 �`take no thought for the morrow��'' which is hard to 

obey in a competitive world。 There is often in men of science�察�even when 

they are quite old�察�something of the simplicity of a child�此�their absorption 

in   abstract   thought   has   held   them   aloof   from   the   world�察  �and   respect   for 

their work has led the world to keep them alive in spite of their innocence。 

Such men have succeeded in living as all men ought to be able to live�察�but 

as things are�察�the economic struggle makes their way of life impossible for 

the great majority。 

     What are we to say�察�lastly�察�of the effect of our projected world upon 

physical evil�拭�Will there be less illness than there is at present�拭�Will the 

produce of a given amount of labor be greater�拭�Or will population press 

upon     the   limits   of   subsistence�察     �as  Malthus      taught    in  order    to  refute 

Godwin's optimism�拭�

     I   think   the   answer   to   all   these   questions   turns�察  �in   the   end�察  �upon   the 

degree of intellectual vigor to be expected in a community which has done 



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away  with the   spur of   economic   competition。 Will   men   in   such   a   world 

become lazy and apathetic�拭�
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��2�� 家��3��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��