嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

flatland(献棲蒙声)-及16何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



; and felt him。 My Wife was right。 There was not the trace of an angle�察�not 

the   slightest   roughness   or   inequality�此  �never   in   my   life   had   I   met   with   a 

more perfect Circle。 He remained motionless while I walked around him�察�

beginning      from    his  eye    and   returning    to  it  again。   Circular    he   was 

throughout�察�a perfectly satisfactory Circle�察�there could not be a doubt of it。 

Then followed a dialogue�察�which I will endeavour to set down as near as I 

can recollect it�察�omitting only some of   my profuse apologies for I was 

covered   with   shame   and   humiliation   that   I�察  �a   Square�察  �should   have   been 

guilty of the impertinence of feeling a Circle。 It was commenced by the 

Stranger     with   some    impatience     at  the   lengthiness    of  my    introductory 

process。 

     Stranger。     Have    you    felt  me   enough     by   this  time�拭   �Are    you   not 

introduced to me yet�拭�



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     I。 Most illustrious Sir�察�excuse my awkwardness�察�which arises not from 

ignorance   of   the   usages   of   polite   society�察  �but   from   a   little   surprise   and 

nervousness�察      �consequent     on   this   somewhat      unexpected      visit。  And    I 

beseech you to reveal my indiscretion to no one�察�and especially not to my 

Wife。 But before your Lordship enters into further communications�察�would 

he deign to satisfy the curiosity of one who would gladly know whence his 

visitor came�拭�

     Stranger。 From Space�察�from Space�察�Sir�此�whence else�拭�

     I。 Pardon me�察�my Lord�察�but is not your Lordship already in Space�察�your 

Lordship and his humble servant�察�even at this moment�拭�

     Stranger。 Pooh� �what do you know of Space�拭�Define Space。 

     I。 Space�察�my Lord�察�is height and breadth indefinitely prolonged。 

     Stranger。 Exactly�此�you see you do not even know what Space is。 You 

think it is of Two Dimensions only�察�but I have come to announce to you a 

Thirdheight�察�breadth�察�and length。 

     I。 Your Lordship is pleased to be merry。 We also speak of length and 

height�察�or breadth and thickness�察�thus denoting Two Dimensions by four 

names。 

     Stranger。 But I mean not only three names�察�but Three Dimensions。 

     I。 Would your Lordship indicate or explain to me in what direction is 

the Third Dimension�察�unknown to me�拭�

     Stranger。 I came from it。 It is up above and down below。 

     I。 My Lord means seemingly that it is Northward and Southward。 

     Stranger。 I mean nothing of the kind。 I mean a direction in which you 

cannot look�察�because you have no eye in your side。 

     I。   Pardon   me�察  �my   Lord�察  �a   moment's   inspection   will   convince   your 

Lordship that I have a perfectly luminary at the juncture of my two sides。 

     Stranger�此�Yes�此�but in order to see into Space you ought to have an eye�察�

not   on   your   Perimeter�察  �but   on   your   side�察  �that   is�察  �on   what   you   would 

probably call your inside�察�but we in Spaceland should call it your side。 

     I。 An eye in my inside� �An eye in my stomach� �Your Lordship jests。 

     Stranger。 I am in no jesting humour。 I tell you that I come from Space�察�

or�察  �since   you   will   not   understand   what   Space   means�察  �from   the   Land   of 



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Three   Dimensions   whence   I   but   lately   looked   down   upon   your   Plane 

which     you    call  Space     forsooth。    From    that   position    of  advantage      I 

discerned all that you speak of as SOLID ��by which you mean ;enclosed 

on four   sides;���察 �your   houses�察 �your churches�察 �your   very  chests   and safes�察�

yes   even   your   insides   and   stomachs�察  �all   lying   open   and   exposed   to   my 

view。 

     I。 Such assertions are easily made�察�my Lord。 

     Stranger。 But not easily proved�察�you mean。 But I mean to prove mine。 

     When I descended here�察�I saw your four Sons�察�the Pentagons�察�each in 

his    apartment�察   �and    your   two    Grandsons      the   Hexagons�察     �I  saw   your 

youngest Hexagon remain   a while   with you and then retire to his   room�察�

leaving you and your Wife alone。 I saw your Isosceles servants�察�three in 

number�察�in the kitchen at supper�察�and the little Page in the scullery。 Then I 

came here�察�and how do you think I came�拭�

     I。 Through the roof�察�I suppose。 

     Strange。 Not so。 Your roof�察�as you know very well�察�has been recently 

repaired�察�and has no aperture by which even a Woman could penetrate。 I 

tell you I come from Space。 Are you not convinced by what I have told 

you of your children and household�拭�

     I。 Your Lordship must be aware that such facts touching the belongings 

of   his  humble   servant     might   be    easily   ascertained    by   any   one   of  the 

neighbourhood possessing your Lordship's ample means of information。 

     Stranger。 ��TO HIMSELF。�� What must I do�拭�Stay�察�one more argument 

suggests   itself    to  me。   When     you   see   a  Straight  Line   your    wife�察 �for 

examplehow many Dimensions do you attribute to her�拭�

     I。 Your Lordship would treat me as if I were one of the vulgar who�察�

being ignorant of Mathematics�察�suppose that a Woman is really a Straight 

Line�察�and only of One Dimension。 No�察�no�察�my Lord�察�we Squares are better 

advised�察  �and   are   as   well   aware   of   your   Lordship   that   a  Woman�察  �though 

popularly  called   a   Straight   Line�察  �is�察  �really   and   scientifically�察  �a   very   thin 

Parallelogram�察�possessing Two Dimensions�察�like the rest of us�察�viz。�察�length 

and breadth ��or thickness��。 

     Stranger。     But   the  very   fact   that  a  Line   is  visible   implies    that  it 



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possesses yet another Dimension。 

     I。 My Lord�察�I have just acknowledged that a Woman is broad as well as 

long。 We see her length�察�we infer her breadth�察�which�察�though very slight�察�is 

capable of measurement。 

     Stranger。   You   do   not   understand   me。   I   mean   that   when   you   see   a 

Woman�察�you oughtbesides inferring her breadthto see her length�察�and to 

SEE      what    we    call   her   HEIGHT�察       �although     the   last   Dimension      is 

infinitesimal in your country。 If a Line were mere length without ;height�察─�

it would cease to occupy Space and would become invisible。 Surely you 

must recognize this�拭�

     I。   I   must   indeed   confess   that   I   do   not   in   the   least   understand   your 

Lordship。      When      we    in   Flatland     see   a   Line�察  �we    see    length    and 

BRIGHTNESS。 If the brightness disappears�察�the Line is extinguished�察�and�察�

as   you    say�察 �ceases    to  occupy    Space。    But   am    I  to  suppose    that   your 

Lordship gives the brightness the title of a Dimension�察�and that what we 

call ;bright; you call ;high;�拭�

     Stranger。 No�察�indeed。 By ;height; I mean a Dimension like your length�此�

only�察   �with   you�察   �height;    is  not  so   easily   perceptible�察   �being   extremely 

small。 

     I。 My Lord�察�your assertion is easily put to the test。 You say I have a 

Third     Dimension�察     �which     you   call  ;height。;    Now�察    �Dimension      implies 

direction     and   measurement。       Do    but   measure     my    ;height�察─  �or   merely 

indicate   to   me   the   direction   in   which   my   ;height;   extends�察  �and   I   will 

become   your   convert。   Otherwise�察  �your   Lordship's   own   understand   must 

hold me excused。 

     Stranger。 ��TO HIMSELF。�� I can do neither。 How shall I convince him�拭�

Surely a plain statement of facts followed by ocular demonstration ought 

to suffice。 Now�察�Sir�察�listen to me。 

     You   are   living   on   a   Plane。   What   you   style   Flatland   is   the   vast   level 

surface of what I may call a fluid�察�or in�察�the top of which you and your 

countrymen move about�察�without rising above or falling below it。 

     I am not a plane Figure�察�but a Solid。 You call me a Circle�察�but in reality 

I am not a Circle�察�but an infinite number of Circles�察�of size varying from a 



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Point to a Circle of thirteen inches in diameter�察�one placed on the top of 

the other。 When I cut through your plane   as I am now doing�察�I make   in 

your plane aSECTION which you�察�very rightly�察�call a Circle。 For even a 

Spherewhich   is   my   proper   name   in   my   own   countryif   he   manifest 

himself at all to an inhabitant of Flatland must needs manifest himself as 

a Circle。 

     Do you not rememberfor I�察�who see all things�察�discerned last night 

the phantasmal   vision   of   Lineland   written   upon   your   brain   do   you   not 

remember�察�I say�察�how when you entered the realm of Lineland�察�you were 

compelled to manifest yourself to the King�察�not as a Square�察�but as a Line�察�

because   that   Linear   Realm   had   not   Dimensions   enough   to   represent   the 

whole of you�察�but only a slice orSECTION of you�拭�In precisely the same 

way�察�your country of Two Dimensions is not spacious enough to represent 

me�察  �a   being   of   Three�察  �but   can   only   exhibit   a   slice   orSECTION   of   me�察�

which is what you call a Circle。 

     The diminished brightness of your eye indicates incredulity。 But now 

prepare to receive proof positive of the truth of my assertions。 You cannot 

indeed see more than one of mySECTIONs�察�or Circles�察�at a time�察�for you 

have no power to raise your eye out of the plane of Flatland�察�but you can 

at least see that�察�as I rise in Space�察�so mySECTIONs become smaller。 See 

now�察�I will rise�察�and the
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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