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flatland(献棲蒙声)-及16何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
; and felt him。 My Wife was right。 There was not the trace of an angle�察�not
the slightest roughness or inequality�此 �never in my life had I met with a
more perfect Circle。 He remained motionless while I walked around him�察�
beginning from his eye and returning to it again。 Circular he was
throughout�察�a perfectly satisfactory Circle�察�there could not be a doubt of it。
Then followed a dialogue�察�which I will endeavour to set down as near as I
can recollect it�察�omitting only some of my profuse apologies for I was
covered with shame and humiliation that I�察 �a Square�察 �should have been
guilty of the impertinence of feeling a Circle。 It was commenced by the
Stranger with some impatience at the lengthiness of my introductory
process。
Stranger。 Have you felt me enough by this time�拭 �Are you not
introduced to me yet�拭�
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I。 Most illustrious Sir�察�excuse my awkwardness�察�which arises not from
ignorance of the usages of polite society�察 �but from a little surprise and
nervousness�察 �consequent on this somewhat unexpected visit。 And I
beseech you to reveal my indiscretion to no one�察�and especially not to my
Wife。 But before your Lordship enters into further communications�察�would
he deign to satisfy the curiosity of one who would gladly know whence his
visitor came�拭�
Stranger。 From Space�察�from Space�察�Sir�此�whence else�拭�
I。 Pardon me�察�my Lord�察�but is not your Lordship already in Space�察�your
Lordship and his humble servant�察�even at this moment�拭�
Stranger。 Pooh� �what do you know of Space�拭�Define Space。
I。 Space�察�my Lord�察�is height and breadth indefinitely prolonged。
Stranger。 Exactly�此�you see you do not even know what Space is。 You
think it is of Two Dimensions only�察�but I have come to announce to you a
Thirdheight�察�breadth�察�and length。
I。 Your Lordship is pleased to be merry。 We also speak of length and
height�察�or breadth and thickness�察�thus denoting Two Dimensions by four
names。
Stranger。 But I mean not only three names�察�but Three Dimensions。
I。 Would your Lordship indicate or explain to me in what direction is
the Third Dimension�察�unknown to me�拭�
Stranger。 I came from it。 It is up above and down below。
I。 My Lord means seemingly that it is Northward and Southward。
Stranger。 I mean nothing of the kind。 I mean a direction in which you
cannot look�察�because you have no eye in your side。
I。 Pardon me�察 �my Lord�察 �a moment's inspection will convince your
Lordship that I have a perfectly luminary at the juncture of my two sides。
Stranger�此�Yes�此�but in order to see into Space you ought to have an eye�察�
not on your Perimeter�察 �but on your side�察 �that is�察 �on what you would
probably call your inside�察�but we in Spaceland should call it your side。
I。 An eye in my inside� �An eye in my stomach� �Your Lordship jests。
Stranger。 I am in no jesting humour。 I tell you that I come from Space�察�
or�察 �since you will not understand what Space means�察 �from the Land of
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Three Dimensions whence I but lately looked down upon your Plane
which you call Space forsooth。 From that position of advantage I
discerned all that you speak of as SOLID ��by which you mean ;enclosed
on four sides;���察 �your houses�察 �your churches�察 �your very chests and safes�察�
yes even your insides and stomachs�察 �all lying open and exposed to my
view。
I。 Such assertions are easily made�察�my Lord。
Stranger。 But not easily proved�察�you mean。 But I mean to prove mine。
When I descended here�察�I saw your four Sons�察�the Pentagons�察�each in
his apartment�察 �and your two Grandsons the Hexagons�察 �I saw your
youngest Hexagon remain a while with you and then retire to his room�察�
leaving you and your Wife alone。 I saw your Isosceles servants�察�three in
number�察�in the kitchen at supper�察�and the little Page in the scullery。 Then I
came here�察�and how do you think I came�拭�
I。 Through the roof�察�I suppose。
Strange。 Not so。 Your roof�察�as you know very well�察�has been recently
repaired�察�and has no aperture by which even a Woman could penetrate。 I
tell you I come from Space。 Are you not convinced by what I have told
you of your children and household�拭�
I。 Your Lordship must be aware that such facts touching the belongings
of his humble servant might be easily ascertained by any one of the
neighbourhood possessing your Lordship's ample means of information。
Stranger。 ��TO HIMSELF。�� What must I do�拭�Stay�察�one more argument
suggests itself to me。 When you see a Straight Line your wife�察 �for
examplehow many Dimensions do you attribute to her�拭�
I。 Your Lordship would treat me as if I were one of the vulgar who�察�
being ignorant of Mathematics�察�suppose that a Woman is really a Straight
Line�察�and only of One Dimension。 No�察�no�察�my Lord�察�we Squares are better
advised�察 �and are as well aware of your Lordship that a Woman�察 �though
popularly called a Straight Line�察 �is�察 �really and scientifically�察 �a very thin
Parallelogram�察�possessing Two Dimensions�察�like the rest of us�察�viz。�察�length
and breadth ��or thickness��。
Stranger。 But the very fact that a Line is visible implies that it
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possesses yet another Dimension。
I。 My Lord�察�I have just acknowledged that a Woman is broad as well as
long。 We see her length�察�we infer her breadth�察�which�察�though very slight�察�is
capable of measurement。
Stranger。 You do not understand me。 I mean that when you see a
Woman�察�you oughtbesides inferring her breadthto see her length�察�and to
SEE what we call her HEIGHT�察 �although the last Dimension is
infinitesimal in your country。 If a Line were mere length without ;height�察─�
it would cease to occupy Space and would become invisible。 Surely you
must recognize this�拭�
I。 I must indeed confess that I do not in the least understand your
Lordship。 When we in Flatland see a Line�察 �we see length and
BRIGHTNESS。 If the brightness disappears�察�the Line is extinguished�察�and�察�
as you say�察 �ceases to occupy Space。 But am I to suppose that your
Lordship gives the brightness the title of a Dimension�察�and that what we
call ;bright; you call ;high;�拭�
Stranger。 No�察�indeed。 By ;height; I mean a Dimension like your length�此�
only�察 �with you�察 �height; is not so easily perceptible�察 �being extremely
small。
I。 My Lord�察�your assertion is easily put to the test。 You say I have a
Third Dimension�察 �which you call ;height。; Now�察 �Dimension implies
direction and measurement。 Do but measure my ;height�察─ �or merely
indicate to me the direction in which my ;height; extends�察 �and I will
become your convert。 Otherwise�察 �your Lordship's own understand must
hold me excused。
Stranger。 ��TO HIMSELF。�� I can do neither。 How shall I convince him�拭�
Surely a plain statement of facts followed by ocular demonstration ought
to suffice。 Now�察�Sir�察�listen to me。
You are living on a Plane。 What you style Flatland is the vast level
surface of what I may call a fluid�察�or in�察�the top of which you and your
countrymen move about�察�without rising above or falling below it。
I am not a plane Figure�察�but a Solid。 You call me a Circle�察�but in reality
I am not a Circle�察�but an infinite number of Circles�察�of size varying from a
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Point to a Circle of thirteen inches in diameter�察�one placed on the top of
the other。 When I cut through your plane as I am now doing�察�I make in
your plane aSECTION which you�察�very rightly�察�call a Circle。 For even a
Spherewhich is my proper name in my own countryif he manifest
himself at all to an inhabitant of Flatland must needs manifest himself as
a Circle。
Do you not rememberfor I�察�who see all things�察�discerned last night
the phantasmal vision of Lineland written upon your brain do you not
remember�察�I say�察�how when you entered the realm of Lineland�察�you were
compelled to manifest yourself to the King�察�not as a Square�察�but as a Line�察�
because that Linear Realm had not Dimensions enough to represent the
whole of you�察�but only a slice orSECTION of you�拭�In precisely the same
way�察�your country of Two Dimensions is not spacious enough to represent
me�察 �a being of Three�察 �but can only exhibit a slice orSECTION of me�察�
which is what you call a Circle。
The diminished brightness of your eye indicates incredulity。 But now
prepare to receive proof positive of the truth of my assertions。 You cannot
indeed see more than one of mySECTIONs�察�or Circles�察�at a time�察�for you
have no power to raise your eye out of the plane of Flatland�察�but you can
at least see that�察�as I rise in Space�察�so mySECTIONs become smaller。 See
now�察�I will rise�察�and the
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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