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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

flatland(献棲蒙声)-及17何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



at least see that�察�as I rise in Space�察�so mySECTIONs become smaller。 See 

now�察�I will rise�察�and the effect upon your eye will be that my Circle will 

become smaller and smaller till it dwindles to a point and finally vanishes。 

     There was no ;rising; that I could see�察�but he diminished and finally 

vanished。 I winked once or twice to make sure that I was not dreaming。 

But it was no dream。 For from the depths of nowhere came forth a hollow 

voiceclose to my heart it seemed ;Am I quite gone�拭�Are you convinced 

now�拭  �Well�察  �now   I   will   gradually   return   to   Flatland   and   you   shall   see 

mySECTION become larger and larger。; 

     Every reader in Spaceland will easily understand that my  mysterious 

Guest was speaking the language of truth and even of simplicity。 But to 

me�察�proficient though I was in Flatland Mathematics�察�it was by no means a 

simple matter。 The rough diagram given above will make it clear to any 

Spaceland child that the Sphere�察�ascending in the three positions indicated 



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there�察�must needs have manifested himself to me�察�or to any Flatlander�察�as a 

Circle�察  �at   first   of   full   size�察  �then  small�察  �and   at   last   very   small   indeed�察�

approaching to a Point。 But to me�察�although I saw the facts before me�察�the 

causes   were   as   dark   as   ever。 All   that   I   could   comprehend   was�察  �that   the 

Circle   had   made   himself   smaller   and   vanished�察 �and   that he   had now   re´ 

appeared and was rapidly making himself larger。 

     When   he   regained   his   original   size�察  �he   heaved   a   deep   sigh�察  �for   he 

perceived by my silence that I had altogether failed to comprehend him。 

And indeed I was now inclining to the belief that he must be no Circle at 

all�察  �but   some   extremely   clever   juggler�察  �or   else   that   the   old   wives'   tales 

were   true�察  �and   that   after   all   there   were   such   people   as   Enchanters   and 

Magicians。 

     After    a  long    pause    he  muttered     to  himself�察    �One     resource    alone 

remains�察�if I am not to resort to action。 I must try the method of Analogy。; 

Then      followed     a  still  longer    silence�察  �after   which    he   continued      our 

dialogue。 

     Sphere。 Tell me�察�Mr。 Mathematician�察�if a Point moves Northward�察�and 

leaves a luminous wake�察�what name would you give to the wake�拭�

     I。 A straight Line。 

     Sphere。 And a straight Line has how many extremities�拭�

     I。 Two。 

     Sphere。 Now conceive the Northward straight Line moving parallel to 

itself�察�East and West�察�so that every point in it leaves behind it the wake of 

a straight Line。 What name will you give to the Figure thereby formed�拭�

We   will   suppose   that   it   moves   through   a   distance   equal   to   the   original 

straight line。 What name�察�I say�拭�

     I。 A square。 

     Sphere。 And how many sides has a Square�拭�How many angles�拭�

     I。 Four sides and four angles。 

     Sphere。 Now stretch your imagination a little�察�and conceive a Square 

in Flatland�察�moving parallel to itself upward。 

     I。 What�拭�Northward�拭�

     Sphere。 No�察�not Northward�察�upward�察�out of Flatland altogether。 



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     If it moved Northward�察�the Southern points in the Square would have 

to move through the positions previously occupied by the Northern points。 

But that is not my meaning。 

     I mean that every Point in youfor you are a Square and will serve the 

purpose of my illustrationevery Point in you�察�that is to say in what you 

call your inside�察�is to pass upwards through Space in such a way that no 

Point   shall   pass   through   the   position   previously   occupied   by   any   other 

Point�察�but each Point shall describe a straight Line of its own。 This is all in 

accordance with Analogy�察�surely it must be clear to you。 

     Restraining my impatiencefor I was now under a strong temptation 

to rush blindly at my Visitor and to precipitate him into Space�察�or out of 

Flatland�察�anywhere�察�so that I could get rid of himI replied�此�

     ;And what may be the nature of the Figure which I am to shape out by 

this   motion   which   you   are   pleased   to   denote   by   the   word   `upward'�拭  �I 

presume it is describable in the language of Flatland。; 

     Sphere。     Oh�察   �certainly。   It  is  all  plain   and   simple�察   �and   in   strict 

accordance   with Analogyonly�察  �by   the   way�察  �you   must   not   speak   of   the 

result as being a Figure�察�but as a Solid。 But I will describe it to you。 Or 

rather not I�察�but Analogy。 

     We began with a single Point�察�which of coursebeing itself a Point 

has only ONE terminal Point。 

     One Point produces a Line with TWO terminal Points。 

     One Line produces a Square with FOUR terminal Points。 

     Now you can give yourself the answer to your own question�此�1�察�2�察�4�察�

are evidently in Geometrical Progression。 What is the next number�拭�

     I。 Eight。 

     Sphere。 Exactly。 The one Square produces a SOMETHING´WHICH´ 

YOU´          DO´NOT´AS´YET´KNOW´A´NAME´FOR´BUT´WHICH´WE´ 

CALL´A´CUBE with EIGHT terminal Points。 Now are you convinced�拭�

     I。   And   has   this   Creature   sides�察  �as   well   as   Angles   or   what   you   call 

;terminal Points;�拭�

     Sphere。 Of course�察�and all according to Analogy。 But�察�by the way�察�not 

what    YOU      call  sides�察 �but  what    WE    call  sides。  You    would    call  them 



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SOLIDS。 

     I。 And how many solids or sides will appertain to this Being whom I 

am to generate by the motion of my inside in an ;upward; direction�察�and 

whom you call a Cube�拭�

     Sphere。   How   can   you   ask�拭  �And   you   a   mathematician�   �The   side   of 

anything   is   always�察  �if   I   may   so   say�察  �one   Dimension   behind   the   thing。 

Consequently�察�as there is no Dimension behind a Point�察�a Point has 0 sides�察�

a Line�察�if I may so say�察�has 2 sides ��for the points of a Line may be called 

by courtesy�察�its sides���察�a Square has 4 sides�察�0�察�2�察�4�察�what Progression do 

you call that�拭�

     I。 Arithmetical。 

     Sphere。 And what is the next number�拭�

     I。 Six。 

     Sphere。 Exactly。 Then you see you have answered your own question。 

The Cube which you will generate will be bounded by six sides�察�that is to 

say�察�six of your insides。 You see it all now�察�eh�拭�

     ;Monster�察─�I shrieked�察 �be thou juggler�察�enchanter�察�dream�察�or devil�察�no 

more   will   I   endure   thy   mockeries。   Either   thou   or   I   must   perish。;   And 

saying these words I precipitated myself upon him。 



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         SECTION 17                How the Sphere�察�having in vain 



                     tried words�察�resorted to deeds 



       It was in vain。 I brought my hardest right angle into violent collision 

with    the   Stranger�察   �pressing    on   him    with   a  force   sufficient    to  have 

destroyed      any    ordinary     Circle�此  �but    I  could    feel   him    slowly    and 

unarrestably slipping from my contact�察�not edging to the right nor to the 

left�察�but   moving somehow out   of the   world�察 �and vanishing   into   nothing。 

Soon there was a blank。 But still I heard the Intruder's voice。 

     Sphere。 Why will you refuse to listen to reason�拭�I had hoped to find in 

youas being a man of sense and an accomplished mathematician a fit 

apostle   for   the   Gospel   of   the Three   Dimensions�察  �which   I   am  allowed   to 

preach once only in a thousand years�此�but now I know not how to convince 

you。 Stay�察�I have it。 Deeds�察�and not words�察�shall proclaim the truth。 Listen�察�

my friend。 

     I have told you I can see from my position in Space the inside of all 

things   that   you   consider   closed。   For   example�察  �I   see   in   yonder   cupboard 

near   which   you   are   standing�察  �several   of   what   you   call   boxes   ��but   like 

everything else in Flatland�察�they have no tops or bottom�� full of money�察�I 

see also two tablets of accounts。 I am about to descend into that cupboard 

and to bring you one of those tablets。 I saw you lock the cupboard half an 

hour ago�察�and I know you have the key in your possession。 But I descend 

from     Space�察   �the  doors�察  �you   see�察  �remain    unmoved。      Now    I  am   in  the 

cupboard and am taking the tablet。 Now I have it。 Now I ascent with it。 

     I rushed to the closet and dashed the door open。 One of the tablets was 

gone。 With a mocking laugh�察�the Stranger appeared in the other corner of 

the room�察�and at the same time the tablet appeared upon the floor。 I took it 

up。 There could be no doubtit was the missing tablet。 

     I groaned with horror�察�doubting whether I was not out of my sense�察�but 

the   Stranger   continued�此   �Surely   you   must   now   see   that   my   explanation�察�

and no other�察�suits the phenomena。 What you call Solid things are really 



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superficial�察�what you call Space is really nothing but a great Plane。 I am in 

Space�察�and look down upon the insides of the things of which you only see 

the outsides。 You could leave the Plane yourself�察�if you could but summon 

up   the   necessary   volition。  A  slight   upward   or   downward   motion   would 

enable you to see all that I can see。 

     ;The higher I mount�察�and the further I go from your Plane�察�the more I 

can see�察�though of course I see it on a smaller sc
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��