嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the dawn of amateur radio in the u[1].k.(辺咄字鴨侘議貴伏)-及12何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



make a holder for the valve�察�twisting a few turns of wire round the pins as 

I could find nothing to use as a socket。 I had no idea how to connect the 

various items I made or bought。 I had seen a circuit diagram in a French 

magazine of a detector with reaction。 I made the connections by twisting 

wires together and finally the receiver was complete。 The next thing was 

the   aerial。   I   made   an   enormous   aerial   with   four   parallel   wires�察  �like   the 

aerials I had seen on ships。 Putting it up was a dangerous operation as our 

house had a rather steep tiled roof�察�so I got some friends to help me。 Some 

of them who had 'superior knowledge' told me the down´lead must have 

no bends。 I got hold of a stiff copper wire and supported the down´lead on 

two enormous bell insulators as used on telegraph poles。 I had to smash a 

corner of my bedroom window to bring the wire in。 I had bought a large 

knife switch which could be turned over to connect the aerial to ground。 I 

was afraid the large flat top of the aerial would attract thunderbolts。 When 

I   finally  connected     the   aerial  to  the   receiver   I  heard   ABSOLUTELY 

NOTHING。; 

       I asked him how he tuned the receiver。 He said he had put many taps 

on    the  coil   and   he   twisted   his   antenna    to  these   taps   trying   various 

combinations with the tuning capacitor。 

       ;All I heard was this breathing noise。 I learned later that it was the 

'carrier   wave'   of   a   broadcasting   station   without   modulation�察  �but   I   didn't 

know   what   that   meant。 As   my   friends   also   heard   the   same   noise   I   was 

convinced   my   receiver   was   working。   We   soon   found   out   that   the   long 



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wave      transmitter     at  Ankara�察    �the   capital   of   Turkey     was    making     test 

transmissions        without      modulation。       Ankara      was     one    of    the    first 

broadcasting stations in that part of the world。; 

        Norman�此 �Regeneration should have produced a whistle。; 

        Takis�此 �Yes�察�indeed。 And in a peculiar way。 When I approached the 

receiver my hand produced the whistle。; 

        Norman�此 �Hand capacity effect。; 

        Takis�此 �And foot capacity effect as well� �When I approached my knee 

to   the   metal   leg   of   the   work´bench   I   would   lose   the   station   I   had   been 

listening to。; He said the tuning capacitor he had made was obviously too 

small   and   he   had   to   alter   the   taps   on   the   coil   continuously。 About   three 

o'clock in the morning during a cold winter night he heard a new sound ´ 

the breathing ��carrier�� noise and a sort of regular ticking。 He later found 

out   that   it   was   the   new   broadcasting   station   in   Vienna�察  �Austria�察  �which 

transmitted   the   sound   of   a   metronome   throughout   the   night。 This   would 

have been about 1926。 

        I   asked   Takis   about   school。   ;In   spite   of   the   late   nights   listening   I 

never missed a day at school。 My father was the Chairman of the School 

Committee   and   I   couldn't   let   him  down。   But   I   had   to   earn   some   pocket 

money to pay for the bits a pieces I needed。 Particularly a decent pair of 

headphones�察�I had to hold the army headphone to me ear with one hand 

which gave me pins and needles。 For some years I had kept goldfish and 

pigeons�察�so I sold them。 A friend of mine had gone to sea as a cadet and 

his ship went abroad�察�so I asked him to get me a pair of headphones。 

        ;I   must   explain   to   you   that   it   was   no   easy   matter   for   a   Russian 

seaman to serve on a vessel which visited foreign ports。 First one had to 

go   through   the   Communist   Party   sieve   and   then   he   was   told   that   if   he 

jumped ship his family would suffer for it。 

        ;Anyway�察  �he   bought   me   a      lovely   pair   of   Telefunken      headphones 

when   the   ship   berthed   at   Constantinople   ��Istanbul��   which   I   have   to   this 

day。 But not on his first trip�察�when he was not allowed to go ashore。 And it 

was not the captain who decided who could go ashore。 A trusted member 

of the Party would pick out a group of seamen who could land but they 

had to stay together the whole time。 



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       ;I never managed to go abroad。 At the Club I had obtained a morse 

test certificate for 40 letters a minute ��8 wpm�� in Latin characters and 90 

letters ��18 wpm�� in the Cyrillic alphabet ��Russian��。 To go abroad one had 

to up´grade to 80 Latin and 120 Cyrillic letters。 ��16 & 24 wpm��。 I was put 

on   a   small   coastal   ice´breaker   which   cleared   the   river   estuaries   in   the 

Black Sea。 

       ;The   Black   Sea   is   one   of   the   most   treacherous   inland   seas   in   the 

world。 During the winter its northern shores are frozen whereas the coast 

of Asia Minor keeps the southern shores relatively warm by comparison。 

This results in gale force winds and rough seas。 Waves follow each other 

very  closely  as   opposed   to   the   long swell   one  gets   in   the   Pacific。   Ships 

have to leave port to avoid crashing into each other。 

       ;I was about 18 when I first went to sea as a cadet W/T operator。 One 

day when we came out of an estuary the sea was so rough that the captain 

decided to turn back。 As we turned to starboard we noticed an American 

freighter   behind   us   heavily  laden   with   wheat   and   very   low   down   in   the 

water。  To   our   horror   it   was   caught   between   the   crests   of   two   enormous 

waves and broke in two roughly amidships。 Although we were only about 

half a mile away the freighter sank before we could get to it。 We saw a few 

survivors in the water�察�but it would have been impossible to put a boat into 

that    treacherous     sea。   Apart    from    which     a  man    cannot     survive    many 

minutes   in   a   water   temperature   just   above   freezing。   It   was   all   over   in   a 

flash and we returned to Odessa in deep shock。 

       ;Odessa used to have four harbours。 The callsign of the W/T station 

was EU5KAO。 I remember it very well because it was my job to take the 

weather forecasts for shipping which it transmitted regularly。; 

       Takis    spoke    about    some     amusing     misconceptions        of  that   period。 

When he first completed his receiver and was getting poor results with it 

he    asked     a  more     experienced       amateur     to   look    at   it。  The    'expert' 

immediately   found   the   first   fault�此  �the   downlead   from   the   antenna   had   a 

bend     in   it  of  more    than    45   degrees    which     was    quite   unacceptable。 

Secondly�察  �the   ground   connection   to   the   central   heating   radiator   was   no 

good because it was winter and the radiator was hot so it presented a very 

high resistance� �It must be soldered�察�he said�察�to a cold water tap。 



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               The dawn of amateur radio in the U。K。 and Greece �此�a personal view 



       ;I tried everything I could think of to solder the wire to the tap�察�but to 

no   avail。   Then   one   day   I   had   a   brain´wave   and   I   made   a   stupendous 

invention�   �I   wrapped   a   copper   strip   round   the   tap   and   bolted   it   tightly�察�

together   with   the   ground   wire。   I   was   really   very   proud   of   myself   and 

wondered if anybody else had ever thought of doing it that way。; 

       I  asked    Takis    if  he  had   done    any    transmitting     from    home。    ;We 

amateurs   of   foreign origin   were   not   allowed  to   own   transmitters   but   we 

could     operate    the   club    station   under    close    supervision     by   the   Party 

member who was always present。 My own SWL callsign was RK´1136 as 

you can see from the QSL card I received from EU5DN in 1929。 

       ;I remember our excitement when we first contacted a station outside 

Russia。 It was a station in Saarbrueken and we were on a wavelength of 42 

metres。 All the members of the Club sent him our SWL reports and he sent 

us back his cards and a photograph of his equipment which was published 

in   the   Moscow   amateur   journal   and   so   Odessa   became   famous。   On   42 

metres most of our QSOs were with German stations。 As a result of this 

success many young lads joined our club and we 'experts' would explain to 

them   about   bends   in   the   aerial   down´lead   and   the   high   resistance   of   a 

ground connection to a central heating radiator when the water in it was 

hot�。 �

       The club transmitter consisted of 4 valves in a Hartley parallel push´ 

pull oscillator circuit which we considered to be of relative 'high power' ´ 

perhaps all of 10 watts。; 

       Takis   continued�此   �In   1930�察  �my   family�察  �like   many   other   families   of 

Greek origin�察�moved to Athens。 I built a cw transmitter using four Philips 

valves。 I went and saw Mr Eleftheriou at the Ministry and he informed me 

that there was no way that he could issue me with a transmitting licence�察�

but he thanked me all the same for telling him I had built a transmitter。; 

       Takis continued�此 �I would like you to notice these two QSL cards I 

received in 1933。 I1IP wrote on his card 'I am on the air since 1924 but 

you     are  the   first  SV    station    I  have   heard'。    And    the   British   listener 

BRS1183   wrote   'Dear   old   man�察  �very  pleased   to   report   your   signals。 Are 

you   the   only   active   st
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��