嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the dawn of amateur radio in the u[1].k.(辺咄字鴨侘議貴伏)-及17何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



I took part in the first programme�察�and in fact read the first news bulletin�察�

which went out at 3 a。m。 Athens time。 As I said above�察�early in April I was 

transferred to the British Embassy in Cairo�察�Egypt。 

       1941�此�Very small contingents of the British army landed in Greece to 

help the Greek army。 But they proved totally incapable of standing up to 

the onslaught of the German army which followed soon after。 The Greek 

army     laid   down    its  arms    in  Epirus    ��north´western      Greece��。    General 

Tsolakoglou   became   the   first   'Quisling'   Prime   Minister   of   Greece。   King 

George and his government�察�under Premier Emmanouil Tsouderos had left 

for Cairo。 

       1942�此�In North Africa General Rommel had advanced to within 100 

miles of Cairo�察�but his supply lines had become very long。 One of the most 

important was   the railway  link through   Greece�察�so   the British   strategists 

decided that attempts must be made to disrupt it。 The Special Operations 

Executive ��S。O。E。�� in London�察�despatched two small groups of saboteurs 

��about   a   dozen   men   altogether��   under   the   command   of   Brigadier   Eddie 

Myers and Major Chris Woodhouse who had the task of linking up with 

the various bands of `Andartes' ��Resistance movement fighters�� which had 

started forming in the mountains。 

       Unfortunately�察�the British officers were told nothing at all about the 

bitter rivalries between the various groups�察�most probably because H。Q。 in 

Cairo   were   themselves   ignorant   about   the   real   situation。   It   didn't   take 

Meyers and Woodhouse long to discover that by far the largest group was 



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E。L。A。S。 ��the Popular Liberation Army�� under Aris Velouhiotis�察�about 120 

ill´equipped      men     operating     in  the   Pindus    mountains。      Another     smaller 

group   of   about   60   men   had   rallied   round   a   regular   officer   of   the   Greek 

army�察    �Colonel     Napoleon      Zervas。    They     called   themselves      the   National 

Republican Greek League ��Greek initials E。D。E。S。�� 

        I   met   Zervas   personally   years   later   when   he   was   Minister   of   the 

Interior   ��and   therefore   responsible   for   the   Police��。   I   was   then   acting   as 

interpreter for the Assistant´Head of the British Police Mission to Greece。 

I remember vividly with what relish he described to Colonel Prosser his 

method of torturing E。L。A。S。 prisoners�察�which left no physical marks on 

any part of the body。 

        It   was   in   the   course   of   a   secret   visit   to   Athens   that   young   Chris 

Woodhouse found out the real chain of command�察�when he was introduced 

to   George   Siantos�察  �the   Secretary   of   the   Greek   Communist   Party   ��Greek 

initials   K。K。E。��。   The   K。K。E。   controlled   E。A。M。�察  �the   National   Liberation 

Front   which�察  �in   turn�察  �ran   E。L。A。S。   But   with   a   title   like   that   ��National 

Liberation Front�� it was easy to see why E。A。M。 enjoyed such widespread 

support�察�not only in the countryside�察�but also among the intelligentsia in 

Athens。 

        But the task of the S。O。E。 officers was made very difficult for various 

reasons�此�Winston Churchill had given orders that they were to support�察�as 

far as possible�察�only those guerrilla leaders who favoured the King ´ but 

there   were   none�察  �or   very   few。   The   S。O。E。   units   had   orders   to   cause   the 

maximum  disruption   to the  German   occupation   of the  country。 And   that 

was impossible without the support of E。L。A。S。�察�which was controlled by 

the   Communists。 At   the   outset�察  �it   became   obvious   to   the   S。O。E。   officers 

that military and political priorities were already in conflict。 

        E。L。A。S。 forces were getting stronger every day and very soon they 

began      attacking    fellow    Greeks     in   non´communist         Andarte     units。   The 

successful   attack   on   the   railway   bridge   over   the   Gorgopotamos   river   on 

the 26th of November was the first and last time that ELAS and EDES co´ 

operated   against   the   common   enemy   under   the   coercion   and   technical 

guidance of the British。 

        1943�此   �Friction    between     EDES      and    ELAS      continued     to  increase。 



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When Eddie   Myers told   them that he had been instructed   to destroy  the 

bridge over the Asopos river�察�ELAS said it was too dangerous a target and 

refused   to   help�察  �so   this   became   an   all´British   operation。   A   24´year´old 

demolition   expert   of   the   Royal   Engineers   Captain   Ken   Scott�察  �was   sent 

from   Cairo。   He   was   dropped   by   parachute�察  �and   planned   the   successful 

attack on the bridge。 It took the Germans four months to rebuild it。 

       On   the   11th   of   September   14��000   Italian   troops   in   the   north´west 

surrendered   to   the   Andartes   with        all   their   arms。   A   month   later   ELAS 

seized the weapons and attacked EDES。 The civil war had begun。 

       1944�此   �The    friction   between     the   various    groups    of   the  Resistance 

movement   erupted into   full´scale   war�察  �described as   the   'civil   war'   or   the 

'guerrilla     war'   depending      on   whose      side   you    were    on。   ELAS      were 

determined that they alone would be in control when the Allies arrived。 As 

a result of intense negotiations on the part of the British officers�察�all the 

Andarte leaders signed an Armistice document on the 29th February 1944 

agreeing   to   stop   fighting   each   other   and   to   concentrate   all   their   efforts 

against the common enemy ´ the Germans。 Unfortunately�察�barely a month 

later ELAS attacked and completely annihilated the smallest andarte group 

E。K。K。A。 Now only EDES and the 200´strong S。O。E。 force stood between 

the 40��000 ELAS Communists and total control of the Greek countryside。 

       In the Middle   East�察�the   Lebanon Conference�察 �attended by  delegates 

from all parties�察�including representatives of the Andartes�察�elected George 

Papandreou   ��father   of   Andreas   Papandreou�察  �recently   Prime   Minister   of 

Greece���察�to act as Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity in 

exile。    In   September       the  government        moved     temporarily      to   Italy。  In 

October�察  �following   the   withdrawal   of   the   Germans   from Athens�察  �British 

troops began landing in Greece from Greek and British warships。 By far 

the largest contingent landed near the port of Piraeus and tens of thousands 

of   Greeks   turned   out   to   cheer   and   welcome   the   British   forces   as   they 

marched through the streets。 

       On   October   18   the   members   of   the   Greek   government   returned   to 

Athens under the leadership of the Premier George Papandreou�察�who was 

accompanied          by   Lt。    General      Ronald     Scobie�察     �the   Allied     military 

commander。 



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       Sadly  though�察  �in   December   ELAS   marched   on Athens。  The   British 

troops�察�so recently feted and garlanded now found themselves fighting on 

the same streets of their earlier welcome。 S。O。E。 had been warning Cairo 

for two years that this might happen。 After three or four weeks of intense 

fighting in the streets of Athens and in the suburbs�察�ELAS withdrew。 

       Winston Churchill came to Athens on Christmas Day to   mediate。 A 

couple of ELAS snipers hiding in a school a few hundred yards away from 

the   British   Embassy   took   a   few   pot   shots   at   him   as   he   got   out   of   an 

armoured vehicle which had brought him from the airport。 Next day�察�when 

he   attended   a   meeting   of   all parties�察  �the   ELAS   representative   walked   in 

wearing a military´style uniform with crossed bandoleers across his chest�察�

and    carrying    two    pistols。  Churchill     turned    to  his  interpreter    and   said 

quietly�此   �Tell   him   to   leave   his   toys  outside�察  �or   I  fly   back   to  London 

immediately�察�to spend Christmas properly with my family。; 

       1945�此�On the 1st of January Archbishop Damaskinos was appointed 

Regent。 ��It had been agreed that the King should not return to Greece until 

his    position    had    been    clarified    by   a  plebiscite��。    Plastiras    replaced 

Papandreou as   Prime Minister。 After the Varkiza agreement   the   guerrilla 

war ��or civil war�� was officially brought to an end。 

       Years   later   in   a   broadcast�察  �Chris   Woodhouse   summarised   what   the 

S。O。E。 mission to Greece had achieved。 

       1。   It   had   provided   the   technical   expertise�察  �such   as   the   handling   of 

explosives�察�without which the major sabotage successes would have been 

impossible。 

       2。   It   had    provided      the    tactical    planning     and     supplied     the 

communications which successfully harnessed the courage of the Greeks 

to the strategic requirements of the Allied commanders。 3。 Most important 

of all�察�in the long run�察�it assured that no armed force in occupied Greece 

would gain a monopoly of power on the day of liberation。 The final aim of 

the mission was to leave the Greeks with a free choice at the end of the 

war   ´   a   choice   between   a   Monarchy�察  �a   Republic   or   even   a   Communist 

regime   if   they   wanted   it。   But   the   recent   dramatic   events   in   the   closing 

months   
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��