嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the dawn of amateur radio in the u[1].k.(辺咄字鴨侘議貴伏)-及22何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��





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altar instead of the girl。 Iphigenia was secretly spirited away to Taurida�察�in 

northern Greece�察�and put in charge of Diana's temple there。 

       ��This story is the subject of a well´known classical Greek play。�� 

       Historical note on the Marconi´Stille steel tape recording machine。 

       At   the   beginning   of   the   century   Professor   Poulsen�察  �one   of   radio's 

earliest pioneers�察�discovered that a magnetic impression could be made on 

a moving length of wire which remained on the wire even after it had been 

rolled   up。   He   used   his   machine   to   record   the   Morse   code   only�察  �that   is 

magnetism `on' and `off'。 In 1924 Dr。 Stille in Germany made a machine 

which could record sounds。 The B。B。C。 sent two engineers to Berlin�察�and 

after a demonstration they offered to buy the machine�察�but in the end they 

returned to England empty´handed。 

       In 1931 Mr Louis Blattner managed to buy a machine and bring it to 

England。      He   called   it  the  Blattnerphone。      By   this  time    Dr。  Stille  had 

replaced Poulsen's wire with a flat steel tape 6 mm wide。 Each reel of tape 

could only accommodate 20 minutes of recording。 There was a   constant 

and   heavy  background   hiss�察 �due to   the   inherent quality  of   the   steel   tape 

itself。 

       Stille   Inventions      Ltd。    joined    forces    with    Marconi's      Wireless 

Telegraph Co。 Ltd。 to produce�察�with the close co´operation of the B。B。C。 

Research Department�察�the Marconi´Stille machine which was put into use 

in 1934。 The tape width was reduced to 3 mm and the thickness to only 

0。08   of   a   millimetre。   In   order   to   secure   the   reproduction   of   the   higher 

audio frequencies�察�it was found necessary to run the tape at a rate of 90 

metres per minute past the recording and reproducing heads。 This meant 

that the length of tape required for a half´hour's programme was nearly 3 

kilometres� �

       4。 Brief description of the ribbon or velocity microphone。 

       George      Papandreou�察      �Greek     Prime      Minister     of   the    war´time 

government   of   National   Unity   in   exile�察  �is   seen   with   the   famous   ribbon 

microphone   developed  by  the   B。B。C。 in   1934。 This   microphone   ��R。C。A。 

designation 44BX�� consists of a ribbon of corrugated aluminium foil only 

0。0002 of an inch thick suspended vertically in a very intense but narrow 

magnetic field。 When sounds vibrate the ribbon extremely low alternating 



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voltages   are   developed   at   the   ends   of   the   ribbon�察  �which   has   a   very   low 

impedance        of  only    0。15    ohm�察   �necessitating     the   use    of  a   step´up 

transformer of 1��45 turns ratio very close to it。 The frequency response is 

20 to 16��000 Hz。 A drawback is that the ribbon can be blown out of the 

magnetic gap by sudden puffs of air when a speaker gets too close to the 

microphone�察�so the casing is lined with several layers of chiffon which let 

in   the   sounds   but   not   the   air。   Without   its   base   the   ribbon   microphone 

weighs 4 kilograms�察�nearly 9 lbs。 



     5。 An outstanding antenna system designed by Rex G4JUJ for Phase 

III amateur satellite communication。 

       The up´link section comprises four 88´element Jaybeam multi´ beams 

which provide a power gain of 225。 

       The two down´link 8 element yagis are each fitted with a small D。C。 

motor  directly  coupled  to   a 9   inch   length   of   M5 brass   studding   rotating 

inside a block of PTFE linked to a push rod which can move the antennas 

75    degrees    both   sides   of  the  vertical   position�察  �either   in  unison   or   in 

opposite   directions。   This   system   provides   infinitely   variable   polarisation 

which optimises the down´link signal at any instant。 

       6。 The saga of H。H。M。S。ADRIAS 

       While fighting in the area of the Dodecanese Islands on the night of 

the    22nd    October    1943    the   destroyer    ADRIAS       ��L67��    was    seriously 

damaged by a mine but refused to sink。 

       Under the command of Commander John Toumbas the ship covered a 

distance     of   approximately      700    nautical    miles�察  �reaching     the  port   of 

Alexandria in Egypt on the eve of the feast of Saint Nicholas�察�the patron 

saint of all seamen。 

       The Greek Minister of the Navy Sofoclis Venizelos�察�and the British 

Admiral   in   command   of   the   Royal   Navy   in   the   Eastern   Mediterranean�察�

provided an honorary escort for the brave little ship that had refused to die。 

A few months later the snub´nosed L67 joined the fleet of 100 vessels of 

all sorts which sailed to Greece for the Liberation。 

       The photographs were taken by the author ��with the exception of the 

damaged L67�� who travelled back to Greece on H。H。M。S。 AVEROF in the 



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same convoy。 The photograph of L84�察�a similar type destroyer to ADRIAS 

shows   how   much   of   her   bows   was   blown   off   by   the   collision   with   the 

mine。 

     ��H。H。M。S。 stands for His Hellenic Majesty's Ship。�� 

     7。 German sabotage at the Cable & Wireless station at Pallini�察�Greece�察�

in World War II。 

       As the German army was pulling out of Greece in October 1944 its 

engineers   carried      out   extensive    sabotage   to   installations   of   a  strategic 

value。 At Pallini�察�not far from Athens�察�an attempt was made to destroy the 

transmitter   hall   by   dropping   one   of   the   antenna   towers   onto   it�察  �but   the 

equipment was not damaged。 

       They   were   more   successful   at   the   Royal   Navy   transmitting   site   at 

Votanikos。   Here   they   tried   to   destroy   six   300   foot   tubular   masts。   One 

remained standing and also the lower part of another。 All the test gear in 

the lab was thrown out of a second floor window and burnt。 I was acting 

as   official   photographer   for   my   unit   at   the   time。   When   I   walked   into   a 

small store room I saw all the equipment had been thrown off the shelves 

on   to   the   floor�察  �but   appeared   to   be   intact。   I   spotted   a   box   of   brand   new 

packed German navy morse keys and decided the time had come for me to 

acquire a small war trophy of my own。 As I bent down to pick up a key�察�I 

was horrified to see two large sticks of gelignite perched perilously on the 

edge of a shelf。 The explosive was tied with white ribbon�察�with a weight 

attached to the other end。 I froze to the spot。 Gingerly I lifted my trophy 

out of the box and began to walk slowly backwards�察�being very careful not 

to knock anything over。 I breathed a sigh of relief when I was out of the 

room   and   immediately   alerted   the   engineers   who   came   and   defused   the 

booby   trap。   So   this   book   might   never   have   been   written   thanks   to   the 

German army。 

       At the Athens broadcasting station transmitter site at Liosia my unit 

erected a small temporary 'T' antenna which allowed the station to come 

on the air again�察�but a short time later�察�when the ELAS guerrillas overran 

the area they began using the transmitter to broadcast their own view of 

events。   We   provided   the   broadcasting   authority   with   a   BC   610   mobile 

transmitter installed next to the Parliament building in the centre of town�察�



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using     the  same     frequency     of  610    KHz。     Listeners    in  Cairo    couldn't 

understand   what   was   going on   when   one   moment   they  heard   an   official 

government announcement and a little later a war communique issued by 

the Communist guerrillas。 



     8。 Over´the´horizon or Ionospheric HF Radar ´ OTHR 

       As mentioned briefly in Chapter 1�察�it was in April 1976 that the then 

Soviet   Union   first   unleashed   a   diabolical   noise   on   the   HF   bands   which 

caused widespread interference to all broadcasting and telecommunication 

services   between   6   and   20   MHz。   On   the       first   day   the  ;knock´knock´ 

knock;   went   on   continuously   for   over   ten   hours。   Radio   amateurs�察  �who 

were among the services that suffered from the interference�察�soon came to 

call this noise ;the woodpecker;。 By rotating their beams when tuned to 

the   14   MHz   band      they   established    that   the  transmissions   appeared      to 

originate from the vicinity of the town of Gomel in the U。S。S。R。 

       The     governments       of   many      countries     world´wide      immediately 

protested to Moscow�察�and all they got in reply was a brief statement that 

the U。S。S。R。 was carrying out ;an experiment;。 

       The reason for the very strong on/off pulses was probably because�察�at 

first�察  �the   Russians   were   using   existing   radar   antennas   which   permit   the 

transmitting   and   receiving   functions   to   share   the   same   antenna。   Modern 

OTHR  installations have   different   transmitting   and   receiving   sites�察 �often 

located many miles apart。 

       From the early 1950s pulsed oblique ionosphere sounders had shown 

that the normal ionosphere is much more stable than had previously been 

thought to be。 The physical reason for this is that the incredibly tenuous 

ionized   gas   which   does   the   reflecting   has   a   molas
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