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is a city of churches�察�as though it were a place of 

pilgrimage。  You will see four within a stone´cast at the 

head of the West Bow。  Some are crowded to the doors�察�

some are empty like monuments�察�and yet you will ever find 

new ones in the building。  Hence that surprising clamour 

of church bells that suddenly breaks out upon the Sabbath 

morning from Trinity and the sea´skirts to Morningside on 

the borders of the hills。  I have heard the chimes of 

Oxford playing their symphony in a golden autumn morning�察�

and beautiful it was to hear。  But in Edinburgh all 

manner of loud bells join�察�or rather disjoin�察�in one 

swelling�察�brutal babblement of noise。  Now one overtakes 

another�察�and now lags behind it�察�now five or six all 

strike on the pained tympanum at the same punctual 

instant of time�察�and make together a dismal chord of 

discord�察�and now for a second all seem to have conspired 

to hold their peace。  Indeed�察�there are not many uproars 

in this world more dismal than that of the Sabbath bells 

in Edinburgh�此�a harsh ecclesiastical tocsin�察�the outcry 

of incongruous orthodoxies�察�calling on every separate 

conventicler to put up a protest�察�each in his own 

synagogue�察�against 'right´hand extremes and left´hand 

defections。'  And surely there are few worse extremes 

than this extremity of zeal�察�and few more deplorable 

defections than this disloyalty to Christian love。  

Shakespeare wrote a comedy of 'Much Ado about Nothing。'  

The Scottish nation made a fantastic tragedy on the same 

subject。  And it is for the success of this remarkable 

piece that these bells are sounded every Sabbath morning 

on the hills above the Forth。  How many of them might 

rest silent in the steeple�察�how many of these ugly 

churches might be demolished and turned once more into 

useful building material�察�if people who think almost 

exactly the same thoughts about religion would condescend 

to worship God under the same roof�  �But there are the 

chalk lines。  And which is to pocket pride�察�and speak the 

foremost word��





CHAPTER V。

GREYFRIARS。





IT was Queen Mary who threw open the gardens of the 

Grey Friars�此�a new and semi´rural cemetery in those days�察�

although it has grown an antiquity in its turn and been 

superseded by half´a´dozen others。  The Friars must have 

had a pleasant time on summer evenings�察�for their gardens 

were situated to a wish�察�with the tall castle and the 

tallest of the castle crags in front。  Even now�察�it is 

one of our famous Edinburgh points of view�察�and strangers 

are led thither to see�察�by yet another instance�察�how 

strangely the city lies upon her hills。  The enclosure is 

of an irregular shape�察�the double church of Old and New 

Greyfriars stands on the level at the top�察�a few thorns 

are dotted here and there�察�and the ground falls by 

terrace and steep slope towards the north。  The open 

shows many slabs and table tombstones�察�and all round the 

margin�察�the place is girt by an array of aristocratic 

mausoleums appallingly adorned。



Setting aside the tombs of Roubiliac�察�which belong 

to the heroic order of graveyard art�察�we Scotch stand�察�to 

my fancy�察�highest among nations in the matter of grimly 

illustrating death。  We seem to love for their own sake 

the emblems of time and the great change�察�and even around 

country churches you will find a wonderful exhibition of 

skulls�察�and crossbones�察�and noseless angels�察�and trumpets 

pealing for the Judgment Day。  Every mason was a 

pedestrian Holbein�此�he had a deep consciousness of death�察�

and loved to put its terrors pithily before the 

churchyard loiterer�察�he was brimful of rough hints upon 

mortality�察�and any dead farmer was seized upon to be a 

text。  The classical examples of this art are in 

Greyfriars。  In their time�察�these were doubtless costly 

monuments�察�and reckoned of a very elegant proportion by 

contemporaries�察�and now�察�when the elegance is not so 

apparent�察�the significance remains。  You may perhaps look 

with a smile on the profusion of Latin mottoes ´ some 

crawling endwise up the shaft of a pillar�察�some issuing 

on a scroll from angels' trumpets ´ on the emblematic 

horrors�察�the figures rising headless from the grave�察�and 

all the traditional ingenuities in which it pleased our 

fathers to set forth their sorrow for the dead and their 

sense of earthly mutability。  But it is not a hearty sort 

of mirth。  Each ornament may have been executed by the 

merriest apprentice�察�whistling as he plied the mallet�察�

but the original meaning of each�察�and the combined effect 

of so many of them in this quiet enclosure�察�is serious to 

the point of melancholy。



Round a great part of the circuit�察�houses of a low 

class present their backs to the churchyard。  Only a few 

inches separate the living from the dead。  Here�察�a window 

is partly blocked up by the pediment of a tomb�察�there�察�

where the street falls far below the level of the graves�察�

a chimney has been trained up the back of a monument�察�and 

a red pot looks vulgarly over from behind。  A damp smell 

of the graveyard finds its way into houses where workmen 

sit at meat。  Domestic life on a small scale goes forward 

visibly at the windows。  The very solitude and stillness 

of the enclosure�察�which lies apart from the town's 

traffic�察�serves to accentuate the contrast。  As you walk 

upon the graves�察�you see children scattering crumbs to 

feed the sparrows�察�you hear people singing or washing 

dishes�察�or the sound of tears and castigation�察�the linen 

on a clothes´pole flaps against funereal sculpture�察�or 

perhaps the cat slips over the lintel and descends on a 

memorial urn。  And as there is nothing else astir�察�these 

incongruous sights and noises take hold on the attention 

and exaggerate the sadness of the place。



Greyfriars is continually overrun by cats。  I have 

seen one afternoon�察�as many as thirteen of them seated on 

the grass beside old Milne�察�the Master Builder�察�all sleek 

and fat�察�and complacently blinking�察�as if they had fed 

upon strange meats。  Old Milne was chaunting with the 

saints�察�as we may hope�察�and cared little for the company 

about his grave�察�but I confess the spectacle had an ugly 

side for me�察�and I was glad to step forward and raise my 

eyes to where the Castle and the roofs of the Old Town�察�

and the spire of the Assembly Hall�察�stood deployed 

against the sky with the colourless precision of 

engraving。  An open outlook is to be desired from a 

churchyard�察�and a sight of the sky and some of the 

world's beauty relieves a mind from morbid thoughts。



I shall never forget one visit。  It was a grey�察�

dropping day�察�the grass was strung with rain´drops�察�and 

the people in the houses kept hanging out their shirts 

and petticoats and angrily taking them in again�察�as the 

weather turned from wet to fair and back again。  A grave´

digger�察�and a friend of his�察�a gardener from the country�察�

accompanied me into one after another of the cells and 

little courtyards in which it gratified the wealthy of 

old days to enclose their old bones from neighbourhood。  

In one�察�under a sort of shrine�察�we found a forlorn human 

effigy�察�very realistically executed down to the detail of 

his ribbed stockings�察�and holding in his hand a ticket 

with the date of his demise。  He looked most pitiful and 

ridiculous�察�shut up by himself in his aristocratic 

precinct�察�like a bad old boy or an inferior forgotten 

deity under a new dispensation�察�the burdocks grew 

familiarly about his feet�察�the rain dripped all round 

him�察�and the world maintained the most entire 

indifference as to who he was or whither he had gone。  In 

another�察�a vaulted tomb�察�handsome externally but horrible 

inside with damp and cobwebs�察�there were three mounds of 

black earth and an uncovered thigh bone。  This was the 

place of interment�察�it appeared�察�of a family with whom 

the gardener had been long in service。  He was among old 

acquaintances。  'This'll be Miss Marg'et's��' said he�察�

giving the bone a friendly kick。  'The auld ´ ��'  I have 

always an uncomfortable feeling in a graveyard�察�at sight 

of so many tombs to perpetuate memories best forgotten�察�

but I never had the impression so strongly as that day。  

People had been at some expense in both these cases�此�to 

provoke a melancholy feeling of derision in the one�察�and 

an insulting epithet in the other。  The proper 

inscription for the most part of mankind�察�I began to 

think�察�is the cynical jeer�察�CRAS TIBI。  That�察�if 

anything�察�will stop the mouth of a carper�察�since it both 

admits the worst and carries the war triumphantly into 

the enemy's camp。



Greyfriars is a place of many associations。  There 

was one window in a house at the lower end�察�now 

demolished�察�which was pointed out to me by the 

gravedigger as a spot of legendary interest。  Burke�察�the 

resurrection man�察�infamous for so many murders at five 

shillings a´head�察�used to sit thereat�察�with pipe and 

nightcap�察�to watch burials going forward on the green。  

In a tomb higher up�察�which must then have been but newly 

finished�察�John Knox�察�according to the same informant�察�had 

taken refuge in a turmoil of the Reformation。  Behind the 

church is the haunted mausoleum of Sir George Mackenzie�此�

Bloody Mackenzie�察�Lord Advocate in the Covenanting 

troubles and author of some pleasing sentiments on 

toleration。  Here�察�in the last century�察�an old Heriot's 

Hospital boy once harboured from the pursuit of the 

police。  The Hospital is next door to Greyfriars ´ a 

courtly building among lawns�察�where�察�on Founder's Day�察�

you may see a multitude of children playing Kiss´in´the´

Ring and Round the Mulberry´bush。  Thus�察�when the 

fugitive had managed to conceal himself in the tomb�察�his 

old schoolmates had a hundred opportunities to bring him 

food�察�and there he lay in safety till a ship was found to 

smuggle him abroad。  But his must hav
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