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the essays of montaigne, v3-第6部分
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Neither health; which I have hitherto ever enjoyed very strong and
vigorous; and very seldom interrupted; does prolong; nor sickness
contract my hopes。 Every minute; methinks; I am escaping; and it
eternally runs in my mind; that what may be done to…morrow; may be done
to…day。 Hazards and dangers do; in truth; little or nothing hasten our
end; and if we consider how many thousands more remain and hang over our
heads; besides the accident that immediately threatens us; we shall find
that the sound and the sick; those that are abroad at sea; and those that
sit by the fire; those who are engaged in battle; and those who sit idle
at home; are the one as near it as the other。
〃Nemo altero fragilior est; nemo in crastinum sui certior。〃
'〃No man is more fragile than another: no man more certain than
another of to…morrow。〃Seneca; Ep。; 91。'
For anything I have to do before I die; the longest leisure would appear
too short; were it but an hour's business I had to do。
A friend of mine the other day turning over my tablets; found therein a
memorandum of something I would have done after my decease; whereupon I
told him; as it was really true; that though I was no more than a
league's distance only from my own house; and merry and well; yet when
that thing came into my head; I made haste to write it down there;
because I was not certain to live till I came home。 As a man that am
eternally brooding over my own thoughts; and confine them to my own
particular concerns; I am at all hours as well prepared as I am ever like
to be; and death; whenever he shall come; can bring nothing along with
him I did not expect long before。 We should always; as near as we can;
be booted and spurred; and ready to go; and; above all things; take care;
at that time; to have no business with any one but one's self:
〃Quid brevi fortes jaculamur avo
Multa?〃
'〃Why for so short a life tease ourselves with so many projects?〃
Hor。; Od。; ii。 16; 17。'
for we shall there find work enough to do; without any need of addition。
One man complains; more than of death; that he is thereby prevented of a
glorious victory; another; that he must die before he has married his
daughter; or educated his children; a third seems only troubled that he
must lose the society of his wife; a fourth; the conversation of his son;
as the principal comfort and concern of his being。 For my part; I am;
thanks be to God; at this instant in such a condition; that I am ready to
dislodge; whenever it shall please Him; without regret for anything
whatsoever。 I disengage myself throughout from all worldly relations;
my leave is soon taken of all but myself。 Never did any one prepare to
bid adieu to the world more absolutely and unreservedly; and to shake
hands with all manner of interest in it; than I expect to do。 The
deadest deaths are the best:
〃‘Miser; O miser;' aiunt; 'omnia ademit
Una dies infesta mihi tot praemia vitae。'〃
'〃'Wretch that I am;' they cry; 'one fatal day has deprived me of
all joys of life。'〃Lucretius; iii。 911。'
And the builder;
〃Manuet;〃 says he; 〃opera interrupta; minaeque
Murorum ingentes。〃
'〃The works remain incomplete; the tall pinnacles of the walls
unmade。〃AEneid; iv。 88。'
A man must design nothing that will require so much time to the
finishing; or; at least; with no such passionate desire to see it brought
to perfection。 We are born to action:
〃Quum moriar; medium solvar et inter opus。〃
'〃When I shall die; let it be doing that I had designed。〃
Ovid; Amor。; ii。 10; 36。
I would always have a man to be doing; and; as much as in him lies; to
extend and spin out the offices of life; and then let death take me
planting my cabbages; indifferent to him; and still less of my gardens
not being finished。 I saw one die; who; at his last gasp; complained of
nothing so much as that destiny was about to cut the thread of a
chronicle he was then compiling; when he was gone no farther than the
fifteenth or sixteenth of our kings:
〃Illud in his rebus non addunt: nec tibi earum
jam desiderium rerum super insidet una。〃
'〃They do not add; that dying; we have no longer a desire to possess
things。〃Lucretius; iii。 913。'
We are to discharge ourselves from these vulgar and hurtful humours。
To this purpose it was that men first appointed the places of sepulture
adjoining the churches; and in the most frequented places of the city; to
accustom; says Lycurgus; the common people; women; and children; that
they should not be startled at the sight of a corpse; and to the end;
that the continual spectacle of bones; graves; and funeral obsequies
should put us in mind of our frail condition:
〃Quin etiam exhilarare viris convivia caede
Mos olim; et miscere epulis spectacula dira
Certantum ferro; saepe et super ipsa cadentum
Pocula; respersis non parco sanguine mensis。〃
'〃It was formerly the custom to enliven banquets with slaughter; and
to combine with the repast the dire spectacle of men contending with
the sword; the dying in many cases falling upon the cups; and
covering the tables with blood。〃Silius Italicus; xi。 51。'
And as the Egyptians after their feasts were wont to present the company
with a great image of death; by one that cried out to them; 〃Drink and be
merry; for such shalt thou be when thou art dead〃; so it is my custom to
have death not only in my imagination; but continually in my mouth。
Neither is there anything of which I am so inquisitive; and delight to
inform myself; as the manner of men's deaths; their words; looks; and
bearing; nor any places in history I am so intent upon; and it is
manifest enough; by my crowding in examples of this kind; that I have a
particular fancy for that subject。 If I were a writer of books; I would
compile a register; with a comment; of the various deaths of men: he who
should teach men to die would at the same time teach them to live。
Dicarchus made one; to which he gave that title。; but it was designed for
another and less profitable end。
Peradventure; some one may object; that the pain and terror of dying so
infinitely exceed all manner of imagination; that the best fencer will be
quite out of his play when it comes to the push。 Let them say what they
will: to premeditate is doubtless a very great advantage; and besides; is
it nothing to go so far; at least; without disturbance or alteration?
Moreover; Nature herself assists and encourages us: if the death be
sudden and violent; we have not leisure to fear; if otherwise; I perceive
that as I engage further in my disease; I naturally enter into a certain
loathing and disdain of life。 I find I have much more ado to digest this
resolution of dying; when I am well in health; than when languishing of a
fever; and by how much I have less to do with the commodities of life;
by reason that I begin to lose the use and pleasure of them; by so much I
look upon death with less terror。 Which makes me hope; that the further
I remove from the first; and the nearer I approach to the latter; I shall
the more easily exchange the one for the other。 And; as I have
experienced in other occurrences; that; as Caesar says; things often
appear greater to us at distance than near at hand; I have found; that
being well; I have had maladies in much greater horror than when really
afflicted with them。 The vigour wherein I now am; the cheerfulness and
delight wherein I now live; make the contrary estate appear in so great a
disproportion to my present condition; that; by imagination; I magnify
those inconveniences by one…half; and apprehend them to be much more
troublesome; than I find them really to be; when they lie the most heavy
upon me; I hope to find death the same。
Let us but observe in the ordinary changes and declinations we daily
suffer; how nature deprives us of the light and sense of our bodily
decay。 What remains to an old man of the vigour of his youth and better
days?
〃Heu! senibus vitae portio quanta manet。〃
'〃Alas; to old men what portion of life remains!〃…Maximian; vel
Pseudo…Gallus; i。 16。'
Caesar; to an old weather…beaten soldier of his guards; who came to ask
him leave that he might kill himself; taking notice of his withered body
and decrepit motion; pleasantly answered; 〃Thou fanciest; then; that thou
art yet alive。〃'Seneca; Ep。; 77。' Should a man fall into this
condition on the sudden; I do not think humanity capable of enduring such
a change: but nature; leading us by the hand; an easy and; as it were; an
insensible pace; step by step conducts us to that miserable state; and by
that means makes it familiar to us; so that we are insensible of the
stroke when our youth dies in us; though it be really a harder death than
the final dissolution of a languishing body; than the death of old age;
forasmuch as the fall is not so great from an uneasy being to none at
all; as it is from a sprightly and flourishing being to one that is
troublesome and painful。 The body; bent and bowed; has less force to
support a burden; and it is the same with the soul; and therefore it is;
that we are to raise her up firm and erect against the power of this
adversary。 For; as it is impossible she should ever be at rest; whilst
she stands in fear of it; so; if she once can assure herself; she may
boast (which is a thing as it were surpassing human condition) that it is
impossible that disquiet; anxiety; or fear; or any other disturbance;
should inhabit or have any place in her:
〃Non vulnus instants Tyranni
Mentha cadi solida; neque Auster
Dux inquieti turbidus Adriae;
Nec fulminantis magna Jovis manus。〃
'〃Not the menacing look of a tyrant shakes her well…settled soul;
nor turbulent Auster; the prince of the stormy Adriatic; nor yet the
strong hand of thundering Jove; such a temper moves。〃
Hor。; Od。; iii。 3; 3。'
She is then become soverei
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