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north american species of cactus(臼胆鷲繁嫺)-及12何蛍
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mm。�� spines�察 �all of which are black´tipped ��the centrals black half way
down�察�shading into red���察�and pink flowers。Type�察�Alverson's specimens in
Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 and in Herb。 Coulter。
In the desert region of extreme southeastern California。
Specimens examined�此�Southern California ��A。 H。 Alverson of 1892���此�
also growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
The covering of stout bushy interlocking spines is like that of var。
deserti�察 �but the black and reddish coloration gives a decidedly different
appearance。On account of this appearance of a reddish´black brush the
plant has been popularly called ;foxtail cactus。;The decidedly pink
flowers were sent by Mr。 S。 B。 Parish from specimens growing in
cultivation in San Diego�察�and are not from the original collection of Mr。
Alverson。
64。 Cactus macromeris��Engelm。�� Kuntze Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 ��1891��。
Mamillaria macromerisEngelm。 Wisliz。 Rep。 13 ��1848��。 Mamillaria
heteromorphaScheer in Salm。 Cact。 Hort。 Dyck。 128 ��1850��。 Mamillaria
dactylitheleLabouret�察�Monogr。 Cact。 146 ��1858��。
Ovate or cylindrical�察�5 to 10 cm。 high�察�simple or branching from the
base and at length cespitose�此�tubercles large�察�loose and spreading�察�from a
dilated base�察 �more or less elongated ��12 to 30 mm。�� and teretish ��often
incurved���察�the groove absent in young plants and never reaching the axil�此�
radial spines 10 to 17�察 �slender and terete�察 �or stouter and often angled�察�
spreading�察�12 to 40 mm。 long�察�whitish ��or more or less rose´colored when
young���察 �straight or a little curved�察 �central spines 4 ��or fewer in young
plants or even wanting���察�spreading�察�25 to 55 mm。 long�察�stouter�察�bulbous at
base�察 �mostly black ��the lowest the longest and stoutest���察 �straight or
sometimes curved or twisted�此 �flowers 6 to 7。5 cm。 long and of same
diameter�察�deep red to purple�此�fruit ovate´subglobose�察�green�察�15 to 25 mm�察�
long�此�seeds globose´obovate�察�yellow�察�and smooth。 1。2 to 1。6 mm。 long。 ��Ill。
Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 14 and 15��Type�察�Wislizenus of 1846 in Herb。 Mo。
Bot。 Gard。
Mostly in loose sand�察�in the valley of the Rio Grande ��on both sides of
the river���察�from southern New Mexico to Eagle Pass�察�Texas�察�and doubtless
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North American Species of Cactus
further down。
Specimens examined�此�New Mexico ��Wislizenus of 1846�察�Wright 384�察�
531�察�of 1852�察�G。 R。 Vasey of 1881���此�Texas ��Wright of 1850�察�1851�察�1852�察�
Bigelow of 1852���此 �Chihuahua ��Evans of 1891�察 �Budd of 1891���此 �also
growing in Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 1893。
This species shows an interesting transition from Coryphantha to
Echinocactus。The woolly groove of the Coryphantha extends from the
spine´bearing areola to the axil of the tubercle�察�where it expands into the
flower´bearing areola。In C。 macromeris the groove extends only about half
way down the tubercle and gives origin to the flower´bearing areola on the
side of the tubercle�察 �while in Echinocactus the flower´bearing areola
becomes adjacent to the spine´bearing areola and the flower appears at the
summit of the tubercle。
ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE
SPECIES。
It seems impossible to make a simple artificial key that will serve as a
useful guide to each individual species and variety。Our knowledge of so
many of the species is imperfect�察�that no set of characters can be applied
throughout。However�察 �as no plants are collected in such fragmentary
condition�察�it will be useful to construct a key based upon such characters
as are always likely to be present�察 �even if specific distinctions are not
always reached。In many cases�察 �species are so closely and differently
related to each other that the complete descriptions will have to be
consulted to determine the differences�察�and in such cases the artificial key
can only indicate the group。Even the full descriptions are very compact�察�
all characters not necessary for discrimination having been eliminated。No
attempt need be made to determine any species by means of the flowers
alone。In most cases more or less of the plant body will be available�察�
presenting spine and tubercle characters�察 �and these are used in the
following key。The distinction between Eumamillaria and Coryphantha�察�on
the basis of grooveless and grooved tubercles should always be made out
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North American Species of Cactus
easily。It may be useful to suggest as a caution�察 �however�察 �that often
tubercles in drying develop folds which simulate grooves�察�and especially
is this true in quadrangular tubercles。In such cases it is necessary to restore
the original plumpness of the tubercle by boiling�察�before the presence or
absence of the groove can be definitely determined。The species and
varieties are indicated only by their specific or varietal names in the
following key�察 �and the numbers refer to the serial numbers of the
synoptical presentation。Forms occurring within the United States are
marked with an ;*;�此�
I。 Tubercles never grooved。
* Central spines none。
Radials 5 to 9�察�stout。meiacanthus* ��7��。
Radials 20 to 40。micromeris* ��12���察�greggii ��13��。
Radials 40 to 80。lasiacanthus* ��10���察�denudatus* ��11��。
** Central spine solitary and not hooked。
�� Central spine longer than the radials。
Radials 7 or 8�此�tubercles very long ��40 to 50 mm。��。longimamma ��36��。
Radials 15 to 20�此�tubercles 6 to 8 mm。 long。eschanzieri ��21��。
���� Central spine shorter than the radials。
Radials 5 to 9�察�stout。 meiacanthus* ��7��。
Radials 9 to 22。heyderi* ��5���察 �hemisphaericus* ��6���察 �gummiferus ��8���察�
gabbii ��34����sphaericus ��35��。
*** Central spine solitary and hooked。
�� Stems slender cylindric�此�Lower Californian。
Centrals 1�察�20 to 30 mm。 long。 roseanus ��23��。
Centrals 1 to 4�察�20 to 50 mm。 long。 setispinus ��24��。
���� Stems depressed´globose to ovate。
Radials 4 to 6�察�rigid。 uncinatus ��9��。
Radials 8 to 12。 wrightii* ��15��。
Radials 15 to 30。 grahami* ��19���察�eschanzieri ��21��。
Radials 50 to 60。 barbatus ��18��。
**** Central spines more than one�察�and none of them hooked。
�� Slender or sometimes stout cylindrical plants�察 �branching atbase�此�
Lower Californian。
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North American Species of Cactus
brandegei ��3���察�setispinus ��24���察�halei ��25��。
���� Depressed´globose to ovate and stout cylindrical。
���� Radials few ��3 to 12�� and rigid�此�Mexican。
Radials 3�此�centrals 3。 alternatus ��1��
Radials 7 or 8�此�tubercles 40 to 50 mm。 long。 longimamma ��36��。
Radials 10 to 12�此�tubercles 12 to 15 mm。 long。 gummiferus ��8��。��������
Radials numerous ��16 to 60���察�capillary or bristle´like。
Radials 15 to 30�察 �slender but rigid ��bristly��。 acanthophlegmus��2���察�
densispinus ��4���察 �bispinus ��14����rhodanthus ��26���察 �sulphureospinus ��27���察�
palmeri ��29���察�pringlei ��32��。
Radials 30 to 60 or more�察 �mostly capillary。 tetrancistrus* ��22���察�
capillaris ��28���察�texanus* ��31���察�spaerotrichus ��33��。
***** Central spines more than one and but one of them hooked。
Radials 10 to 15。 goodrichii* ��16���察�setispinus ��24��。
Radials 15 to 30。 pondii ��17���察�grahami* ��19���察�bocasanus ��20��。
Radials 30 to 60。 tetrancistrus ��22��。
****** Central spines more than one�察 �and more then one of
themhooked。
Radials 8 to 12。 wrightii* ��15��。
Radials 30 to 60。 tetrancistrus ��22��。
II。 Tubercles with a more or less prominent groove。
* Central spines none。
�� Radials whitish and rigid�察 �oppressed ��pectinate�� and interwoven
with adjacent clusters。
Depressed´globose and simple。 compactus ��44��。
Globose and simple。 radians* ��45���察�corniferus ��47��。
Cespitose。 pectenoides ��46���察�sulcatus* ��49��。
���� Radials more slender and spreading。
Radials 10 to 17。 missouriensis* ��37���察�similis* ��38���察�macromeris* ��64��。
Radials 30 to 50�察�capillary。 dasyacanthus* ��51��。
** Central spine solitary�察�not hooked。
�� Central spine porrect。
Radials 6 to 17。 missouriensis* ��37���察�robustior* ��39���察�scheerii* ��40��。
Radials 30 to 50�察�white and capillary。 dasyacanthus* ��51��。
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North American Species of Cactus
���� Central spine curved downwards。
Radials 8 to 12。 sulcatus* ��49��。
Radials 12 to 26。 robustispinus ��41���察�recurvatus ��42���察�corniferus ��47���察�
scolymoides* ��48��。
������ Central spine erect�此�Mexican。
Radials 7 or 8�此�central 50 mm。 long。 salm´dyckianus ��43��。
Radials 10 or 11�此�central 25 to 35 mm。 long。 maculatus ��52��。
Radials 13 to 16。 compactus ��44��。
*** Central spine solitary and hooked。
brunneus ��53��。
**** Central spines more than one and none of them hooked。
Centrals 2�此 �radials 6 to 20。 scheerii* ��40����
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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