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north american species of cactus(臼胆鷲繁嫺)-及13何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
Centrals 2�此 �radials 6 to 20。 scheerii* ��40���察 �robustispinus ��41���察�
recurvatus ��42���察�scolymoides* ��48��。
Centrals 3�此�radials 6 to 40。 scheerii* ��40���察�scolymoides* ��48���察�echinus*
��50���察�conoideus ��54���察�neo´mexicanus* ��59���察�arizonicus* ��60��。
Centrals 4 or 5�此 �radials 6 to 40。 scheerii* ��40���察 �scolymoides* ��48���察�
echinus* ��50���察 �conoideus ��54���察 �tuberculosus* ��56���察 �viviparus* ��57���察�
radiosus* ��58���察�neo´mexicanus* ��59��。 arizonicus* ��60���察�macromeris* ��64��。
Centrals 6 or 7�此 �radials 12 to 40。 potsii* ��55���察 �tuberculosus*��56���察�
viviparus* ��57���察�neo´mexicanus* ��59���察�arizonicus* ��60���察�chloranthus ��62��。
Centrals 8 to 14�此�radials 12 to 40 or more。 potsii* ��55���察�tuberculosus*
��56���察 �viviparus* ��57���察 �neo´mexicanus* ��59���察 �deserti* ��61���察 �chloranthus*
��62���察�alversoni* ��63��。
GEOGRAPHICAL
DISTRIBUTION
It is only possible to deal with the forms that occur within the borders
of the United States�察 �as even individual stations of common Mexican
forms are little if at all known。These United States forms represent a
northern extension of an abundant Mexican display。The group
EUMAMILLARIA�察�containing twelve of the thirty´one forms defined as
occurring north of the Rio Grande�察�makes the feeblest extension northward�察�
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North American Species of Cactus
at no place being found far from the boundary�察 �and all the twelve are
Mexican forms which extend but slightly into the United States。Only five
of the forms are found east of the Pecos�此 �heyderi�察 �the most widely
distributed EUMAMILLARIA�察�extending from the southeastern border of
Texas westward along the whole Mexican boundary except in California�察�
hemisphaericus�察 �extending through southern Texas and southern New
Mexico�察�meiacanthus�察 �also along the Mexican border of Texas and New
Mexico�察�texanus�察�a low ground form of the Rio Grande Valley�察�extending
from the mouth of the river to El Paso�察�and suggesting a connection with
the West Indian stellatus�察�and sphaericus�察�another low ground valley form
of similar range�察�but apparently only extending up the Rio Grande to the
region of Eagle Pass。
The Pecos forms the eastern boundary of five other
EUMAMILLARIA forms�此 �micromeris�察 �extending northward from
Coahuila and Chihuahua�察 �apparently only in the mountains between the
Pecos and El Paso�察 �wrightii�察 �of similar narrow northward extension�察 �but
ranging further northward on the high plains of the Upper Pecos in New
Mexico�察�denudatus�察 �also with a narrow northward extension west of the
Pecos�察 �lasiacanthus�察 �extending from Chihuahua with a northern limit
between the Pecos and Arizona�察�and grahami�察�a Sonoran type which has
spread between the Pecos and southeastern California。
The ten preceding forms have evidently entered our borders from the
highlands of Sonora and Chihuahua�察�with the exception of the Rio Grande
Valley forms�察�texanus and sphaericus。Another species�察�tetrancistrus�察�is also
a Sonoran type which has reached the eastern slopes of the mountains of
southeastern California�察�and extended through western Arizona to southern
Nevada and southern Utah�察 �the most extended northern range of any
EUMAMILLARIA。The twelfth form�察 �goodrichii�察 �is Lower Californian�察�
and extends into California only in San Diego County。A summarized
statement of the distribution of our twelve EUMAMILLARIA would be
that two of them have extended from the low grounds of Coahuila and
Chihuahua and spread along the valley of the Rio Grande�察�nine have come
from the high grounds of Chihuahua and Sonora�察 �four of which have
extended eastward to the low levels of southeastern Texas�察�four have kept
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North American Species of Cactus
to the highlands west of the Pecos�察 �and one has kept to the Colorado
Valley and its tributaries�察 �while one has a short northern extension from
Lower California。
The nineteen forms of CORYPHANTHA are decidedly more northern
in their distribution�察�and are our characteristic representatives of the genus
Cactus。Ten of these�察 �however�察 �are but northern extensions of Mexican
forms�察�and six of the ten have simply that tongue´like northern extension
in the mountains between the Pecos and the Upper Rio Grande ��above。 El
Paso���察 �viz。�此 �dasyacanthus�察 �tuberculosus�察 �scheerii ��which has also spread
somewhat east of the Pecos���察 �and the three pectinate and closely related
forms radians�察 �echinus�察 �and scolymoides。Of the four remaining Mexican
forms�察 �macromeris is a low ground Rio Grande Valley form�察 �extending
from above El Paso well towards the Lower Rio Grande�察 �potsii just
crosses the border in the neighborhood of Laredo�察�and radiosus and neo´
mexicanus have by far the greatest northern extension�察 �stretching from
Sonora and Chihuahua to southern Utah and central Colorado�察 �and
eastward to the Guadalupe River of Texas。
The nine remaining coryphanths are distinctly forms of the United
States�察�occupying two well´marked regions�察�viz。�此�the northern plains�察�and
the desert region of western Arizona and adjacent California�察�Nevada�察�and
Utah。In the former region is found the widespread viviparus�察 �which
extends from the southern borders of British America to the plains of
eastern Colorado and western Kansas�察 �and even crosses the Rocky
Mountain divide into northern Idaho and northeastern Washington�察 �and
missouriensis�察 �which also ranges from the high prairies of the Upper
Missouri to the same southern limit�察 �and is continued southward into
Texas in its varieties similis and robustior。
In the Arizona desert region�察�four distinct but closely allied forms have
become differentiated from the strong radiosus stock�察 �viz。�此 �arizonicus�察�
deserti�察 �alversoni�察 �and chloranthus�察 �all of which might be regarded as
distinct species。In southeastern Texas is found an isolated form�察�sulcatus�察�
occurring between the Brazos and Nueces rivers。That viviparus must be
regarded as a strong northern extension of the radiosus stock can not be
doubted�察 �as the low depressed cespitose northern form seems to merge
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North American Species of Cactus
southward so gradually into the simple more robust ovate to cylindrical
forms of radiosus as to suggest the propriety of regarding them all as
specifically identical。
The result of a closer inspection of the distribution of these nearly
related forms is worthy of note。C。 viviparus extends from British America
and the Upper Missouri to eastern Colorado and western Kansas�察 �neo´
mexicanus ��the form most nearly related to viviparus�� extends from central
Colorado and southern Utah into Mexico�察�at the southeastern edge of this
range begins radiosus and extends eastward through southern Texas�察�from
the western edge of neo´mexicanus the form arizonicus extends westward
into southern California�察�touching chloranthus at its Utah limit�察�and at its
California extension reaching alversoni and deserti�察 �the latter of which
extends northward into the desert region of southeastern California and
adjacent Nevada。Taking this type as of Mexican origin�察�it seems to have
entered the United States from Sonora and Chihuahua�察�and to have spread
in three directions�察�viz。�此�eastward through southern Texas�察�westward and
northwestward into southern California and southern�察�Utah�察�and northward
to the head waters of the Missouri and British America�察�though we would
limit the northern extension of the present specific type to central
Colorado�察�and would regard the still more northern forms as of the same
origin but entitled to specific rank。
2。 ANHALONIUMLem。 Cact。 Gen。 Nov。 ��1839��。
Depressed or flattened�察�simple�察�unarmed plants�察�covered with peculiar
imbricated tubercles above and their scale´like remains below�此 �tubercle
with lower and upper parts very different�察�lower part comparatively thin
and flat�察�upper exposed part triangular in outline and divergent�察�very thick
and hard�察�the lower surface smooth and keeled�察�the upper surface plane or
convex�察 �smooth or tuberculate or variously fissured�察 �with a broad wool´
bearing groove or simply a more or less evident tomentulose apical areola�此�
spine´bearing areola obsolete�此�flower´bearing areola at the summit of the
lower peduncle´like portion of the very young tubercle ��thus appearing
axillary with reference to the exposed part of the tubercle�� and bearing a
dense penicellate tuft of long soft hairs which conceals the lower part of
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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