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north american species of cactus(臼胆鷲繁嫺)-及2何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



material。The      whole     group    is  to  be  regarded     as  made     up   of  poorly 

differentiated     forms    and   only   long   observation     under    cultivation    can 

determine   the   possibilities   of   specific   variation   under   the   influence   of 

environment�察�of age�察�of inherent tendencies。For instance�察�that these plants 

change in form and in spine characters with increasing age and after they 

have begun to flower can not be doubted�察�but what described forms have 

thus been separated in descriptions can only be guessed at。 

     John    M。   Coulter。Lake      Forest   University��Lake      Forest�察  �Ill。�察 �January�察�

1891。 



        CACTUS�察�ANHALONIUM�察�AND 

                         LOPHOPHORA。 



         1。 CACTUS Linn。 Sp。 Pl。 466 ��1753���察�restricted。 



     MAMILLARIA Haw。 Synop。 177 ��1812���察�not Stackh。 ��1809��。 

     Usually globose to oblong plants ��simple�察�branching or cespitose���察�but 



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                              North American Species of Cactus 



sometimes       slender´cylindrical�察     �covered     with    spine´bearing      tubercles�此�

flower´bearing       areola    axillary   ��with   reference     to  tubercles���察   �entirely 

separate     from    the  terminal    spine´bearing      areola�察  �although    sometimes 

��Coryphantha�� connected with it by a woolly groove along the upper face 

of   the  tubercle�此   �ovary   naked�此   �seeds   smooth    or  pitted�此  �embryo     usually 

straight�察   �with   short  cotyledons。     Originally   defined     by   Linnaeus    in  his 

Systema�察�ed。 l ��1735��。 

     The   Linnaean   genus   Cactus   of   1753   included   22   species   and   was 

coextensive with the present order。In 1812 the species were separated by 

Haworth       into   five  genera�察   �the   original    generic    name    Cactus     being 

discarded。Among these species C。 mamillaris seems to have stood as the 

type�察   �not  only   of   the  Linnaean     genus    Cactus�察  �but   also   of  Haworth's 

Mamillaria�察�and as such should retain the original generic name。Besides�察�

Mamillaria      was   used    as  the  generic    name    of  an  alga   in  1809。Cactus 

mamillaris L。 is the West Indian Mamillaria simplex Haw。 

     From one point of view the two sections of the genus ��Eumamillaria 

and     Coryphantha��       deserve    generic    separation�察    �for   the  character     of 

grooveless and grooved tubercles seems to hold without exception�察�and the 

sections   are    separated   with    more   certainty   than   are   certain   species   of 

Coryphantha         and    Echinocactus。If       genera     are    simply     groups      of 

convenience the separation should be made。 

     I。 EUMAMILLARIA。Flowers from the axils of the older or full´grown 

tubercles   ��hence   usually   appearing   lateral���察  �mostly   small�察  �and   generally 

from whitish to pink or red�此�tubercles never grooved�此�fruit almost always 

clavate and scarlet。 

     A。 Tubercles more or less quadrangular。 

     *Central spines not hooked。 ��More than one central spine。 

                              1。 Cactus alternatus�察�sp。 nov。 

     Subglobose�察�10 cm。 in diameter�察�simple�此�tubercles long ��15 to 20 mm。�� 

and spreading�察�with woolly axils�此�radial spines 3�察�rigid and recurved�察�5 mm。 

long�察�central spines 3�察�very stout and much recurved�察�20 to 30 mm。 long�察�

alternating with the radials�察�all ashy colored and often twisted�此�flower and 

fruit unknown。Type in Herb。 Coulter。 

     The  few  spines�察 �with   the very  short   radials   alternating   with   the  very 



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                               North American Species of Cactus 



long and   stout   centrals�察 �furnish   a striking   character。  Occasionally  one   of 

the centrals is wanting。 

        2。Cactus acanthophlegmus ��Lehm。�� Kuntze�察�Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 

                                           ��1891��。 

     Mamillaria acanthophlegma Lehm。 Delect。 Sem。 Hamb。 ��1833�� 

     Subglobose with a deeply depressed vertex�察�or becoming cylindrical�察�3 

to   8。5   cm。    in  diameter�此    �tubercles     sharply    quadrangular´conical�察        �with 

densely woolly axils�此�radial spines 15 to 30�察�white�察�very slender ��bristly�� 

and radiant�察�sometimes coarse capillary�察�4 to 7 mm。 long�察�interwoven with 

those   of   neighboring   tubercles   and   so   covering   the   whole   plant�察  �central 

spines 2   to   4�察�robust   and  straight�察�erect or divergent�察�whitish or   reddish�察�

black´tipped�察�5 to 6。5 mm。 long�此�flowers reddish�察�1 to 2 cm。 broad�此�fruit 

unknown。Type unknown。 

     From Coahuila and San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca。Fl。 May。 

     Specimens   examined�此  �Coahuila   ��Poselger   of   1856�察  �Pringle   3116   of 

1890���此�San Luis Potosi ��Eschanzier of 1891��。 

     The   central   spines   are   quite   variable   in   number   and   arrangement。   In 

case   there   are   two   they   are   vertically   placed   and   are   either   erect   and 

parallel   or   widely   divergent。Even   three   centrals   may   occur   in   the   same 

vertical   plane�察  �but   more   usually   the   three   or   four   centrals   are   arranged 

about a center and are widely divergent。The tubercles are apt to persist and 

to become naked and corky with age。The axillary wool and the capillary 

radials   are   also   apt   to   be   more   or   less   persistent�察  �thus   giving   the   whole 

plant a woolly appearance。 

                               3。Cactus brandegei�察�sp。 nov。 

     Cylindrical�此�tubercles sharply quadrangular´conical�察�6 to 8 mm。 long�察�

with    densely     woolly     axils�此 �radial   spines    about    10�察  �slender    and   rigid�察�

whitish   with   dusky   tips�察  �spreading   but   not   radiant�察  �7   to   10   mm。   long�察�

central     spines    3   or   4�察  �stouter    and    slightly    longer�察   �erect´spreading 

��sometimes        slightly   curved���察   �reddish´brown        below�察   �becoming      blackish 

above�此     �flowers      small     ��scarcely     longer     than    the    tubercle�殖��此    �fruit 

unknown。Type in Herb。 Calif。 Acad。 

     San Jorge�察�Lower California。Fl。 April。 

     Specimens   examined�此  �Lower   California   ��Brandegee   of   1889�察  �at   San 



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                              North American Species of Cactus 



Jorge��。 

     The species has somewhat the spine characters of C。 palmeri�察�but the 

sharply   quadrangular   and   longer   tubercles   with   axillary   wool   free   from 

bristles suggest a very different affinity。 

                             4。Cactus densispinus�察�sp。 nov。 

     Globose�察  �7。5   cm。   in   diameter�察  �simple�此  �tubercles   short�察  �with   woolly 

axils�此  �radial   spines   about   25�察  �erect´spreading�察  �slender   but   rigid�察  �yellow 

��brownish to black with age���察�unequal�察�8 to 10 mm。 long�察�central spines 6�察�

a little longer ��10 to 12 mm。�� and straight�察�more rigid and darker�察�black´ 

tipped�此�seeds obovate�察�reddish´brown�察�1 mm。 long。Type in Herb。 Coulter。 

     Very     easily   distinguished     by    its  dense�察   �erect   spines�察  �which     so 

completely cover the plant as to give it the appearance of a large chestnut 

bur。Another much smaller form�察�which seems to be a variety�察�has stouter 

and   longer   ashy´white   spines�察  �the   centrals   darker´tipped�察  �and   the   lower 

centrals slightly curved。 

     ����   One   short   central   spine   ��rarely   two   or   none���此  �ovaries   immersed�此�

seeds small�察�yellow and rugulose�此�simple。 

       5。Cactus heyderi ��Muhlenpf。�� Kuntze�察�Rev。 Gen。 Pl。 260 ��1891��。 

     Mamillaria       heyderiMuhlenpf。         Allg。    Gart。    Zeit。   xvi。    20��1848��。 

Mamillaria   declivisDietr。 Allg。   Gart。   Zeit。   xviii。   235   ��1850��。   Mamillaria 

applanataEngelm。         Pl。  Lindh     198   ��1850��。Mamillaria        texensisLabouret�察�

Monogr。 Cact。 89 ��1858��。 

     Depressed�察�globose�察�usually with depressed vertex�察�8 to 12 cm。 broad�察�

2。5 to 5 cm。 high�此�tubercles elongated�此�radial spines 10 to 22�察�whitish�察�5 to 

12   mm。   long�察  �the   lower   usually   the   longer�察  �stouter�察  �and   often   darker�察�

central spine 4 to 8 mm。 long�察�light yellowish´brown�察�stout�察�straight�察�and 

porrect�此�flowers 2 to 2。5 cm。 long�察�reddish´white�此�fruit incurved�察�1。5 to 3 

cm。 long。 ��Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9。 figs。 4´14��。Type unknown。 

     From the Guadalupe River�察�Texas�察�to the mouth of the Rio Grande�察�and 

westward to Arizona and Sonora。Fl。 April�察�May。 

     Specimens examined�此�Texas ��Lindheimer of 1845�察�1847�察�1853�察�Wright 

226�察�also collections of 1849�察�1852�察�1853�察�1855�察�1856�察�Bigelow of 1853�察�

Trelease of 1892�察�Nealley of 1892���此�New Mexico ��Wright 311�察�Bigelow of 

1853�察�Evans of 1891���此�Arizona ��Pringle of 1881���此�also growing in Mo。 Bot。 



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                               North American Species of Cactus 



Gard。 1893�察�and in the World's Fair collection of Mrs。 Nickels。 

     The    radial   spines    are  somewhat       variable    in  relative   length�察  �often 

becoming almost equal�察�while sometimes the upper radials are very much 

reduced。The figure referred to in Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 is not satisfactory as 

to    the  general     habit   of   the  plant�察  �which     is  flat´topped     rather   than 

hemispherical。 

                    6。Cactus heyderi hemisphaericus ��Engelm。��。 

     Mamillaria hemisphaericaEngelm。 Pl。 Lindh。 198 ��1850��。 

     Differs in being hemispherical instead of flat´topped�察�in its fewer ��9 to 

12�� and shorter ��4 to 8 mm。�� radial spines�察�and much smaller less rough 

and lighter´colored seeds。��Ill。 Cact。 Mex。 Bound。 t。 9。 figs。 15´17��Type�察�the 

;Goebel's Garden; plants in Herb。 Mo。 Bot。 Gard。 

     Throughout southern Texas and southern New Mexico�察�and southward�察�

not   extending   so  
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