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the spirit of place and other essays(仇圭議娼舞吉)-及4何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
though he were invisible。 He never had the impersonal ways of a
herdsman in the remoter Apennines�察�with a blind�察�blank hut in the rocks
for his dwelling。 Millet would not even have taken him as a model for a
solitary in the briefer and milder sylvan solitudes of France。 And yet
nothing but a life´long�察 �habitual�察 �and wild solitariness would be quite
proportionate to a park of any magnitude。
If there is a look of human eyes that tells of perpetual loneliness�察�so
there is also the familiar look that is the sign of perpetual crowds。 It is
the London expression�察 �and�察 �in its way�察 �the Paris expression。 It is the
quickly caught�察 �though not interested�察�look�察 �the dull but ready glance of
those who do not know of their forfeited place apart�察�who have neither the
open secret nor the close�察 �no reserve�察 �no need of refuge�察 �no flight nor
impulse of flight�察�no moods but what they may brave out in the street�察�no
hope of news from solitary counsels。
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THE LADY OF THE LYRICS
She is eclipsed�察�or gone�察�or in hiding。 But the sixteenth century took
her for granted as the object of song�察�she was a class�察�a state�察�a sex。 It
was scarcely necessary to waste the lyrist's time´ ´time that went so gaily
to metre as not to brook delaysin making her out too clearly。 She had
no more of what later times call individuality than has the rose�察�her rival�察�
her foil when she was kinder�察�her superior when she was cruel�察�her ever
fresh and ever conventional paragon。 She needed not to be devised or
divined�察�she was ready。 A merry heart goes all the day�察�the lyrist's never
grew weary。 Honest men never grow tired of bread or of any other daily
things whereof the sweetness is in their own simplicity。
The lady of the lyrics was not loved in mortal earnest�察 �and her
punishment now and then for her ingratitude was to be told that she was
loved in jest。 She did not love�察�her fancy was fickle�察�she was not moved
by long service�察�which�察�by the way�察�was evidently to be taken for granted
precisely like the whole long past of a dream。 She had not a good temper。
When the poet groans it seems that she has laughed at him�察�when he flouts
her�察 �we may understand that she has chidden her lyrist in no temperate
terms。 In doing this she has sinned not so much against him as against
Love。 With that she is perpetually reproved。 The lyrist complains to
Love�察�pities Love for her scorning�察�and threatens to go away with Love�察�
who is on his side。 The sweetest verse is tuned to love when the loved
one proves worthy。
There is no record of success for this policy。 She goes on dancing or
scolding�察 �as the case may be�察 �and the lyrist goes on boasting of his
constancy�察�or suddenly renounces it for a day。 The situation has variants�察�
but no surprise or ending。 The lover's convention is explicit enough�察�but
it might puzzle a reader to account for the lady's。 Pride in her beauty�察�at
any rate�察�is herspride so great that she cannot bring herself to perceive
the shortness of her day。 She is so unobservant as to need to be told that
life is brief�察�and youth briefer than life�察�that the rose fades�察�and so forth。
Now we need not assume that the lady of the lyrics ever lived。 But
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taking her as the perfectly unanimous conception of the lyrists�察�how is it
she did not discover these things unaided�拭 �Why does the lover invariably
imagine her with a mind intensely irritable under his own praise and
poetry�拭 �Obviously we cannot have her explanation of any of these
matters。 Why do the poets so much lament the absence of truth in one
whose truth would be of little moment�拭 �And why was the convention so
pleasant�察�among all others�察�as to occupy a whole age nay�察�two great ages´
´of literature�拭�
Music seems to be principally answerable。 For the lyrics of the lady
are ;words for music; by a great majority。 There is hardly a single poem
in the Elizabethan Song´books�察�properly so named�察�that has what would in
our day be called a tone of sentiment。 Music had not then the tone
herself�察�she was ingenious�察�and so must the words be。 She had the air of
epigram�察�and an accurately definite limit。 So�察�too�察�the lady of the lyrics�察�
who might be called the lady of the stanzas�察 �so strictly does she go by
measure。 When she is quarrelsome�察 �it is but fuguishness�察 �when she
dances�察�she does it by a canon。 She could not but be perverse�察�merrily
sung to such grave notes。
So fixed was the law of this perversity that none in the song´books is
allowed to be kind enough for a ;melody�察─�except one lady only。 She may
thus derogate�察�for the exceedingly Elizabethan reason that she is ;brown。;
She is brown and kind�察 �and a ;sad flower�察─ �but the song made for her
would have been too insipid�察�apparently�察�without an antithesis。 The fair
one is warned that her disdain makes her even less lovely than the brown。
Fair as a lily�察�hard to please�察�easily angry�察�ungrateful for innumerable
verses�察�uncertain with the regularity of the madrigal�察�and inconstant with
the punctuality of a stanza�察 �she has gone with the arts of that day�察 �and
neither verse nor music will ever make such another lady。 She refused to
observe the transiency of roses�察 �she never really intendedmuch as she
was urgedto be a shepherdess�察�she was never persuaded to mitigate her
dress。 In return�察�the world has let her disappear。 She scorned the poets
until they turned upon her in the epigram of many a final couplet�察�and of
these the last has been long written。 Her ;No; was set to counterpoint in
the part´song�察�and she frightened Love out of her sight in a ballet。 Those
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occupations are gone�察�and the lovely Elizabethan has slipped away。 She
was something less than mortal。
But she who was more than mortal was mortal too。 This was no lady
of the unanimous lyrists�察 �but a rare visitant unknown to these exquisite
little talents。 She was not set for singing�察 �but poetry spoke of her�察�
sometimes when she was sleeping�察�and then Fletcher said ´
None can rock Heaven to sleep but her。
Or when she was singing�察�and Carew rhymed ´
Ask me no more whither doth haste The nightingale when May is
past�察�For in your sweet dividing throat She winters�察�and keeps warm her
note。
Sometimes when the lady was dead�察�and Carew�察�again�察�wrote on her
monument ´
And here the precious dust is laid�察�Whose purely´tempered clay was
made So fine that it the guest betrayed。
But there was besides another Lady of the lyrics�察�one who will never
pass from the world�察�but has passed from song。 In the sixteenth century
and in the seventeenth century this lady was Death。 Her inspiration
never failed�察 �not a poet but found it as fresh as the inspiration of life。
Fancy was not quenched by the inevitable thought in those days�察�as it is in
ours�察�and the phrase lost no dignity by the integrity of use。
To every man it happens that at one time of his lifefor a space of
years or for a space of monthshe is convinced of death with an
incomparable reality。 It might seem as though literature�察�living the life of
a man�察�underwent that conviction in those ages。 Death was as often on
the tongues of men in older ages�察 �and oftener in their hands�察 �but in the
sixteenth century it was at their hearts。 The discovery of death did not
shake the poets from their composure。 On the contrary�察�the verse is never
measured with more majestic effect than when it moves in honour of this
Lady of the lyrics。 Sir Walter Raleigh is but a jerky writer when he is
rhyming other things�察�however bitter or however solemn�察�but his lines on
death�察�which are also lines on immortality�察�are infinitely noble。 These are�察�
needless to say�察 �meditations upon death by law and violence�察�and so are
the ingenious rhymes of Chidiock Tichborne�察�written after his last prose in
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his farewell letter to his wife;Now�察�Sweet´ cheek�察�what is left to bestow
on thee�察�a small recompense for thy deservings;and singularly beautiful
prose is this。 So also are Southwell's words。 But these are exceptional
deaths�察 �and more dramatic than was needed to awake the poetry of the
meditative age。
It was death as the end
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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