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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the spirit of place and other essays(仇圭議娼舞吉)-及9何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��





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                              The Spirit of Place and Other Essays 



repentant daughter with reproaches that show envy rather than indignation�察�

and   kisses   that   daughter   with   congratulation   upon   hearing   that   she   had�察�

unconsciously   and   unintentionally�察  �contracted   a   valid   marriage   ��with   a 

rogue���察  �spoils   and   makes   common   and   unclean   everything   she   touches�察�

has but two really  gentle and tender   moments all   through the story�察  �and 

sets�察   �once   for   all�察 �the  example      in  literature   of   the  woman      we    find 

thenceforth�察  �in   Thackeray�察  �in   Douglas   Jerrold�察  �in   Dickens�察  �and   un   peu 

partout。 

     Hardly less unspiritual�察�in spite of their conventional romance of youth 

and beauty�察�are the daughters of the squalid one。                 The author�察�in making 

them simple�察�has not abstained from making them cunning。 Their vanities 

are well enough�察�but these women are not only vain�察�they are so envious as 

to   refuse   admiration   to   a   sister´in´lawone   who   is   their   rival   in   no   way 

except   in   so   much     as   she   is   a  contemporary   beauty。     ;Miss     Arabella 

Wilmot�察─�says the pious father and vicar�察 �was allowed by all ��except my 

two daughters�� to be completely pretty。; 

     They have been left by their father in such brutal ignorance as to be 

instantly    deceived     into   laughing    at  bad   manners      in  error  for   humour。 

They have no pretty or sensitive instincts。               ;The jests of the rich�察─�says 

the   Vicar�察  �referring   to   his   own   young   daughters   as   audience�察   �are   ever 

successful。;      Olivia�察�when the squire played off a dullish joke�察 �mistook it 

for  humour。      She thought   him�察 �therefore�察 �a  very  fine  gentleman。;             The 

powders and patches for the country church�察�the ride thither on Blackberry�察�

in so strange a procession�察�the face´wash�察�the dreams and omens�察�are all 

good gentle comedy�察�we are completely convinced of the tedium of Mrs。 

Primrose's   dreams�察  �which   she   told   every   morning。         But   there   are   other 

points of comedy that ought not to precede an author's appeal to the kind 

of   sentiment   about   to   be   touched   by   the   tragic   scenes   of   The   Vicar   of 

Wakefield。 

     In odd sidling ways Goldsmith bethinks himself to give his principal 

heroine a shadow of the virtues he has not bestowed upon her。                     When the 

unhappy Williams�察�above´mentioned�察�has been used in vain by Olivia�察�and 

the squire has not declared himself�察�and she is on the point of keeping her 

word to Williams by marrying him�察�the Vicar creates a situation out of it 



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all that takes the reader roundly by surprise�此                �I frequently applauded her 

resolution in preferring happiness to ostentation。;                  The good Goldsmith� �

Here is Olivia perfectly frank with her father as to her exceedingly sincere 

preference for ostentation�察�and as to her stratagem to try to obtain it at the 

expense of honour and of neighbour Williams�察�her mind is as well known 

to   her   father   as   her   father's   mind   is   known   to   Oliver   Goldsmith�察  �and   as 

Oliver   Goldsmith's�察 �Dr。  Primrose's�察  �and   Olivia's   minds   are   known   to   the 

reader。     And in spite of all�察�your Goldsmith and your Vicar turn you this 

phrase to your very face。            You hardly know which way to look�察�it is so 

disconcerting。 

     Seeing that Olivia ��with her chance´recovered virtue�� and Sophia may 

both be expected to grow into the kind of matronhood represented by their 

mother�察�it needs all the conditions of fiction to surround the close of their 

love´affairs with the least semblance of dignity。 Nor�察�in fact�察�can it be said 

that   the   final   winning   of   Sophia   is   an   incident   that   errs   by   too   much 

dignity。      The   scene   is   that   in   which   Burchell�察  �revealed   as   Sir   William 

Thornhill�察     �feigns    to  offer   her   in  marriage     to   the   good´natured       rogue�察�

Jenkinson�察�fellow prisoner with her father�察�in order that�察�on her indignant 

and   distressed   refusal�察 �he   may  surprise   her   agreeably  by  crying�察   �What�拭�

Not   have   him�拭      �If   that   be   the   case�察  �I   think   I   must   have   you   myself。; 

Even   for   an   avowedly   eccentric   master   of   whims�察  �this   is   playing   with 

forbidden   ironies。        True�察  �he   catches   her   to   his   breast   with   ardour�察  �and 

calls    her   ;sensible。;     ;Such      sense   and    such    heavenly     beauty�察─   �finally 

exclaims   the   happy   man。         Let   us   make   him   a   present   of   the   heavenly 

beauty。      It is the only thing not disproved�察�not dispraised�察�not disgraced�察�

by a candid study of the Ladies of the Idyll。 



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                             A DERIVATION 



     By what obscure cause�察�through what ill´directed industry�察�and under 

the constraint of what disabling hands�察�had the language of English poetry 

grown�察�for an age�察�so rigid that a natural writer at the end of the eighteenth 

century had much ado to tell a simple story in sufficient verse�拭                      �All the 

vital exercise of the seventeenth century had left the language buoyant�察�it 

was as elastic as deep and mobile waters�察�then followed the grip of that 

incapacitating   later   style。   Much   later�察  �English   has   been   so   used   as   to 

become   flaccidit   has   been   stretched�察  �as   it   were�察  �beyond   its   power   of 

rebound�察  �or   certainly   beyond   its   power   of   rebound   in   common   use   ��for 

when a master writes he always uses a tongue that has suffered nothing��。 It 

is in our own day that English has been so over´strained。                   In Crabbe's day 

it had been effectually curbed�察�hindered�察�and hampered�察�and it cannot be 

said   of   Crabbe   that   he   was   a   master   who   takes   natural   possession   of   a 

language   that   has   suffered   nothing。        He   was   evidently   a   man   of   talent 

who had to take his part with the times�察�subject to history。                   To call him a 

poet was   a mere   convention。 There seems   to be   not   a single   moment   of 

poetry in his work�察�and assuredly if he had known the earlier signification 

of the word he would have been the last man to claim the incongruous title 

of    poet。   But   it  is  impossible     to  state   the   question    as   it  would    have 

presented itself to Crabbe or to any other writer of his quality entering into 

the same inheritance of English。 

     It   is  true   that   Crabbe      read   and    quoted     Milton�察    �so   did   all   his 

contemporaries�察  �and   to   us   now   it   seems   that   poetry   cannot   have   been 

forgotten   by   any   age   possessing   Lycidas。         Yet   that   age   can   scarcely   be 

said to have in any true sense possessed Lycidas。                  There are other things�察�

besides poetry�察�in Milton's poems。             We do not entirely know�察�perhaps�察�but 

we     can   conjecture     how    a   reader   in   Crabbe's     late  eighteenth     century�察�

looking in Milton for authority for all that he unluckily and vainly admired�察�

would      well   find   it。  He     would     find  the   approval     of   Young's     ;Night 

Thoughts;   did   he   search   for   it�察 �as   we   who   do   not   search   for  it   may   not 

readily   understand。        A   step   or   so   downwards�察  �from   a   few   passages   in 



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                               The Spirit of Place and Other Essays 



;Paradise      Lost;     and   ;Paradise     Regained�察─      �an   inevitable     drop    in  the 

derivation�察�a depression such as is human�察�and everything�察�from Dryden to 

;The   Vanity   of   Human   Wishes�察─  �follows�察  �without   violence   and   perhaps 

without   wilful   misappreciation。          The   poet   Milton   fathered�察  �legitimately 

enough�察�an unpoetic posterity。            Milton�察�therefore�察�who might have kept an 

age�察  �and   many   a   succeeding   age�察  �on   the   heights   of   poetry   by   lines   like 

these ´ 

       Who sing and singing in their glory move ´ 

        by  this�察  �and   by   many   and   many   another   so   divineMilton   justified 

also the cold excesses of his posterity  by the example of more than one 

group of blank verse lines in his greatest poem。                  Manifestly the sanction 

is a matter of choice�察�and depends upon the age�此                 �the age of Crabbe found 

in Milton such ancestry as it was fit for。 

     Crabbe�察�then�察�was not a poet of poetry。               But he came into possession 

of a metrical form charged by secondary poets with a contented second´ 

class   dignity   that   bears   constant   reference�察  �in   the   way   of   respect   rather 

than of imitation�察�to the state and nobility of Pope at his bestthe couplet。 

The   weak   yet   rigid   ;poetry;   that   fell   to   his   lot   owed   all   the   decorum   it 

possessed        to   the    mechanical       defences      and     propsthe      exclusions 

especiallyof this manner of versification。               The grievous thing was that�察�

being   moved   to   write   simply   of   simple   things�察  �he   had   no   more   supple 

English      for   his   purpose。      His     effort   to  disengage      the    phraselong 

committed   to   convention   and   to   an   expo
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