嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the spirit of place and other essays(仇圭議娼舞吉)-及10何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



English      for   his   purpose。      His     effort   to  disengage      the    phraselong 

committed   to   convention   and   to   an   exposed   artificedid   but   prove   how 

surely the ancient vitality was gone。 

     His preface to ;The Borough�察�a Poem�察─�should be duly read before the 

;poem;   itself�察  �for   the   prose   has   a   propriety   all   its   own。   Everything   is 

conceived with the most perfect moderation�察�and then presented in a form 

of   reasoning   that   leaves   you   no   possible   ground   of   remonstrance。            In 

proposing   his   subject   Crabbe   seems   to   make   an   unanswerable   apology 

with a composure that is almost sweet。                For instance�察�at some length and 

with some nobility he anticipates a probable conjecture that his work was 

done ;without due examination and revisal�察─�and he meets the conjectured 

criticism thus�此       �Now�察�readers are�察�I believe�察�disposed to treat with more 

than common severity those writers who have been led into presumption 



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by the approbation bestowed upon their diffidence�察�and into idleness and 

unconcern       by   the   praises    given    to  their  attention。;     It   would     not   be 

possible  to   say  a   smaller   thing   with   greater   dignity  and   gentleness。   It   is 

worth     while    to   quote    this  prose    of  a   ;poet;    who    lived   between      the 

centuries�察�if only in order to suggest the chastening thought�察 �It is a pity 

that no one�察�however little he may have to say�察�says it now in this form� ─�

The little�察�so long as it is reasonable�察�is so well suited in this antithesis and 

logic。     Is there no hope that journalism will ever take again these graces 

of    unanswerable        argument�拭      �No�此     �they     would     no   longer     wear    the 

peculiar aspect of adult innocence that was Crabbe's。 



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                   A COUNTERCHANGE 



     ;Il s'est trompe de defunte。;          The writer of this phrase had his sense 

of that portly manner of French�察�and his burlesque is fine�察�butthe paradox 

must be riskedbecause he was French he was not able to possess all its 

grotesque   mediocrity   to   the   full�察  �that   is   reserved   for   the   English   reader。 

The   words   are   in   the   mouth   of   a   widower   who�察  �approaching   his   wife's 

tomb�察�perceives there another ;monsieur。;              ;Monsieur�察─�again�察�the French 

reader is deprived of the value of this word�察�too�察�in its place�察�it says little 

or   nothing   to   him�察  �whereas   the   Englishman�察  �who   has   no   word   of   the 

precise bourgeois significance that it sometimes bears�察�but who must use 

one   of   two   English   words   of   different   allusionman   or   I   gentleman 

knows the exact value of its commonplace。                  The serious Parisian�察�then�察�

sees ;un autre monsieur�察─�as it proves anon�察�there had been a divorce in 

the history of the lady�察�but the later widower is not yet aware of this�察�and 

explains to himself the presence of ;un monsieur; in his own place by that 

weighty phrase�察 �Il s'est trompe de defunte。; 

     The strange effect of a thing so charged with allusion and with national 

character is to cause an English reader to pity the mocking author who was 

debarred   by   his   own   language   from   possessing   the   whole   of   his   own 

comedy。       It   is�察 �in   fact�察 �by  contrast   with   his   English   that   an   Englishman 

does     possess     it。   Your     official�察  �your    professional      Parisian    has    a 

vocabulary       of  enormous�察     �unrivalled     mediocrity。      When      the   novelist 

perceives this he does not perceive it all�察�because some of the words are 

the only words in use。        Take an author at his serious moments�察�when he is 

not   at   all   occupied   with   the   comedy   of   phrases�察  �and   he   now   and   then 

touches   a   word     that   has  its   burlesque   by   mere   contrast   with    English。 

;L'Histoire d'un Crime�察─�of Victor Hugo�察�has so many of these touches as 

to be�察 �by a   kind of   reflex action�察 �a very  school of   English。          The   whole 

incident of the omnibus in that grave work has unconscious international 

comedy。       The Deputies seated in the interior of the omnibus had been�察�it 

will be remembered�察�shut out of their Chamber by the perpetrator of the 

Coup     d'Etat�察  �but   each   had   his  official   scarf。  Scarfpish� �l'echarpe� ─�



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;Ceindre       l'echarpe;there       is   no    real    English     equivalent。        Civic 

responsibility  never  was   otherwise   adequately  expressed。                An   indignant 

deputy passed his scarf through the window of the omnibus�察�as an appeal 

to   the   public�察   �et   l'agita。;   It   is   a   pity   that   the   French   reader�察  �having   no 

simpler word�察�is not in a position to understand the slight burlesque。                    Nay�察�

the mere word ;public�察─�spoken with this peculiar French good faith�察�has 

for us I know not what untransferable gravity。 

     There     is�察 �in   short�察  �a   general    international     counterchange。         It   is 

altogether     in   accordance      with   our   actual   state  of   civilization�察   �with   its 

extremely ;specialized; manner of industry�察�that one people should make a 

phrase�察  �and   another   should   have   and   enjoy   it。       And�察  �in   fact�察  �there   are 

certain French authors to whom should be secured the use of the literary 

German whereof Germans�察�and German women in particular�察�ought with 

all severity to be deprived。          For Germans often tell you of words in their 

own   tongue   that   are   untranslatable�察  �and   accordingly   they   should   not   be 

translated�察  �but   given   over   in   their   own   conditions�察  �unaltered�察  �into   safer 

hands。      There   would   be   a   clearing   of   the   outlines   of   German   ideas�察  �a 

better    order   in  the   phrase�察   �the  possessors      of  an   alien  word�察   �with    the 

thought it secures�察�would find also their advantage。 

     So with French humour。            It is expressly and signally for English ears。 

It is so even in the commonest farce。                The unfortunate householder�察�for 

example�察  �who   is   persuaded   to   keep   walking   in   the   conservatory   ;pour 

retablir la circulation�察─�and the other who describes himself ;sous´chef de 

bureau dans l'enregistrement�察─�and he who proposes to ;faire hommage; of 

a doubtful turbot to the neighbouring ;employe de l'octroi;these and all 

their like speak commonplaces so usual as to lose in their own country the 

perfection of their dulness。          We only�察�who have the alternative of plainer 

and fresher words�察�understand it。             It is not the least of the advantages of 

our own dual English that we become sensible of the mockery of certain 

phrases that in France have lost half their ridicule�察�uncontrasted。 

     Take again the common rhetoric that has fixed itself in conversation in 

all   Latin   languagesrhetoric        that   has   ceased    to  have    allusions�察   �either 

majestic or comic。         To the ear somewhat unused to French this proffers a 

frequent comedy that the well´accustomed ear�察�even of an Englishman�察�no 



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longer detects。        A guard on a French railway�察�who advised two travellers 

to take   a   certain train   for  fear   they  should be   obliged   to   ;vegeter;   for   a 

whole hour in the waiting´room of such   or such a station seemed to   the 

less practised tourist to be a fresh kind of unexpected humourist。 

     One     of   the   phrases    always     used    in  the   business     of  charities    and 

subscriptions in France has more than the intentional comedy of the farce´ 

writer�察�one of the most absurd of his personages�察�wearying his visitors in 

the country with a perpetual game of bowls�察�says to them�此                       �Nous jouons 

cinquante       centimesles       benefices      seront    verses     integralement        e  la 

souscription qui est   ouverte e la   commune pour la  construction de notre 

maison d'ecole。; 

     ;Fletrir�察─�again。       Nothing could be more rhetorical than this perfectly 

common word of controversy。                The comic dramatist is well aware of the 

spent   violence   of   this   phrase�察  �with   which   every   serious   Frenchman   will 

reply to opponents�察�especially in public matters。 But not even the comic 

dramatist is aware of the last state of refuse commonplace that a word of 

this kind represents。         Refuse rhetoric�察�by the way�察�rather than Emerson's 

;fossil poetry�察─�would seem to be the right name for human language as 

some of the processes of the several recent centuries have left it。 

     The     French      comedy�察     �then�察  �is   fairly   stuffed    with    thin´S     for   an 

Englishman。         They   are   not   all�察  �it   is   true�察  �so   finely   comic   as   ;Il   s'est 

trompe   de   defunte。;       In   the   report   of   that   dull�察  �incomparable   sentence 

there   is   enough   humour�察  �and   subtle   enough�察  �for   both   the   maker   and   the 

reader�察  �for   the   author   who   perceives   the   comedy  as   well   as   custom  will 

permit�察  �and   for   the   reader   who   takes   it   with   the   freshness   of   a   stranger。 

But if 
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��