嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及2何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



thus the circle of their season is completed and comes round to the same 

point whence it set out。 They said moreover that the Egyptians were the 

first   who    brought    into   use   appellations    for   the  twelve    gods    and   the 



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Hellenes   took   up   the   use   from   them�察  �and   that   they   were   the   first   who 

assigned   altars   and   images   and   temples   to   the   gods�察  �and   who   engraved 

figures on stones�察�and   with regard to the  greater number  of these  things 

they showed me by actual facts that they had happened so。 They said also 

that the first man who became king of Egypt was Min�察�and that in his time 

all   Egypt   except   the   district   of   Thebes   was   a   swamp�察  �and   none   of   the 

regions were then above water which now lie below the lake of Moiris�察�to 

which lake it is a voyage of seven days up the river from the sea�此�and I 

thought that they said well about the land�察�for it is manifest in truth even to 

a person who has not heard it beforehand but has only seen�察�at least if he 

have understanding�察�that the Egypt to which the Hellenes come in ships is 

a land which has been won by the Egyptians as an addition�察�and that it is a 

gift of the river�此�moreover the regions which lie above this lake also for a 

distance of three days' sail�察�about which they did not go on to say anything 

of this kind�察�are nevertheless another instance of the same thing�此�for the 

nature     of  the   land   of  Egypt    is  as   follows��First     when    you   are   still 

approaching it in a ship and are distant a day's run from the land�察�if you let 

down a sounding´line you will bring up mud and you will find yourself in 

eleven fathoms。 This then so far shows that there is a silting forward of the 

land。  Then   secondly�察  �as   to   Egypt   itself�察  �the   extent   of   it   along   the   sea   is 

sixty  /schoines/�察  �according   to   our   definition   of   Egypt   as   extending   from 

the Gulf of Plinthine to the Serbonian lake�察�along which stretches Mount 

Casion�察�from this lake then the sixty /schoines/ are reckoned�此�for those of 

men who are poor in land have their country measured by fathoms�察�those 

who are less poor by furlongs�察�those who have much land by parasangs�察�

and those who have land in very great abundance by /schoines/�此�now the 

parasang      is  equal   to  thirty  furlongs�察   �and    each   /schoine/�察   �which    is  an 

Egyptian measure�察�is equal to sixty furlongs。 So there would be an extent 

of three thousand six hundred furlongs for the coast´land of Egypt。 From 

thence and as far as Heliopolis inland Egypt is broad�察�and the land is all 

flat and without springs of water and formed of mud�此�and the road as one 

goes inland from the sea to Heliopolis is about the same in length as that 

which   leads   from  the   altar   of the   twelve gods   at Athens to   Pisa   and   the 

temple   of   Olympian   Zeus�此  �reckoning   up   you   would   find   the   difference 



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very  small   by  which   these   roads   fail   of   being   equal in   length�察 �not   more 

indeed than fifteen furlongs�察�for the road from Athens to Pisa wants fifteen 

furlongs of   being fifteen   hundred�察 �while the  road to Heliopolis   from  the 

sea reaches that number completely。 From Heliopolis however�察�as you go 

up�察 �Egypt is   narrow�察  �for on   the one   side   a   mountain´range   belonging   to 

Arabia stretches along by the side of it�察�going in a direction from the North 

towards the midday and the South Wind�察�tending upwards without a break 

to that which is called the Erythraian Sea�察�in which range are the stone´ 

quarries which were used in cutting stone for the pyramids at Memphis。 

On this side then the mountain ends where I have said�察�and then takes a 

turn back�察�and where it is widest�察�as I was informed�察�it is a journey of two 

months across from East to West�察�and the borders of it which turn towards 

the East are said to produce frankincense。 Such then is the nature of this 

mountain´range�察  �and   on   the   side   of   Egypt   towards   Libya   another   range 

extends�察�rocky and enveloped in sand�此�in this are the pyramids�察�and it runs 

in   the   same   direction   as   those   parts   of   the Arabian   mountains   which   go 

towards the midday。 So then�察�I say�察�from Heliopolis the land has no longer 

a great extent so far as it belongs to Egypt�察�and for about four days' sail up 

the   river   Egypt   properly  so   called   is   narrow�此  �and   the   space   between   the 

mountain´ ranges which have been mentioned is plain´land�察�but where it is 

narrowest it did not seem to me to exceed two hundred furlongs from the 

Arabian mountains to those which are called the Libyan。 After this again 

Egypt   is   broad。   Such   is   the   nature   of   this   land�此  �and   from   Heliopolis   to 

Thebes   is   a   voyage   up   the   river   of   nine   days�察  �and   the   distance   of   the 

journey in furlongs is four thousand eight hundred and sixty�察�the number 

of /schoines/ being eighty´one。 If these measures of Egypt in furlongs be 

put together�察�the result is as follows��I have already before this shown that 

the distance along the sea amounts to three thousand six hundred furlongs�察�

and I will now declare what the distance is inland from the sea to Thebes�察�

namely   six   thousand   one   hundred   and   twenty   furlongs�此  �and   again   the 

distance from Thebes to the city called Elephantine is one thousand eight 

hundred furlongs。 

     Of this land then�察�concerning which I have spoken�察�it seemed to myself 

also�察�according as the priests said�察�that the greater part had been won as an 



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addition by the Egyptians�察�for it was evident to me that the space between 

the aforesaid mountain´ranges�察�which lie above the city of Memphis�察�once 

was   a   gulf   of   the   sea�察  �like   the   regions   about   Ilion   and   Teuthrania   and 

Ephesos and the plain of the Maiander�察�if it be permitted to compare small 

things   with   great�察  �and   small   these   are   in   comparison�察  �for   of   the   rivers 

which heaped up the soil in those regions none is worthy to be compared 

in   volume   with   a   single   one   of   the   mouths   of   the   Nile�察  �which   has   five 

mouths。 Moreover there are other rivers also�察�not in size at all equal to the 

Nile�察�which have performed great feats�察�of which I can mention the names 

of several�察�and especially the Acheloos�察�which flowing through Acarnania 

and   so   issuing   out   into   the   sea   has   already   made   half   of   the   Echinades 

from   islands   into   mainland。   Now   there   is   in   the   land   of Arabia�察  �not   far 

from   Egypt�察  �a   gulf   of   the   sea   running   in   from   that   which   is   called   the 

Erythraian Sea�察�very long and narrow�察�as I am about to tell。 With respect to 

the length of the voyage along it�察�one who set out from the innermost point 

to sail out through it into the open sea�察�would spend forty days upon the 

voyage�察�using oars�察�and with respect to breadth�察�where the gulf is broadest 

it is half a day's sail across�此�and there is in it an ebb and flow of tide every 

day。 Just such another gulf I suppose that Egypt was�察�and that the one ran 

in towards Ethiopia from the Northern Sea�察�and the other�察�the Arabian�察�of 

which I am about to speak�察�tended from the South towards Syria�察�the gulfs 

boring in so as almost to meet at their extreme points�察�and passing by one 

another with but a small space left between。 If then the stream of the Nile 

should turn aside into this Arabian gulf�察�what would hinder that gulf from 

being filled up with silt as the river continued to flow�察�at all events within 

a period of twenty thousand years�拭�indeed for my part I am of the opinion 

that it would be filled up even within ten thousand years。 How�察�then�察�in all 

the  time   that   has   elapsed   before   I   came   into   being   should   not   a   gulf   be 

filled   up   even   of   much   greater   size   than   this   by   a   river   so   great   and   so 

active�拭�As regards Egypt then�察�I both believe those who say that things are 

so�察�and for myself also I am strongly of opinion that they are so�察�because I 

have observed that Egypt runs out into the sea further than the adjoining 

land�察    �and   that   shells    are   found    upon     the   mountains       of  it�察 �and    an 

efflorescence of salt forms upon the surface�察�so that even the pyramids are 



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being eaten away by it�察�and moreover that of all the mountains of Egypt�察�

the   range   which   lies   above   Memphis   is   the   only   one   which   has   sand�此�

besides   which   I   notice   that   Egypt   resembles   neither   the   land   of Arabia�察�

which borders upon it�察�nor Libya�察�nor yet Syria ��for they are Syrians who 

dwell in the parts of Arabia lying along the sea���察�but that it has soil which 

is black and easily breaks up�察�seeing that it is in truth mud and silt brought 

down from Ethiopia by the river�此�but the soil of Libya�察�we know�察�is reddish 

in   colour   and   rather   sandy�察  �while   that   of Arabia   and   Syria   is   somewhat 

clayey and rocky。 The priests also gave me a strong proof concerning this 

land   as   follows�察  �namely   that   in   the   reign   of   king   Moiris�察  �whenever   the 

river   reached   a   height   of   at   least   eight   cubits   it   watered   Egypt   below 

Memphis�察�and not yet nine hundred years had gone by since the
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��