嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
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an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及9何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



come from Egypt。 

     Moreover�察�it is true also that the Egyptians were the first of men who 

made solemn assemblies and processions and approaches to the temples�察�

and from them the Hellenes have learnt them�察�and my evidence for this is 

that the Egyptian celebrations of these have been held from a very ancient 

time�察�whereas the Hellenic were introduced but lately。 The Egyptians hold 

their solemn assemblies not once in the year but often�察�especially and with 

the greatest zeal and devotion at the city of Bubastis for Artemis�察�and next 

at Busiris for Isis�察�for in this last´ named city there is a very great temple 

of Isis�察�and this city stands in the middle of the Delta of Egypt�察�now Isis is 

in   the   tongue    of  the   Hellenes    Demeter�此     �thirdly�察 �they   have    a  solemn 

assembly at the city of Sais for Athene�察�fourthly at Heliopolis for the Sun 

��Helios���察�fifthly at the city of Buto in honour of Leto�察�and sixthly at the 

city   of   Papremis   for   Ares。   Now�察  �when   they   are   coming   to   the   city   of 

Bubastis   they   do   as   follows��they   sail   men   and   women   together�察  �and   a 

great multitude of each sex in every boat�察�and some of the women have 

rattles and rattle with them�察�while some of the men play the flute during 

the whole time of the voyage�察�and the rest�察�both women and men�察�sing and 

clap their hands�察�and when as they sail they come opposite to any city on 

the way they bring the boat to land�察�and some of the women continue to do 

as I have said�察�others cry aloud and jeer at the women in that city�察�some 

dance�察  �and   some   stand   up   and   pull   up   their   garments。   This   they   do   by 

every city along the river´bank�察�and when they come to Bubastis they hold 

festival celebrating great sacrifices�察�and more wine of grapes is consumed 

upon   that   festival   than   during   the   whole   of   the   rest   of   the   year。   To   this 

place   ��so   say   the   natives��   they   come   together   year   by   year   even   to   the 

number of seventy myriads of men and women�察�besides children。 Thus it 

is done here�察�and how they celebrate the festival in honour of Isis at the 

city   of  Busiris    has   been   told   by   me  before�此   �for�察 �as  I  said�察 �they   beat 

themselves   in   mourning   after   the   sacrifice�察  �all   of   them   both   men   and 

women�察�very many myriads of people�察�but for whom they beat themselves 



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it is not permitted to me by religion to say�此�and so many as there are of the 

Carians      dwelling     in   Egypt     do   this   even     more    than    the   Egyptians 

themselves�察�inasmuch as they cut their foreheads also with knives�察�and by 

this it is manifested that they are strangers and not Egyptians。 At the times 

when   they   gather   together   at   the   city   of   Sais   for   their   sacrifices�察  �on   a 

certain night they all kindle lamps many in number in the open air round 

about the houses�察�now the lamps are saucers full of salt and oil mixed�察�and 

the wick floats by itself on   the surface�察  �and this burns during the   whole 

night�察�and to the festival is given the name /Lychnocaia/ ��the lighting of 

lamps��。     Moreover      those    of  the   Egyptians     who    have    not   come    to  this 

solemn   assembly   observe   the   night   of   the   festival   and   themselves   also 

light   lamps   all   of   them�察  �and   thus   not   in   Sais   alone   are   they  lighted�察  �but 

over all Egypt�此�and as to the reason why light and honour are allotted to 

this night�察�about this there is a sacred story told。 To Heliopolis and Buto 

they   go   year   by   year    and   do   sacrifice   only�此  �but   at   Papremis   they   do 

sacrifice and worship as elsewhere�察�and besides that�察�when the sun begins 

to go down while some few of the priests are occupied with the image of 

the god�察�the greater number   of them  stand in the entrance of the temple 

with    wooden      clubs�察  �and   other   persons   to   the   number   of   more   than      a 

thousand   men   with   purpose   to   perform   a   vow�察  �these   also   having   all   of 

them  staves   of   wood�察 �stand   in   a  body  opposite   to   those�此  �and   the   image�察�

which is in a small shrine of wood covered over with gold�察�they take out 

on the day before to another sacred building。 The few then who have been 

left about the image�察�draw a wain with four wheels�察�which bears the shrine 

and the image that is within the shrine�察�and the other priests standing in the 

gateway try to prevent it from entering�察�and the men who are under a vow 

come to the assistance of the god and strike them�察�while the others defend 

themselves。   Then   there   comes   to   be   a   hard   fight   with   staves�察  �and   they 

break one another's heads�察�and I am of opinion that many even die of the 

wounds   they   receive�察  �the   Egyptians   however   told   me   that   no   one   died。 

This solemn assembly the people of the place say that they established for 

the following reason��the mother of Ares�察�they say�察�used to dwell in this 

temple�察�and Ares�察�having been brought up away from her�察�when he grew 

up   came   thither   desiring   to   visit   his   mother�察  �and   the   attendants   of   his 



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mother's temple�察�not having seen him before�察�did not permit him to pass in�察�

but kept him away�察�and he brought men to help him from another city and 

handled   roughly   the   attendants   of   the   temple�察  �and   entered   to   visit   his 

mother。 Hence�察�they say�察�this exchange of blows has become the custom in 

honour of Ares upon his festival。 

     The Egyptians were the first who made it a point of religion not to lie 

with women in temples�察�nor to enter into temples after going away from 

women       without     first  bathing�此   �for   almost    all  other    men    except    the 

Egyptians   and   the   Hellenes   lie   with   women   in   temples   and   enter   into   a 

temple after going away from women without bathing�察�since they hold that 

there is no difference in this respect between men and beasts�此�for they say 

that they see beasts and the various kinds of birds coupling together both 

in the temples and in the sacred enclosures of the gods�察�if then this were 

not pleasing to the god�察�the beasts would not do so。 

     Thus do these defend that which they do�察�which by me is disallowed�此�

but   the   Egyptians   are   excessively   careful   in   their   observances�察  �both   in 

other   matters   which   concern   the   sacred       rites   and   also  in   those  which 

follow��Egypt�察�though it borders upon Libya�察�does not very much abound 

in wild animals�察�but such as they have are one and all accounted by them 

sacred�察�some of them living with men and others not。 But if I should say 

for what reasons the sacred animals have been thus dedicated�察�I should fall 

into discourse of matters pertaining to the gods�察�of which I most desire not 

to speak�察�and what I have actually said touching slightly upon them�察�I said 

because   I   was   constrained   by   necessity。   About   these   animals   there   is   a 

custom of this kind�此�persons have been appointed of the Egyptians�察�both 

men and women�察�to provide the food for each kind of beast separately�察�and 

their   office   goes   down   from   father   to   son�察  �and   those   who   dwell   in   the 

various cities perform vows to them thus�察�that is�察�when they make a vow to 

the god to whom the animal belongs�察�they shave the head of their children 

either the whole or the half or the third part of it�察�and then set the hair in 

the balance against silver�察�and whatever it weighs�察�this the man gives to 

the   person   who   provides   for   the   animals�察  �and   she   cuts   up   fish   of   equal 

value and gives it for food to the animals。 Thus food for their support has 

been appointed and if any one kill any of these animals�察�the penalty�察�if he 



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do it with his own will�察�is death�察�and if against his will�察�such penalty as the 

priests may appoint�此�but whosoever shall kill an ibis or a hawk�察�whether it 

be with his will or against his will�察�must die。 Of the animals that live with 

men     there   are   great   numbers�察     �and   would     be   many    more     but  for   the 

accidents   which       befall   the  cats。   For   when   the    females   have     produced 

young   they   are   no   longer   in   the   habit   of   going   to   the   males�察  �and   these 

seeking to be united with them are not able。 To this end then they contrive 

as follows��they either take away by force or remove secretly the young 

from the females and kill them ��but after killing they do not eat them���察�and 

the   females   being   deprived   of   their   young   and   desiring   more�察  �therefore 

come to the males�察�for it is a creature that is fond of its young。 Moreover 

when a fire occurs�察�the cats seem to be divinely possessed�察�for while the 

Egyptians stand at intervals and look after the cats�察�not taking any care to 

extinguish the fire�察�the cats slipping through or leaping over the men�察�jump 

into   the   fire�察  �and   when   this   happens�察  �great   mourning   comes   upon   the 

Egyptians。 And in whatever houses a cat has died by a natural death�察�all 

those   who   dwell   in   this   house   shave   their   eyebrows   only�察  �but   those   in 

which a dog has died shave their whole body and also their head。 The cats 

when   they   are   dead   are   carried   away   to   sacred   buildings   in   the   city   of 

Bubastis�察�where after being embalmed they are buried�察�but the dogs the
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��