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the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及4何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
seems to have been the true parent of all the secret societies of Europe。
Of this curious question�察 �more hereafter。 But enough has been said to
show that England�察�instead of falling�察�at any period�察�into the stagnation of
the Ancien Regime�察�was�察�from the middle of the seventeenth century�察�in a
state of intellectual growth and ferment which communicated itself finally
to the continental nations。 This is the special honour of England�察�
universally confessed at the time。 It was to England that the slowly´
awakening nations looked�察�as the source of all which was noble�察�true�察�and
free�察�in the dawning future。
It will be seen�察 �from what I have said�察 �that I consider the Ancien
Regime to begin in the seventeenth century。 I should date its
commencementas far as that of anything so vague�察�unsystematic�察�indeed
anarchic�察�can be definedfrom the end of the Thirty Years' War�察�and the
peace of Westphalia in 1648。
For by that time the mighty spiritual struggles and fierce religious
animosities of the preceding century had worn themselves out。 And�察�as
always happens�察�to a period of earnest excitement had succeeded one of
weariness�察�disgust�察�half´unbelief in the many questions for which so much
blood had been shed。 No man had come out of the battle with altogether
clean hands�察�some not without changing sides more than once。 The war
had ended as one�察�not of nations�察�not even of zealots�察�but of mercenaries。
The body of Europe had been pulled in pieces between them all�察�and the
poor soul thereofas was to be expectedhad fled out through the gaping
wounds。 Life�察 �mere existence�察 �was the most pressing need。 If men
couldin the old prophet's wordsfind the life of their hand�察 �they were
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content。 High and low only asked to be let live。 The poor asked it
slaughtered on a hundred battle´fields�察�burnt out of house and home�此�vast
tracts of the centre of Europe were lying desert�察 �the population was
diminished for several generations。 The trading classes�察 �ruined by the
long war�察�only asked to be let live�察�and make a little money。 The nobility�察�
too�察 �only asked to be let live。 They had lost�察 �in the long struggle�察 �not
only often lands and power�察�but their ablest and bravest men�察�and a weaker
and meaner generation was left behind�察�to do the governing of the world。
Let them live�察�and keep what they had。 If signs of vigour still appeared
in France�察 �in the wars of Louis XIV。 they were feverish�察 �factitious�察�
temporary soon�察 �as the event proved�察 �to droop into the general
exhaustion。 If wars were still to be waged they were to be wars of
succession�察 �wars of diplomacy�察 �not wars of principle�察 �waged for the
mightiest invisible interests of man。 The exhaustion was general�察�and to
it we must attribute alike the changes and the conservatism of the Ancien
Regime。 To it is owing that growth of a centralising despotism�察�and of
arbitrary regal power�察 �which M。 de Tocqueville has set forth in a book
which I shall have occasion often to quote。 To it is owing�察 �too�察 �that
longing�察 �which seems to us childish�察 �after ancient forms�察 �etiquettes�察�
dignities�察 �court costumes�察 �formalities diplomatic�察 �legal�察 �ecclesiastical。
Men clung to them as to keepsakes of the pastrevered relics of more
intelligible and better´ordered times。 If the spirit had been beaten out of
them in a century of battle�察�that was all the more reason for keeping up the
letter。 They had had a meaning once�察 �a life once�察 �perhaps there was a
little life left in them still�察�perhaps the dry bones would clothe themselves
with flesh once more�察�and stand upon their feet。 At least it was useful
that the common people should so believe。 There was good hope that the
simple masses�察 �seeing the old dignities and formalities still parading the
streets�察�should suppose that they still contained men�察�and were not mere
wooden figures�察 �dressed artistically in official costume。 And�察 �on the
whole�察 �that hope was not deceived。 More than a century of bitter
experience was needed ere the masses discovered that their ancient rulers
were like the suits of armour in the Tower of Londonempty iron astride
of wooden steeds�察 �and armed with lances which every ploughboy could
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THE ANCIEN REGIME
wrest out of their hands�察�and use in his own behalf。
The mistake of the masses was pardonable。 For those suits of armour
had once held living men�察�strong�察�brave�察�wise�察�men of an admirable temper�察�
doing their work according to their light�察 �not altogether wellwhat man
does that on earth��but well enough to make themselves necessary to�察�and
loyally followed by�察�the masses whom they ruled。 No one can read fairly
the ;Gesta Dei per Francos in Oriente�察─�or the deeds of the French Nobility
in their wars with England�察 �or those taleshowever legendaryof the
mediaeval knights�察�which form so noble an element in German literature�察�
without seeing�察 �that however black were these men's occasional crimes�察�
they were a truly noble race�察 �the old Nobility of the Continent�察 �a race
which ruled simply because�察�without them�察�there would have been naught
but anarchy and barbarism。 To their chivalrous ideal they were too often�察�
perhaps for the most part�察�untrue�此 �but�察�partial and defective as it is�察�it is
an ideal such as never entered into the mind of Celt or Gaul�察�Hun or Sclav�察�
one which seems continuous with the spread of the Teutonic conquerors。
They ruled because they did practically raise the ideal of humanity in the
countries which they conquered�察 �a whole stage higher。 They ceased to
rule when they were�察�through their own sins�察�caught up and surpassed in
the race of progress by the classes below them。
But�察�even when at its best�察�their system of government had in it like
all human inventionoriginal sin�察�an unnatural and unrighteous element�察�
which was certain�察�sooner or later�察�to produce decay and ruin。 The old
Nobility of Europe was not a mere aristocracy。 It was a caste�此 �a race
not intermarrying with the races below it。 It was not a mere aristocracy。
For that�察�for the supremacy of the best men�察�all societies strive�察�or profess
to strive。 And such a true aristocracy may exist independent of caste�察�or
the hereditary principle at all。 We may conceive an Utopia�察�governed by
an aristocracy which should be really democratic�察�which should use�察�under
developed forms�察 �that method which made the mediaeval priesthood the
one great democratic institution of old Christendom�察 �bringing to the
surface and utilising the talents and virtues of all classes�察 �even to the
lowest。 We may conceive an aristocracy choosing out�察 �and gladly
receiving into its own ranks as equals�察 �every youth�察 �every maiden�察 �who
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was distinguished by intellect�察 �virtue�察 �valour�察 �beauty�察 �without respect to
rank or birth�察 �and rejecting in turn�察 �from its own ranks�察 �each of its own
children who fell below some lofty standard�察�and showed by weakliness�察�
dulness�察�or baseness�察�incapacity for the post of guiding and elevating their
fellow´citizens。 Thus would arise a true aristocracy�察�a governing body of
the really most worthythe most highly organised in body and in mind
perpetually recruited from below�此 �from which�察�or from any other ideal�察�
we are yet a few thousand years distant。
But the old Ancien Regime would have shuddered�察 �did shudder�察 �at
such a notion。 The supreme class was to keep itself pure�察�and avoid all
taint of darker blood�察 �shutting its eyes to the fact that some of its most
famous heroes had been born of such left´handed marriages as that of
Robert of Normandy with the tanner's daughter of Falaise。 ;Some are so
curious in this behalf�察─ �says quaint old Burton�察 �writing about 1650�察 �as
these old Romans�察�our modern Venetians�察�Dutch�察�and French�察�that if two
parties dearly love�察�the one noble�察�the other ignoble�察�they may not�察�by their
laws�察�match�察�though equal otherwise in years�察�fortunes�察�education�察�and all
good affection。 In Germany�察 �except they can prove their gentility by
three descents�察�they scorn to match with them。 A nobleman must marry a
noblewoman�察�a baron�察�a baron's daughter�察�a knight�察�a knight's。 As slaters
sort their slates�察�do they degrees and families。;
And doubtless this theorylike all which have held their ground for
man
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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