嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及3何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



as great manufacturers stand forward as the political sponsors of their own 

workmen�察      �it  behoves    those    who    cannot    have   had   their  experience�察    �to 

consider their opinion as conclusive。 As for that ;influence of the higher 

classes; which is said to be endangered just now�察�it will exist�察�just as much 

as it deserves to exist。       Any man who is superior to the many�察�whether in 

talents�察  �education�察  �refinement�察  �wealth�察  �or   anything   else�察  �will   always   be 



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able to influence a number of menand if he thinks it worth his while�察�of 

votesby just and lawful means。             And as for unjust and unlawful means�察�

let those who prefer them keep up heart。              The world will go on much as it 

did    before�察   �and    be   always    quite   bad    enough     to   allow   bribery    and 

corruption�察     �jobbery    and    nepotism�察    �quackery     and   arrogance�察    �their   full 

influence over our home and foreign policy。 An extension of the suffrage�察�

however wide�察�will not bring about the millennium。                   It will merely make 

a large number of Englishmen contented and loyal�察�instead of discontented 

and disloyal。       It may make�察�too�察�the educated and wealthy classes wiser 

by   awakening   a   wholesome   fearperhaps�察  �it   may   be�察  �by   awakening   a 

chivalrous      emulation。      It   may    put   the   younger     men     of  the   present 

aristocracy upon their mettle�察�and stir them up to prove that they are not in 

the   same   effete   condition   as   was   the   French   noblesse   in   1789。    It   may 

lead them to take the warnings which have been addressed to them�察�for the 

last thirty years�察�by their truest friendsoften by kinsmen of their own。                  It 

may lead them to ask themselves why�察�in a world which is governed by a 

just God�察�such great power as is palpably theirs at present is entrusted to 

them�察  �save   that   they   may   do   more   work�察  �and   not   less�察  �than   other   men�察�

under the penalties pronounced against those to whom much is given�察�and 

of whom much is required。             It may lead them to discover that they are in 

a world where it is not safe to sit under the tree�察�and let the ripe fruit drop 

into your mouth�察�where the ;competition of species; works with ruthless 

energy   among   all   ranks   of   being�察  �from   kings   upon   their   thrones   to   the 

weeds upon the waste�察�where ;he that is not hammer�察�is sure to be anvil�察─�

and   he   who   will   not   work�察  �neither   shall   he   eat。  It   may   lead   them   to 

devote      that   energy     ��in  which     they    surpass    so   far   the   continental 

aristocracies��      to  something     better   than   outdoor     amusements       or  indoor 

dilettantisms。      There are those among them who�察�like one section of the 

old   French   noblesse�察  �content   themselves   with   mere   complaints   of   ;the 

revolutionary tendencies of the age。;             Let them beware in time�察�for when 

the many are on the march�察�the few who stand still are certain to be walked 

over。     There     are  those   among     them    who�察   �like  another    section    of  the 

French noblesse�察�are ready�察  �more generously than   wisely�察�to throw   away 

their   own   social   and   political   advantages�察  �and   play   ��for   it   will   never   be 



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really   more   than   playing��   at   democracy。      Let   them�察  �too�察  �beware。    The 

penknife   and   the   axe   should   respect   each   other�察  �for   they   were   wrought 

from the same steel�此        �but the penknife will not be wise in trying to fell 

trees。    Let them accept their own position�察�not in conceit and arrogance�察�

but in fear and trembling�察�and see if they cannot play the man therein�察�and 

save    their   own    class�察 �and    with   it�察 �much   which     it  has  needed     many 

centuries to accumulate and to organise�察�and without which no nation has 

yet existed   for   a   single   century。   They  are   no   more   like the   old   French 

noblesse�察�than are the commercial class like the old French bourgeoisie�察�or 

the labouring like the old French peasantry。              Let them prove that fact by 

their deeds during the next generation�察�or sink into the condition of mere 

rich   men�察  �exciting�察  �by   their   luxury   and   laziness�察  �nothing   but   envy   and 

contempt。 

     Meanwhile�察  �behind   all   classes   and   social   forcesI   had   almost   said�察�

above them allstands a fourth estate�察�which will�察�ultimately�察�decide the 

form   which   English   society   is   to   take�此   �a   Press   as   different   from   the 

literary   class   of   the   Ancien   Regime   as   is   everything   else   English�察  �and 

different in thisthat it is free。 

     The French Revolution�察�like every revolution ��it seems to me�� which 

has convulsed the nations of Europe for the last eighty years�察�was caused 

immediatelywhatever   may   have   been   its   more   remote   causes   by   the 

suppression of thought�察�or�察�at least�察�by a sense of wrong among those who 

thought。     A country where every man�察�be he fool or wise�察�is free to speak 

that which is in him�察�can never suffer a revolution。              The folly blows itself 

off like steam�察�in harmless noise�察�the wisdom becomes part of the general 

intellectual     stock   of   the  nation�察   �and   prepares    men    for   gradual�察   �and 

therefore for harmless�察�change。 

     As long as the press is free�察�a nation is guaranteed against sudden and 

capricious folly�察�either from above or from below。               As long as the press is 

free�察  �a  nation    is  guaranteed     against   the   worse    evil  of  persistent    and 

obstinate folly�察�cloaking itself under the venerable shapes of tradition and 

authority。     For under a free press�察�a nation must ultimately be guided not 

by a caste�察�not by a class�察�not by mere wealth�察�not by the passions of a mob�此�

but by mind�察�by the net result of all the common´sense of its members�察�and 



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in   the   present   default   of   genius�察  �which   is   un´common   sense�察  �common´ 

sense seems to be the only�察�if not the best�察�safeguard for poor humanity。 

       1867 



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                     LECTURE ICASTE 



     ��Delivered at the Royal Institution�察�London�察�1867。�А�

     These   Lectures   are     meant   to   be  comments   on   the     state   of  France 

before the French Revolution。            To English society�察�past or present�察�I do 

not refer。    For reasons which I have set forth at length in an introductory 

discourse�察�there never was any Ancien Regime in England。 

     Therefore�察  �when   the   Stuarts   tried   to   establish   in   England   a   system 

which might have led to a political condition like that of the Continent�察�all 

classes   combined   and   exterminated   them�察  �while   the   course   of   English 

society went on as before。 

     On   the   contrary�察  �England   was   the   mother   of   every   movement   which 

undermined�察�and at last destroyed�察�the Ancien Regime。 

     From   England   went   forth   those   political   theories   which�察  �transmitted 

from America to France�察�became the principles of the French Revolution。 

From England went forth the philosophy of Locke�察�with all its immense 

results。    It is noteworthy�察�that when Voltaire tries to persuade people�察�in a 

certain famous passage�察�that philosophers do not care to trouble the world´ 

´of the ten names to whom he does honour�察�seven names are English。                      ;It 

is�察─�he says�察 �neither Montaigne�察�nor Locke�察�nor Boyle�察�nor Spinoza�察�nor 

Hobbes�察�nor Lord Shaftesbury�察�nor Mr。 Collins�察�nor Mr。 Toland�察�nor Fludd�察�

nor Baker�察�who have carried the torch of discord into their countries。;                  It 

is worth notice�察�that not only are the majority of these names English�察�but 

that they belong not to the latter but to the former half of the eighteenth 

century�察�and indeed�察�to the latter half of the seventeenth。 

     So   it   was   with   that   Inductive   Physical   Science�察  �which   helped   more 

than all to break up the superstitions of the Ancien Regime�察�and to set man 

face   to   face   with   the   facts   of the   universe。 From  England�察  �towards   the 

end    of  the   seventeenth     century�察  �it  was   promulgated      by  such    men   as 

Newton�察     �Boyle�察   �Sydenham�察     �Ray�察  �and   the  first  founders    of  our   Royal 

Society。 

     In    England�察    �too�察  �arose    the   great   religious    movements       of   the 



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seventeenth and eighteenth centuriesand especially that of a body which 

I   can   never   mention   without   most   deep   respectthe   Society   of   Friends。 

At a time when the greater part of the Continent was sunk in spiritual sleep�察�

these men were reasserting doctrines concerning man�察�and his relation to 

his Creator�察�which�察�whether or not all believe them ��as I believe them�� to 

be founded on eternal fact�察�all must confess to have been of incalculable 

benefit to the cause of humanity and civilisation。 

     From   England�察  �finally�察  �about   the   middle   of   the   eighteenth   century�察�

went   forthpromulgated   by   English   noblementhat   freemasonry   which 

seems   to   have   been the true   parent of   all   the secre
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��