嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及6何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
19
´ Page 20´
THE ANCIEN REGIME
saddles and they became at once the Northern Horse�察�famed as the finest
light cavalry in the world。 And equal to themsuperior even�察 �if we
recollect that they preserved their country's freedom for centuries against
the superior force of Englandwere those troops of Scots who�察 �century
after century�察�swept across the border on their little garrons�察�their bag of
oatmeal hanging by the saddle�察�with the iron griddle whereon to bake it�察�
careless of weather and of danger�察�men too swift to be exterminated�察�too
independent to be enslaved。
But if horsemanship had�察�in these cases�察�a levelling tendency it would
have the very opposite when a riding tribe conquered a non´ riding one。
The conquerors would�察�as much as possible�察�keep the art and mystery of
horsemanship hereditary among themselves�察�and become a Ritterschaft or
chivalrous caste。 And they would be able to do so�此 �because the
conquered race would not care or dare to learn the new and dangerous art。
There are persons�察�even in England�察�who can never learn to ride。 There
are whole populations in Europe�察 �even now�察 �when races have become
almost indistinguishably mixed�察 �who seem unable to learn。 And this
must have been still more the case when the races were more strongly
separated in blood and habits。 So the Teutonic chief�察 �with his gesitha�察�
comites�察�or select band of knights�察�who had received from him�察�as Tacitus
has it�察�the war´horse and the lance�察�established himself as the natural ruler´
´and oppressorof the non´riding populations�察�first over the aborigines of
Germany proper�察�tribes who seem to have been enslaved�察�and their names
lost�察�before the time of Tacitus�察�and then over the non´riding Romans and
Gauls to the South and West�察�and the Wendish and Sclavonic tribes to the
East。 Very few in numbers�察 �but mighty in their unequalled capacity of
body and mind�察 �and in their terrible horsemanship�察 �the Teutonic
Ritterschaft literally rode roughshod over the old world�察 �never checked�察�
but when they came in contact with the free´riding hordes of the Eastern
steppes�察�and so established an equestrian caste�察�of which the ��Greek text�А�
of Athens and the Equites of Rome had been only hints ending in failure
and absorption。
Of that equestrian caste the symbol was the horse。 The favourite�察�and
therefore the chosen sacrifice of Odin�察�their ancestor and God�察�the horse's
20
´ Page 21´
THE ANCIEN REGIME
flesh was eaten at the sacrificial meal�察�the horse's head�察�hung on the ash in
Odin's wood�察�gave forth oracular responses。 As Christianity came in�察�and
the eating of horse´flesh was forbidden as impiety by the Church�察 �while
his oracles dwindled down to such as that which Falada's dead head gives
to the goose´girl in the German tale�察�the magic power of the horse figured
only in ballads and legends�此 �but his real power remained。
The art of riding became an hereditary and exclusive scienceat last a
pedantry�察�hampered by absurd etiquettes�察�and worse than useless traditions�察�
but the power and right to ride remained on the whole the mark of the
dominant caste。 Terribly did they often abuse that special power。 The
faculty of making a horse carry him no more makes a man a good man�察�
than the faculties of making money�察�making speeches�察�making books�察�or
making a noise about public abuses。 And of all ruffians�察 �the worst�察 �if
history is to be trusted�察�is the ruffian on a horse�察�to whose brutality of mind
is superadded the brute power of his beast。 A ruffian on a horsewhat is
there that he will not ride over�察�and ride on�察�careless and proud of his own
shame�拭 �When the ancient chivalry of France descended to that level�察�or
rather delegated their functions to mercenaries of that level when the
knightly hosts who fought before Jerusalem allowed themselves to be
superseded by the dragoons and dragonnades of Louis XIV。then the end
of the French chivalry was at hand�察 �and came。 But centuries before that
shameful fall there had come in with Christianity the new thought�察 �that
domination meant responsibility�察 �that responsibility demanded virtue。
The words which denoted rank�察 �came to denote likewise high moral
excellencies。 The nobilis�察�or man who was known�察�and therefore subject
to public opinion�察�was bound to behave nobly。 The gentlemangentile´
manwho respected his own gens�察�or family and pedigree�察�was bound to
be gentle。 The courtier�察 �who had picked up at court some touch of
Roman civilisation from Roman ecclesiastics�察�was bound to be courteous。
He who held an ;honour; or ;edel; of land was bound to be honourable�察�
and he who held a ;weorthig�察─�or worthy�察�thereof�察�was bound himself to be
worthy。 In like wise�察�he who had the right to ride a horse�察�was expected
to be chivalrous in all matters befitting the hereditary ruler�察�who owed a
sacred debt to a long line of forefathers�察�as well as to the state in which he
21
´ Page 22´
THE ANCIEN REGIME
dwelt�察 �all dignity�察 �courtesy�察 �purity�察 �self´restraint�察 �devotionsuch as they
were understood in those rough dayscentred themselves round the idea
of the rider as the attributes of the man whose supposed duty�察�as well as
his supposed right�察�was to govern his fellow´men�察�by example�察�as well as
by law and force��attributes which gathered themselves up into that one
wordChivalry�此 �an idea�察 �which�察 �perfect or imperfect�察 �God forbid that
mankind should ever forget�察�till it has become the possessionas it is the
God´given rightof the poorest slave that ever trudged on foot�察�and every
collier´lad shall have becomeas some of those Barnsley men proved but
the other day they had become already�此�
A very gentle perfect knight�察�
Very unfaithful was chivalry to its idealas all men are to all ideals。
But bear in mind�察�that if the horse was the symbol of the ruling caste�察�it
was not at first its only strength。 Unless that caste had had at first
spiritual�察 �as well as physical force on its side�察 �it would have been soon
destroyednay�察 �it would have destroyed itselfby internecine civil war。
And we must believe that those Franks�察�Goths�察�Lombards�察�and Burgunds�察�
who in the early Middle Age leaped on the backs ��to use Mr。 Carlyle's
expression�� of the Roman nations�察�were actually�察�in all senses of the word�察�
better men than those whom they conquered。 We must believe it from
reason�察�for if not�察�how could they�察�numerically few�察�have held for a year�察�
much more for centuries�察 �against millions�察 �their dangerous elevation�拭�
We must believe it�察 �unless we take Tacitus's ;Germania�察─ �which I
absolutely refuse to do�察�for a romance。 We must believe that they were
better than the Romanised nations whom they conquered�察 �because the
writers of those nations�察�Augustine�察�Salvian�察�and Sidonius Apollinaris�察�for
example�察�say that they were such�察�and give proof thereof。 Not good men
according to our higher standard far from it�察�though Sidonius's picture of
Theodoric�察�the East Goth�察�in his palace of Narbonne�察�is the picture of an
eminently good and wise ruler。 But not good�察�I say�察�as a rulethe Franks�察�
alas� �often very bad men�此 �but still better�察�wiser�察�abler�察�than those whom
they ruled。 We must believe too�察�that they were better�察�in every sense of
the word�察�than those tribes on their eastern frontier�察�whom they conquered
in after centuries�察�unless we discredit ��which we have no reason to do�� the
22
´ Page 23´
THE ANCIEN REGIME
accounts which the Roman and Greek writers give of the horrible savagery
of those tribes。
So it was in later centuries。 One cannot read fairly the history of the
Middle Ages without seeing that the robber knight of Germany or of
France�察 �who figures so much in modern novels�察 �must have been the
exception�察�and not the rule�此 �that an aristocracy which lived by the saddle
would have as little chance of perpetuating itself�察 �as a priesthood
composed of hypocrites and profligates�察 �that the mediaeval Nobility has
been as much slandered as the mediaeval Church�察 �and the exceptions
takenas more salient and excitingfor the average�此 �that side by side
with ruffians like Gaston de Foix hundreds of honest gentlemen were
trying to do their duty to the best of their light�察�and were raising�察�and not
depressing�察�the masses below themone very important item in that duty
being�察�the doing the whole fighting of the country at their own expense�察�
instead of leaving it to a standing army of mercenaries�察�at the beck and call
of a despot�察 �and that�察 �as M。 de Tocqueville says�此 �In feudal times�察 �the
Nobility were regarded pretty much as the gover
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��