嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及6何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��





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saddles and they became at once the Northern Horse�察�famed as the finest 

light   cavalry   in   the  world。    And     equal   to  themsuperior      even�察  �if  we 

recollect that they preserved their country's freedom for centuries against 

the   superior   force   of   Englandwere   those   troops   of   Scots   who�察  �century 

after century�察�swept across the border on their little garrons�察�their bag of 

oatmeal hanging by the saddle�察�with the iron griddle whereon to bake it�察�

careless of weather and of danger�察�men too swift to be exterminated�察�too 

independent to be enslaved。 

     But if horsemanship had�察�in these cases�察�a levelling tendency it would 

have the very opposite when a riding tribe conquered a non´ riding one。 

The conquerors would�察�as much as possible�察�keep the art and mystery of 

horsemanship hereditary among themselves�察�and become a Ritterschaft or 

chivalrous      caste。   And     they   would     be   able  to   do  so�此   �because     the 

conquered race would not care or dare to learn the new and dangerous art。 

There are persons�察�even in England�察�who can never learn to ride。                     There 

are   whole   populations   in   Europe�察  �even   now�察  �when   races   have   become 

almost   indistinguishably   mixed�察       �who    seem   unable     to  learn。   And    this 

must   have   been   still   more   the   case   when   the   races   were   more   strongly 

separated   in   blood   and   habits。    So   the   Teutonic   chief�察  �with   his   gesitha�察�

comites�察�or select band of knights�察�who had received from him�察�as Tacitus 

has it�察�the war´horse and the lance�察�established himself as the natural ruler´ 

´and oppressorof the non´riding populations�察�first over the aborigines of 

Germany proper�察�tribes who seem to have been enslaved�察�and their names 

lost�察�before the time of Tacitus�察�and then over the non´riding Romans and 

Gauls to the South and West�察�and the Wendish and Sclavonic tribes to the 

East。    Very  few  in   numbers�察 �but   mighty  in   their   unequalled   capacity  of 

body     and    mind�察   �and    in   their   terrible   horsemanship�察      �the   Teutonic 

Ritterschaft   literally   rode   roughshod   over   the   old   world�察  �never   checked�察�

but when they came in contact with the free´riding hordes of the Eastern 

steppes�察�and so established an equestrian caste�察�of which the ��Greek text�А�

of Athens and the Equites of Rome had been only hints ending in failure 

and absorption。 

     Of that equestrian caste the symbol was the horse。              The favourite�察�and 

therefore the chosen sacrifice of Odin�察�their ancestor and God�察�the horse's 



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flesh was eaten at the sacrificial meal�察�the horse's head�察�hung on the ash in 

Odin's wood�察�gave forth oracular responses。 As Christianity came in�察�and 

the eating of horse´flesh was forbidden as impiety by the Church�察 �while 

his oracles dwindled down to such as that which Falada's dead head gives 

to the goose´girl in the German tale�察�the magic power of the horse figured 

only in ballads and legends�此        �but his real power remained。 

     The art of riding became an hereditary and exclusive scienceat last a 

pedantry�察�hampered by absurd etiquettes�察�and worse than useless traditions�察�

but   the   power   and   right   to   ride   remained   on   the   whole   the   mark   of   the 

dominant caste。        Terribly did they often abuse that special power。               The 

faculty of making a horse carry him no more makes a man a good man�察�

than the faculties of making money�察�making speeches�察�making books�察�or 

making   a   noise   about   public   abuses。     And   of   all   ruffians�察  �the   worst�察  �if 

history is to be trusted�察�is the ruffian on a horse�察�to whose brutality of mind 

is superadded the brute power of his beast。             A ruffian on a horsewhat is 

there that he will not ride over�察�and ride on�察�careless and proud of his own 

shame�拭      �When the ancient chivalry of France descended to that level�察�or 

rather   delegated   their   functions   to   mercenaries   of   that   level   when   the 

knightly   hosts   who   fought   before   Jerusalem   allowed   themselves   to   be 

superseded by the dragoons and dragonnades of Louis XIV。then the end 

of the   French chivalry  was at   hand�察  �and came。   But centuries before that 

shameful   fall   there   had   come   in   with   Christianity   the   new   thought�察  �that 

domination       meant    responsibility�察    �that  responsibility    demanded       virtue。 

The    words     which    denoted    rank�察  �came    to  denote    likewise    high   moral 

excellencies。      The nobilis�察�or man who was known�察�and therefore subject 

to public opinion�察�was bound to behave nobly。                 The gentlemangentile´ 

manwho respected his own gens�察�or family and pedigree�察�was bound to 

be   gentle。    The    courtier�察  �who    had   picked    up  at  court   some    touch   of 

Roman civilisation from Roman ecclesiastics�察�was bound to be courteous。 

He who held an ;honour; or ;edel; of land was bound to be honourable�察�

and he who held a ;weorthig�察─�or worthy�察�thereof�察�was bound himself to be 

worthy。     In like wise�察�he who had the right to ride a horse�察�was expected 

to be chivalrous in all matters befitting the hereditary ruler�察�who owed a 

sacred debt to a long line of forefathers�察�as well as to the state in which he 



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                                   THE ANCIEN REGIME 



dwelt�察  �all   dignity�察  �courtesy�察  �purity�察  �self´restraint�察  �devotionsuch   as   they 

were understood in those rough dayscentred themselves round the idea 

of the rider as the attributes of the man whose supposed duty�察�as well as 

his supposed right�察�was to govern his fellow´men�察�by example�察�as well as 

by law and force��attributes which gathered themselves up into that one 

wordChivalry�此       �an   idea�察  �which�察  �perfect   or   imperfect�察  �God   forbid   that 

mankind should ever forget�察�till it has become the possessionas it is the 

God´given rightof the poorest slave that ever trudged on foot�察�and every 

collier´lad shall have becomeas some of those Barnsley men proved but 

the other day they had become already�此�

       A very gentle perfect knight�察�

       Very unfaithful was chivalry to its idealas all men are to all ideals。 

But bear in mind�察�that if the horse was the symbol of the ruling caste�察�it 

was    not   at  first  its  only  strength。    Unless     that  caste   had   had   at  first 

spiritual�察  �as   well   as   physical   force   on   its   side�察  �it   would   have   been   soon 

destroyednay�察  �it   would   have   destroyed   itselfby   internecine   civil   war。 

And we must believe that those Franks�察�Goths�察�Lombards�察�and Burgunds�察�

who   in   the   early   Middle Age   leaped   on   the   backs   ��to   use   Mr。   Carlyle's 

expression�� of the Roman nations�察�were actually�察�in all senses of the word�察�

better   men   than those   whom  they  conquered。           We   must   believe it   from 

reason�察�for if not�察�how could they�察�numerically few�察�have held for a year�察�

much      more    for  centuries�察  �against    millions�察  �their   dangerous     elevation�拭�

We     must    believe    it�察 �unless   we    take   Tacitus's    ;Germania�察─     �which     I 

absolutely refuse to do�察�for a romance。              We must believe that they were 

better   than   the   Romanised   nations   whom   they   conquered�察  �because   the 

writers of those nations�察�Augustine�察�Salvian�察�and Sidonius Apollinaris�察�for 

example�察�say that they were such�察�and give proof thereof。                  Not good men 

according to our higher standard far from it�察�though Sidonius's picture of 

Theodoric�察�the East Goth�察�in his palace of Narbonne�察�is the picture of an 

eminently good and wise ruler。            But not good�察�I say�察�as a rulethe Franks�察�

alas� �often very bad men�此          �but still better�察�wiser�察�abler�察�than those whom 

they ruled。      We must believe too�察�that they were better�察�in every sense of 

the word�察�than those tribes on their eastern frontier�察�whom they conquered 

in after centuries�察�unless we discredit ��which we have no reason to do�� the 



                                                22 


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                                    THE ANCIEN REGIME 



accounts which the Roman and Greek writers give of the horrible savagery 

of those tribes。 

     So it was in later centuries。          One cannot read fairly the history of the 

Middle   Ages   without   seeing   that   the   robber   knight   of   Germany   or   of 

France�察    �who    figures    so   much    in  modern      novels�察   �must    have   been    the 

exception�察�and not the rule�此          �that an aristocracy which lived by the saddle 

would      have    as   little  chance     of   perpetuating      itself�察 �as   a  priesthood 

composed   of   hypocrites   and   profligates�察  �that  the   mediaeval   Nobility  has 

been   as   much   slandered   as   the   mediaeval   Church�察  �and   the   exceptions 

takenas   more   salient   and   excitingfor   the   average�此        �that   side   by   side 

with   ruffians   like   Gaston   de   Foix   hundreds   of   honest   gentlemen   were 

trying to do their duty to the best of their light�察�and were raising�察�and not 

depressing�察�the masses below themone very important item in that duty 

being�察�the doing the whole fighting of the country at their own expense�察�

instead of leaving it to a standing army of mercenaries�察�at the beck and call 

of   a   despot�察  �and   that�察  �as   M。   de Tocqueville   says�此    �In   feudal   times�察  �the 

Nobility were regarded pretty much as the gover
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��