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john jacob astor(埃魂,埃荻,安帽満)-及1何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



                       John Jacob Astor 



 John Jacob Astor 



        BY ELBERT HUBBARD 



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                                      John Jacob Astor 



                      LITTLE JOURNEYS 



     Victor Hugo says�察 �`When you open a school�察�you close a prison。'' 

     This seems to require a little explanation。            Victor Hugo did not have 

in   mind   a   theological   school�察  �nor   yet   a   young   ladies'   seminary�察  �nor   an 

English     boarding´school�察      �nor   a  military    academy�察    �and    least  of   all  a 

parochial institute。      What he was thinking of was a school where people 

young      and   old   were     taught   to   be   self´respecting�察    �self´reliant   and 

efficientto care for themselves�察�to help bear the burdens of the world�察�to 

assist themselves by adding to the happiness of others。 

     Victor   Hugo   fully   realized   that   the   only   education   that   serves   is   the 

one    that  increases    human     efficiency�察   �not   the  one   that  retards   it。  An 

education   for   honors�察  �ease�察  �medals�察  �degrees�察  �titles�察  �positionimmunity 

may tend to exalt the individual ego�察�but it weakens the race and its gain 

on the whole is nil。 

     Men   are   rich   only   as   they   give。  He   who   gives   great   service�察  �gets 

great returns。      Action and reaction are equal�察�and the radiatory power of 

the planets balances their attraction。           The love you keep is the love you 

give away。 

     A bumptious colored person wearing a derby tipped over one eye�察�and 

a   cigar   in   his   mouth   pointing   to   the   northwest�察  �walked   into   a   hardware 

store and remarked�察 �`Lemme see your razors。'' 

     The clerk smiled pleasantly and asked�察 �`Do you want a razor to shave 

with��'' 

     ``Naw��'' said the colored person�察 �`for social purposes。'' 

     An education for social purposes is n't of any  more use than a razor 

purchased for a like use。        An education which merely fits a person to prey 

on society�察�and occasionally slash it up�察�is a predatory preparation for a life 

of uselessness�察�and closes no prison。            Rather it opens a prison and takes 

captive at least one man。          The only education that makes free is the one 

that   tends   to  human     efficiency。    Teach     children    to  work�察   �play�察 �laugh�察�

fletcherize�察  �study�察  �think�察   �and   yet  againwork�察  �and   we      will   raze  every 

prison。 



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                                        John Jacob Astor 



     There   is   only   one   prison�察  �and   its   name   is   Inefficiency。     Amid   the 

bastions of this bastile of the brain the guards are Pride�察�Pretense�察�Greed�察�

Gluttony�察�Selfishness。 

     Increase human efficiency and you set the captives free。 

     ``The     Teutonic     tribes    have    captured     the   world    because     of   their 

efficiency��'' says Lecky the historian。 

     He then adds that he himself is a Celt。 

     The two statements taken together reveal Lecky to be a man without 

prejudice。      When the Irish tell the truth about the Dutch the millennium 

approaches。 

     Should the   quibbler   arise   and   say  that   the   Dutch   are not   Germans�察  �I 

will   reply�察  �true�察  �but   the   Germans   are   Dutch   at   least   they   are   of   Dutch 

descent。 

     The   Germans   are   great   simply   because   they   have   the   homely   and 

indispensable virtues of prudence�察�patience and industry。 

     There   is   no   copyright   on   these  qualities。     God   can   do   many   things�察�

but   so   far�察  �He   has   never   been   able   to   make   a   strong   race   of people   and 

leave these ingredients out of the formula。 

     As   a   nation�察  �Holland   first   developed   them   so   that   they   became   the 

characteristic of the whole people。 

     It was the slow�察�steady  stream of Hollanders pushing southward that 

civilized Germany。 

     Music      as   a  science     was    born    in  Holland。      The     grandfather      of 

Beethoven was a Dutchman。 

     Gutenberg's forebears were from Holland。 

     And when the Hollanders had gone clear through Germany�察�and then 

traversed   Italy�察  �and   came   back   home   by   way   of   Venice�察  �they   struck   the 

rock of spiritual resources and the waters gushed forth。 

     Since   Rembrandt   carried   portraiture   to   the   point   of   perfection�察  �two 

hundred and fifty years ago�察�Holland has been a land of artistsand it is so 

even unto this day。 

     John Jacob Astor was born of a Dutch family that had migrated down 

to Heidelberg from Antwerp。             Through some strange freak of atavism the 

father   of   the   boy   bred   back�察  �and   was   more   or   less   of   a   stone´age   cave´ 



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                                      John Jacob Astor 



dweller。     He was a butcher by trade�察�in the little town of Waldorf�察�a few 

miles from  Heidelberg。          A butcher's business   then   was   to   travel   around 

and kill the pet pig�察�or sheep�察�or cow that the tender´ hearted owners dare 

not    harm。    The     butcher   was    a  pariah�察  �a  sort  of   unofficial�察  �industrial 

hangman。 

     At   the   same   time   he   was   more   or   less   of   a   genius�察  �for   he   climbed 

steeples�察�dug wells�察�and did all kinds of disagreeable jobs that needed to be 

done�察�and from which sober and cautious men shrank like unwashed wool。 

     One   such   mana   German�察  �toolives   in   East Aurora。         I   joined   him�察�

accidentally�察�in walking along a country road the other day。                  He carried a 

big basket on his arm�察�and was peacefully smoking a big Dutch pipe。                      We 

talked of music and he was regretting the decline of a taste for Bach�察�when 

he shifted the basket to the other arm。 

     ``What have you in the basket��'' I asked。 

     And here is the answer�察 �`Noddingsbut dynamite。                 I vas going up on 

der   hill�察  �already�察  �to   blow   me   oud   some   stumps   oud。''   And   I   suddenly 

bethought me of an engagement I had at the village。 



     John    Jacob    Astor    was    the   youngest     of  four   sons�察  �and    as  many 

daughters。      The brothers ran away early in life�察�and went to sea or joined 

the army。      One of these boys came to America�察�and followed his father's 

trade of butcher。 

     Jacob Astor�察�the happy father of John Jacob�察�used to take the boy with 

him on his pig´killing expeditions。            This for two reasonsone�察�so the lad 

would learn a trade�察�and the other to make sure that the boy did not run 

away。 

     Parents   who   hold   their   children   by   force   have   a   very   slender   claim 

upon   them。      The   pastor   of   the   local   Lutheran   Church   took   pity  on   this 

boy�察�who had such disgust for his father's trade and hired him to work in 

his garden and run errands。 

     The   intelligence   and   alertness   of   the   lad   made   him   look   like   good 

timber for a minister。 

     He learned to read and was duly confirmed as a member of the church。 

     Under the kindly care of the village parson John Jacob grew in mind 



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                                      John Jacob Astor 



and   bodyhis   estate   was   to   come   later。   When   he   was   seventeen�察  �his 

father came and made a formal demand for his services。                  The young man 

must take up his father's work of butchering。 

     That night John Jacob walked out of Waldorf by the wan light of the 

moon�察�headed for Antwerp。            He carried a big red handkerchief in which 

his worldly goods were knotted�察�and in his heart he had the blessings of 

the Lutheran clergyman�察�who walked with him for half a mile�察�and said a 

prayer at parting。 

     To    have    youth�察   �high   hope�察   �right   intent�察  �health   and    a  big   red 

handkerchief is to be greatly blessed。 

     John Jacob got a job next day as oarsman on a lumber raft。 

     He reached Antwerp in a week。            There he got a job on the docks as a 

laborer。    The next day he was promoted to checker´ off。                The captain of 

a ship asked him to go to London and figure up the manifests on the way。 

He went。 

     The captain of the ship recommended him to the company in London�察�

and the boy was soon piling up wealth at the rate of a guinea a month。 

     In September�察�Seventeen Hundred and Eighty´three�察�came the news to 

London   that   George   Washington   had   surrendered。          In   any   event�察  �peace 

had been declared Cornwallis had forced the issue�察�so the Americans had 

stopped fighting。 

     A little later it was given out that England had given up her American 

Colonies�察�and they were free。 

     Intuitively John Jacob Astor felt that the ``New World'' was the place 

for him。     He bought passage on a sailing ship bound for Baltimore�察�at a 

cost of   five pounds。      He  then   fastened   five pounds in   a belt   around his 

waist�察�and with the rest of his moneyafter sending two pounds home to 

his father�察�with a letter of lovebought a dozen German flutes。 

     He   had   learned   to   play   on   this   instrument   with   proficiency�察  �and   in 

America he thought there would be an opening for musicians and musical 

instruments。 

     John Jacob was then nearly twenty years of age。 

     The   ship   sailed   in   November�察  �but   did   not   reach   Baltimore   until   the 

middle   of   March�察  �having   to   put   back   to   sea   on   account   of   storms   when 



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