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John Jacob Astor
John Jacob Astor
BY ELBERT HUBBARD
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John Jacob Astor
LITTLE JOURNEYS
Victor Hugo says�察 �`When you open a school�察�you close a prison。''
This seems to require a little explanation。 Victor Hugo did not have
in mind a theological school�察 �nor yet a young ladies' seminary�察 �nor an
English boarding´school�察 �nor a military academy�察 �and least of all a
parochial institute。 What he was thinking of was a school where people
young and old were taught to be self´respecting�察 �self´reliant and
efficientto care for themselves�察�to help bear the burdens of the world�察�to
assist themselves by adding to the happiness of others。
Victor Hugo fully realized that the only education that serves is the
one that increases human efficiency�察 �not the one that retards it。 An
education for honors�察 �ease�察 �medals�察 �degrees�察 �titles�察 �positionimmunity
may tend to exalt the individual ego�察�but it weakens the race and its gain
on the whole is nil。
Men are rich only as they give。 He who gives great service�察 �gets
great returns。 Action and reaction are equal�察�and the radiatory power of
the planets balances their attraction。 The love you keep is the love you
give away。
A bumptious colored person wearing a derby tipped over one eye�察�and
a cigar in his mouth pointing to the northwest�察 �walked into a hardware
store and remarked�察 �`Lemme see your razors。''
The clerk smiled pleasantly and asked�察 �`Do you want a razor to shave
with��''
``Naw��'' said the colored person�察 �`for social purposes。''
An education for social purposes is n't of any more use than a razor
purchased for a like use。 An education which merely fits a person to prey
on society�察�and occasionally slash it up�察�is a predatory preparation for a life
of uselessness�察�and closes no prison。 Rather it opens a prison and takes
captive at least one man。 The only education that makes free is the one
that tends to human efficiency。 Teach children to work�察 �play�察 �laugh�察�
fletcherize�察 �study�察 �think�察 �and yet againwork�察 �and we will raze every
prison。
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John Jacob Astor
There is only one prison�察 �and its name is Inefficiency。 Amid the
bastions of this bastile of the brain the guards are Pride�察�Pretense�察�Greed�察�
Gluttony�察�Selfishness。
Increase human efficiency and you set the captives free。
``The Teutonic tribes have captured the world because of their
efficiency��'' says Lecky the historian。
He then adds that he himself is a Celt。
The two statements taken together reveal Lecky to be a man without
prejudice。 When the Irish tell the truth about the Dutch the millennium
approaches。
Should the quibbler arise and say that the Dutch are not Germans�察 �I
will reply�察 �true�察 �but the Germans are Dutch at least they are of Dutch
descent。
The Germans are great simply because they have the homely and
indispensable virtues of prudence�察�patience and industry。
There is no copyright on these qualities。 God can do many things�察�
but so far�察 �He has never been able to make a strong race of people and
leave these ingredients out of the formula。
As a nation�察 �Holland first developed them so that they became the
characteristic of the whole people。
It was the slow�察�steady stream of Hollanders pushing southward that
civilized Germany。
Music as a science was born in Holland。 The grandfather of
Beethoven was a Dutchman。
Gutenberg's forebears were from Holland。
And when the Hollanders had gone clear through Germany�察�and then
traversed Italy�察 �and came back home by way of Venice�察 �they struck the
rock of spiritual resources and the waters gushed forth。
Since Rembrandt carried portraiture to the point of perfection�察 �two
hundred and fifty years ago�察�Holland has been a land of artistsand it is so
even unto this day。
John Jacob Astor was born of a Dutch family that had migrated down
to Heidelberg from Antwerp。 Through some strange freak of atavism the
father of the boy bred back�察 �and was more or less of a stone´age cave´
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John Jacob Astor
dweller。 He was a butcher by trade�察�in the little town of Waldorf�察�a few
miles from Heidelberg。 A butcher's business then was to travel around
and kill the pet pig�察�or sheep�察�or cow that the tender´ hearted owners dare
not harm。 The butcher was a pariah�察 �a sort of unofficial�察 �industrial
hangman。
At the same time he was more or less of a genius�察 �for he climbed
steeples�察�dug wells�察�and did all kinds of disagreeable jobs that needed to be
done�察�and from which sober and cautious men shrank like unwashed wool。
One such mana German�察 �toolives in East Aurora。 I joined him�察�
accidentally�察�in walking along a country road the other day。 He carried a
big basket on his arm�察�and was peacefully smoking a big Dutch pipe。 We
talked of music and he was regretting the decline of a taste for Bach�察�when
he shifted the basket to the other arm。
``What have you in the basket��'' I asked。
And here is the answer�察 �`Noddingsbut dynamite。 I vas going up on
der hill�察 �already�察 �to blow me oud some stumps oud。'' And I suddenly
bethought me of an engagement I had at the village。
John Jacob Astor was the youngest of four sons�察 �and as many
daughters。 The brothers ran away early in life�察�and went to sea or joined
the army。 One of these boys came to America�察�and followed his father's
trade of butcher。
Jacob Astor�察�the happy father of John Jacob�察�used to take the boy with
him on his pig´killing expeditions。 This for two reasonsone�察�so the lad
would learn a trade�察�and the other to make sure that the boy did not run
away。
Parents who hold their children by force have a very slender claim
upon them。 The pastor of the local Lutheran Church took pity on this
boy�察�who had such disgust for his father's trade and hired him to work in
his garden and run errands。
The intelligence and alertness of the lad made him look like good
timber for a minister。
He learned to read and was duly confirmed as a member of the church。
Under the kindly care of the village parson John Jacob grew in mind
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John Jacob Astor
and bodyhis estate was to come later。 When he was seventeen�察 �his
father came and made a formal demand for his services。 The young man
must take up his father's work of butchering。
That night John Jacob walked out of Waldorf by the wan light of the
moon�察�headed for Antwerp。 He carried a big red handkerchief in which
his worldly goods were knotted�察�and in his heart he had the blessings of
the Lutheran clergyman�察�who walked with him for half a mile�察�and said a
prayer at parting。
To have youth�察 �high hope�察 �right intent�察 �health and a big red
handkerchief is to be greatly blessed。
John Jacob got a job next day as oarsman on a lumber raft。
He reached Antwerp in a week。 There he got a job on the docks as a
laborer。 The next day he was promoted to checker´ off。 The captain of
a ship asked him to go to London and figure up the manifests on the way。
He went。
The captain of the ship recommended him to the company in London�察�
and the boy was soon piling up wealth at the rate of a guinea a month。
In September�察�Seventeen Hundred and Eighty´three�察�came the news to
London that George Washington had surrendered。 In any event�察 �peace
had been declared Cornwallis had forced the issue�察�so the Americans had
stopped fighting。
A little later it was given out that England had given up her American
Colonies�察�and they were free。
Intuitively John Jacob Astor felt that the ``New World'' was the place
for him。 He bought passage on a sailing ship bound for Baltimore�察�at a
cost of five pounds。 He then fastened five pounds in a belt around his
waist�察�and with the rest of his moneyafter sending two pounds home to
his father�察�with a letter of lovebought a dozen German flutes。
He had learned to play on this instrument with proficiency�察 �and in
America he thought there would be an opening for musicians and musical
instruments。
John Jacob was then nearly twenty years of age。
The ship sailed in November�察 �but did not reach Baltimore until the
middle of March�察 �having to put back to sea on account of storms when
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