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john jacob astor(埃魂,埃荻,安帽満)-及2何蛍
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John Jacob Astor
within sight of the Chesapeake。 Then a month was spent later hunting
for the Chesapeake。 There was plenty of time for flute´playing and
making of plans。
On board ship he met a German�察�twenty years older than himself�察�who
was a fur trader and had been home on a visit。
John Jacob played the flute and the German friend told stories of fur
trading among the Indians。
Young Astor's curiosity was excited。 The Waldorf´Astoria plan of
flute´playing was forgotten。 He fed on fur trading。
The habits of the animals�察�the value of their pelts�察�the curing of the furs�察�
their final market�察 �was all gone over again and again。 The two extra
months at sea gave him an insight into a great business and he had the
time to fletcherize his ideas。 He thought about itwrote about it in his
diary�察�for he was at the journal´age。 Wolves�察�bears badgers�察�minks�察�and
muskrats�察�filled his dreams。
Arriving in Baltimore he was disappointed to learn that there were no
fur traders there。 He started for New York。
Here he found work with a certain Robert Bowne�察 �a Quaker�察 �who
bought and sold furs。
Young Astor set himself to learn the businessevery part of it。 He
was always sitting on the curb at the door before the owner got around in
the morning�察�carrying a big key to open the warehouse。 He was the last
to leave at night。 He pounded furs with a stick�察�salted them�察�sorted them�察�
took them to the tanners�察�brought them home。
He worked�察�and as he worked�察�learned。
To secure the absolute confidence of a man�察�obey him。 Only thus do
you get him to lay aside his weapons�察�be he friend or enemy。
Any dullard can be waited on and served�察 �but to serve requires
judgment�察�skill�察�tact�察�patience and industry。
The qualities that make a youth a good servant are the basic ones for
mastership。 Astor's alertness�察 �willingness�察 �loyalty�察 �and ability to obey�察�
delivered his employer over into his hands。
Robert Bowne�察 �the good old Quaker�察 �insisted that Jacob should call
him Robert�察�and from boarding the young man with a near´by war widow
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John Jacob Astor
who took cheap boarders�察�Bowne took young Astor to his own house�察�and
raised his pay from two dollars a week to six。
Bowne had made an annual trip to Montreal for many years。
Montreal was the metropolis for furs。 Bowne went to Montreal
himself because he did not know of any one he could trust to carry the
message to Garcia。 Those who knew furs and had judgment were not
honest�察�and those who were honest did not know furs。 Honest fools are
really no better than rogues�察 �as far as practical purposes are concerned。
Bowne once found a man who was honest and also knew furs�察�but alas� �he
had a passion for drink�察�and no prophet could foretell his ``periodic��'' until
after it occurred。
Young Astor had been with Bowne only a year。 He spoke imperfect
English�察 �but he did not drink nor gamble�察 �and he knew furs and was
honest。
Bowne started him off for Canada with a belt full of gold�察 �his only
weapon was a German flute that he carried in his hand。 Bowne being a
Quaker did not believe in guns。 Flutes were a little out of his line�察�too�察�
but he preferred them to flintlocks。
John Jacob Astor ascended the Hudson River to Albany�察�and then with
pack on his back�察 �struck north�察 �alone�察 �through the forest for Lake
Champlain。 As he approached an Indian settlement he played his flute。
The aborigines showed no disposition to give him the hook。 He hired
Indians to paddle him up to the Canadian border。 He reached Montreal。
The fur traders there knew Bowne as a very sharp buyer�察�and so had
their quills out on his approach。 But young Astor was seemingly
indifferent。 His manner was courteous and easy。
He got close to his man�察�and took his pick of the pelts at fair prices。
He expended all of his money�察 �and even bought on credit�察 �for there are
men who always have credit。
Young Astor found Indian nature to be simply human nature。
The savage was a man�察�and courtesy�察�gentleness and fairly good flute´
playing soothed his savage breast。 Astor had beads and blankets�察�a flute
and a smile。 The Indians carried his goods by relays and then passed him
on with guttural certificates as to character�察�to other red men�察�and at last he
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John Jacob Astor
reached New York without the loss of a pelt or the dampening of his ardor。
Bowne was delighted。 To young Astor it was nothing。 He had in
his blood the success corpuscle。 He might have remained with Bowne
and become a partner in the business�察�but Bowne had business limitations
and Astor had n't。
So after a three years' apprenticeship�察�Astor knew all that Bowne did
and all he himself could imagine besides。 So he resigned。
In Seventeen Hundred and Eighty´six�察 �John Jacob Astor began
business on his own account in a little store on Water Street�察�New York。
There was one room and a basement。 He had saved a few hundred
dollars�察�his brother�察�the butcher�察�had loaned him a few hundred more�察�and
Robert Bowne had contributed a bale of skins to be paid for ``at thy own
price and thy own convenience。''
Astor had made friends with the Indians up the Hudson clear to
Albany�察�and they were acting as recruiting agents for him。 He was a bit
boastful of the fact that he had taught an Indian to play the flute�察 �and
anyway he had sold the savage the instrument for a bale of beaver pelts�察�
with a bearskin thrown in for good measure。 It was a musical
achievement as well as a commercial one。
Having collected several thousand dollars' worth of furs he shipped
them to London and embarked as a passenger in the steerage。 The trip
showed him that ability to sell was quite as necessary as the ability to buy´
´a point which with all of his shrewdness Bowne had never guessed。
In London furs were becoming a fad。 Astor sorted and sifted his
buyers�察�as he had his skins。 He himself dressed in a suit of fur and thus
proved his ability as an advertiser。 He picked his men and charged all the
traffic would bear。 He took orders�察 �on sample�察 �from the nobility and
sundry of the gentry�察�and thereby cut the middleman。 All of the money
he received for his skins�察 �he invested in ``Indian Goods''colored cloth�察�
beads�察�blankets�察�knives�察�axes�察�and musical instruments。
His was the first store in New York that carried a stock of musical
instruments。 These he sold to savages�察 �and also he supplied the stolid
Dutch the best of everything in this particular line from a bazoo to a
Stradivarius violin。
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John Jacob Astor
When he got back to New York�察 �he at once struck out through the
wilderness to buy furs of the Indians�察 �or better still�察 �to interest them in
bringing furs to him。
He knew the value of friendship in trade as no man of the time did。
He went clear through to Lake Erie�察�down to Niagara Falls�察�along Lake
Ontario�察 �across to Lake Champlain and then down the Hudson。 He
foresaw the great city of Buffalo�察�and Rochester as well�察�only he said that
Rochester would probably be situated directly on the Lake。 But the
water´ power of the Genesee Falls proved a stronger drawing power than
the Lake Front。 He prophesied that along the banks of the Niagara Falls
would be built the greatest manufacturing city in the world。 There were
flour´mills and sawmills there then。 The lumber first used in building the
city of Buffalo was brought from the sawmills at ``The Falls。''
Electric power�察 �of course�察 �was then a thing unguessed�察 �but Astor
prophesied the Erie Canal�察�and made good guesses as to where prosperous
cities would appear along its line。
In Seventeen Hundred and Ninety�察 �John Jacob Astor married Sarah
Todd。 Her mother was a Brevoort�察 �and it was brought about by her
coming to Astor to buy furs with which to make herself a coat。 Her
ability to judge furs and make them up won the heart of the dealer。 The
marriage brought young Astor into ``the best Dutch New York society��'' a
combination that was quite as exclusive then as now。
This marriage was
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