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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

autobiography-及18何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


ed�察�must be compounded of a mixture of state and federal authorities。  It is not enough that honest men are appointed judges。  All know the influence of interest on the mind of man�察�and how unconsciously his judgment is warped by that influence。  To this bias add that of the esprit de corps�察�of their peculiar maxim and creed that ;it is the office of a good judge to enlarge his jurisdiction�察─�and the absence of responsibility�察�and how can we expect impartial decision between the General government�察�of which they are themselves so eminent a part�察�and an individual state from which they have nothing to hope or fear。  We have seen too that�察�contrary to all correct example�察�they are in the habit of going out of the question before them�察�to throw an anchor ahead and grapple further hold for future advances of power。  They are then in fact the corps of sappers & miners�察�steadily working to undermine the independant rights of the States�察�& to consolidate all power in the hands of that government in which they have so important a freehold estate。  But it is not by the consolidation�察�or concentration of powers�察�but by their distribution�察�that good government is effected。 Were not this great country already divided into states�察�that division must be made�察�that each might do for itself what concerns itself directly�察�and what it can so much better do than a distant authority。  Every state again is divided into counties�察�each to take care of what lies within it's local bounds�察�each county again into townships or wards�察�to manage minuter details�察�and every ward into farms�察�to be governed each by it's individual proprietor。  Were we directed from Washington when to sow�察�& when to reap�察�we should soon want bread。  It is by this partition of cares�察�descending in gradation from general to particular�察�that the mass of human affairs may be best managed for the good and prosperity of all。  I repeat that I do not charge the judges with wilful and ill´intentioned error�察�but honest error must be arrested where it's toleration leads to public ruin。  As�察�for the safety of society�察�we commit honest maniacs to Bedlam�察�so judges should be withdrawn from their bench�察�whose erroneous biases are leading us to dissolution。  It may indeed injure them in fame or in fortune�察�but it saves the republic�察�which is the first and supreme law。  In the impeachment of judge Pickering of New Hampshire�察�a habitual & maniac drunkard�察�no defence was made。 Had there been�察�the party vote of more than one third of the Senate would have acquitted him。

        ��* 10�� In the impeachment of judge Pickering of New Hampsire�察�a habitual & maniac drunkard�察�no defence was made。  Had there been�察�the party vote of more than one third of the Senate would have acquitted him。

        Among the debilities of the government of the Confederation�察�no one was more distinguished or more distressing than the utter impossibility of obtaining�察�from the states�察�the monies necessary for the payment of debts�察�or even for the ordinary expenses of the government。  Some contributed a little�察�some less�察�& some nothing�察�and the last furnished at length an excuse for the first to do nothing also。  Mr。 Adams�察�while residing at the Hague�察�had a general authority to borrow what sums might be requisite for ordinary & necessary expenses。  Interest on the public debt�察�and the maintenance of the diplomatic establishment in Europe�察�had been habitually provided in this way。  He was now elected Vice President of the U。 S。 was soon to return to America�察�and had referred our bankers to me for future councel on our affairs in their hands。  But I had no powers�察�no instructions�察�no means�察�and no familiarity with the subject。  It had always been exclusively under his management�察�except as to occasional and partial deposits in the hands of Mr。 Grand�察�banker in Paris�察�for special and local purposes。  These last had been exhausted for some time�察�and I had fervently pressed the Treasury board to replenish this particular deposit�察�as Mr。 Grand now refused to make further advances。  They answered candidly that no funds could be obtained until the new government should get into action�察�and have time to make it's arrangements。  Mr。 Adams had received his appointment to the court of London while engaged at Paris�察�with Dr。 Franklin and myself�察�in the negotiations under our joint commissions。 He had repaired thence to London�察�without returning to the Hague to take leave of that government。  He thought it necessary however to do so now�察�before he should leave Europe�察�and accordingly went there。  I learned his departure from London by a letter from Mrs。  Adams received on the very day on which he would arrive at the Hague。  A consultation with him�察�& some provision for the future was indispensable�察�while we could yet avail ourselves of his powers。  For when they would be gone�察�we should be without resource。  I was daily dunned by a company who had formerly made a small loan to the U S。 the principal of which was now become due�察�and our bankers in Amsterdam had notified me that the interest on our general debt would be expected in June�察�that if we failed to pay it�察�it would be deemed an act of bankruptcy and would effectually destroy the credit of the U S。 and all future prospect of obtaining money there�察�that the loan they had been authorized to open�察�of which a third only was filled�察�and now ceased to get forward�察�and rendered desperate that hope of resource。  I saw that there was not a moment to lose�察�and set out for the Hague on the 2d。 morning after receiving the information of Mr。 Adams's journey。  I went the direct road by Louvres�察�Senlis�察�Roye�察�Pont St。 Maxence�察�Bois le duc�察�Gournay�察�Peronne�察�Cambray�察�Bouchain�察�Valenciennes�察�Mons�察�Bruxelles�察�Malines�察�Antwerp�察�Mordick�察�and Rotterdam�察�to the Hague�察�where I happily found Mr。 Adams。  He concurred with me at once in opinion that something must be done�察�and that we ought to risk ourselves on doing it without instructions�察�to save the credit of the U S。  We foresaw that before the new government could be adopted�察�assembled�察�establish it's financial system�察�get the money into the treasury�察�and place it in Europe�察�considerable time would elapse�察�that therefore we had better provide at once for the years 88。 89。 & 90。 in order to place our government at it's ease�察�and our credit in security�察�during that trying interval。  We set out therefore by the way of Leyden for Amsterdam�察�where we arrived on the 10th。  I had prepared an estimate showing that

                            Florins。         there would be necessary for the year 88  531��937  10                                             89  538��540                                             90  473��540                                                                                     Total�察      �1��544��017  10                                                Flor。

    to meet this the bankers had in hand 79��268  2  8     & the unsold bonds would yield      542��800         622��068  2  8                                                 ´     we proposed then to borrow a million yielding。 。 。  900��000                                                         ´     which would leave a small deficiency of。 。 。 。 。 。    1��949  7  4

        Mr。 Adams accordingly executed 1000。 bonds�察�for 1000。 florins each�察�and deposited them in the hands of our bankers�察�with instructions however not to issue them until Congress should ratify the measure。  This done�察�he returned to London�察�and I set out for Paris�察�and as nothing urgent forbade it�察�I determined to return along the banks of the Rhine to Strasburg�察�and thence strike off to Paris。 I accordingly left Amsterdam on the 30th of March�察�and proceeded by Utrecht�察�Nimeguen�察�Cleves�察�Duysberg�察�Dusseldorf�察�Cologne�察�Bonne�察�Coblentz�察�Nassau�察�Hocheim�察�Frankfort�察�& made an excursion to Hanau�察�thence to Mayence and another excursion to Rude´sheim�察�& Johansberg�察�then by Oppenheim�察�Worms�察�and Manheim�察�and an excursion to Heidelberg�察�then by Spire�察�Carlsruh�察�Rastadt & Kelh�察�to Strasburg�察�where I arrived Apr。 16th�察�and proceeded again on the 18th�察�by Phalsbourg�察�Fenestrange�察�Dieuze�察�Moyenvie�察�Nancy�察�Toul�察�Ligny�察�Barleduc�察�St。 Diziers�察�Vitry�察�Chalons sur Marne�察�Epernay�察�Chateau Thierri�察�Meaux�察�to Paris where I arrived on the 23d。 of April�察�and I had the satisfaction to reflect that by this journey our credit was secured�察�the new government was placed at ease for two years to come�察�and that as well as myself were relieved from the torment of incessant duns�察�whose just complaints could not be silenced by any means within our power。

        A Consular Convention had been agreed on in 84。 between Dr。 Franklin and the French government containing several articles so entirely inconsistent with the laws of the several states�察�and the general spirit of our citizens�察�that Congress withheld their ratification�察�and sent it back to me with instructions to get those articles expunged or modified so as to render them compatible with our laws。  The minister retired unwillingly from these concessions�察�which indeed authorized the exercise of powers very offensive in a free state。  After much discussion it was reformed in a considerable degree�察�and the Convention was signed by the Count Montmorin and myself�察�on the 14th。 of Nov。 88 not indeed such as I would have wished�察�but such as could be obtained with good humor & friendship。

        On my return from Holland�察�I had found Paris still in high fermentation as I had left it。  Had the Archbishop�察�on the close of the assembly of Notables�察�immediately carried into operation the measures contemplated�察�it was believed they would all have been registered by the parliament�察�but he was slow�察�presented his edicts�察�one after another�察�& at considerable intervals of time�察�which gave time for the feelings excited by the proceedings of the Notables to cool off�察�new claims to be advanced�察�and a pressure to arise for a fixed constitution�察�not subject to changes at the will of the King。 Nor should we wonder at this pressure when we consider the monstrous abuses of power under which this people were ground to powder�察�when we pass in review the weight of their taxes�察�and inequality of their distribution�察�the oppressions of the tythes�察�of the tailles�察�the corvees�察�the gabelles�察�the farms & barriers�察�the sh
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