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since the words and reasons were adapted to the understanding of Cain。
��130�� So�察 �too�察 �the revelation to Micaiah would only teach that God
revealed to him the true issue of the battle between Ahab and Aram�察�and
this is all we are bound to believe。 ��131�� Whatever else is contained in the
revelation concerning the true and the false Spirit of God�察 �the army of
heaven standing on the right hand and on the left�察�and all the other details�察�
does not affect us at all。 ��132�� Everyone may believe as much of it as his
reason allows。
��132�� The reasonings by which the Lord displayed His power to Job ��if
they really were a revelation�察�and the author of the history is narrating�察�and
not merely�察�as some suppose�察�rhetorically adorning his own conceptions���察�
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would come under the same category ´ that is�察�they were adapted to Job's
understanding�察�for the purpose of convincing him�察�and are not universal�察�or
for the convincing of all men。
��133�� We can come to no different conclusion with respect to the
reasonings of Christ�察 �by which He convicted the Pharisees of pride and
ignorance�察 �and exhorted His disciples to lead the true life。 ��134�� He
adapted them to each man's opinions and principles。 ��135�� For instance�察�
when He said to the Pharisees ��Matt。 xii��26���察 �And if Satan cast out devils�察�
his house is divided against itself�察�how then shall his kingdom stand�拭。�136��
;He only wished to convince the Pharisees according�察 �to their own
principles�察 �not to teach that there are devils�察 �or any kingdom of devils。
��137�� So�察�too�察�when He said to His disciples ��Matt。 viii��10���察 �See that ye
despise not one of these little ones�察�for I say unto you that their angels�察─�
&c。�察�He merely desired to warn them against pride and despising any of
their fellows�察�not to insist on the actual reason given�察�which was simply
adopted in order to persuade them more easily。
��138�� Lastly�察 �we should say�察 �exactly the same of the apostolic signs
and reasonings�察�but there is no need to go further into the subject。 ��139�� If
I were to enumerate all the passages of Scripture addressed only to
individuals�察 �or to a particular man's understanding�察 �and which cannot�察�
without great danger to philosophy�察 �be defended as Divine doctrines�察 �I
should go far beyond the brevity at which I aim。 ��140�� Let it suffice�察�then�察�
to have indicated a few instances of general application�察 �and let the
curious reader consider others by himself。 ��141�� Although the points we
have just raised concerning prophets and prophecy are the only ones
which have any direct bearing on the end in view�察�namely�察�the separation
of Philosophy from Theology�察 �still�察 �as I have touched on the general
question�察�I may here inquire whether the gift of prophecy was peculiar to
the Hebrews�察�or whether it was common to all nations。 ��142�� I must then
come to a conclusion about the vocation of the Hebrews�察 �all of which I
shall do in the ensuing chapter。
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CHAPTER III。
OF THE VOCATION OF THE HEBREWS�察�AND
WHETHER THE GIFT OF PROPHECY WAS
PECULIAR TO THEM。
��1�� Every man's true happiness and blessedness consist solely in the
enjoyment of what is good�察�not in the pride that he alone is enjoying it�察�to
the exclusion of others。 ��2�� He who thinks himself the more blessed
because he is enjoying benefits which others are not�察�or because he is more
blessed or more fortunate than his fellows�察 �is ignorant of true happiness
and blessedness�察�and the joy which he feels is either childish or envious
and malicious。 ��3�� For instance�察 �a man's true happiness consists only in
wisdom�察 �and the knowledge of the truth�察�not at all in the fact that he is
wiser than others�察�or that others lack such knowledge�此�such considerations
do not increase his wisdom or true happiness。
��4�� Whoever�察�therefore�察�rejoices for such reasons�察�rejoices in another's
misfortune�察 �and is�察 �so far�察 �malicious and bad�察 �knowing neither true
happiness nor the peace of the true life。
��5�� When Scripture�察�therefore�察 �in exhorting the Hebrews to obey the
law�察�says that the Lord has chosen them for Himself before other nations
��Deut。 x��15���察�that He is near them�察�but not near others ��Deut。 iv��7���察�that to
them alone He has given just laws ��Deut。 iv��8���察 �and�察 �lastly�察 �that He has
marked them out before others ��Deut。 iv��32���察�it speaks only according to
the understanding of its hearers�察�who�察�as we have shown in the last chapter�察�
and as Moses also testifies ��Deut。 ix��6�察�7���察�knew not true blessedness。 ��6��
For in good sooth they would have been no less blessed if God had called
all men equally to salvation�察 �nor would God have been less present to
them for being equally present to others�察�their laws�察�would have been no
less just if they had been ordained for all�察�and they themselves would have
been no less wise。 ��7�� The miracles would have shown God's power no
less by being wrought for other nations also�察 �lastly�察 �the Hebrews would
have been just as much bound to worship God if He had bestowed all
these gifts equally on all men。
��8�� When God tells Solomon ��1 Kings iii��12�� that no one shall be as
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wise as he in time to come�察�it seems to be only a manner of expressing
surpassing wisdom�察 �it is little to be believed that God would have
promised Solomon�察�for his greater happiness�察�that He would never endow
anyone with so much wisdom in time to come�察�this would in no wise have
increased Solomon's intellect�察�and the wise king would have given equal
thanks to the Lord if everyone had been gifted with the same faculties。
��9�� Still�察 �though we assert that Moses�察 �in the passages of the
Pentateuch just cited�察 �spoke only according to the understanding of the
Hebrews�察�we have no wish to deny that God ordained the Mosaic law for
them alone�察 �nor that He spoke to them alone�察 �nor that they witnessed
marvels beyond those which happened to any other nation�察�but we wish to
emphasize that Moses desired to admonish the Hebrews in such a manner�察�
and with such reasonings as would appeal most forcibly to their childish
understanding�察�and constrain them to worship the Deity。 ��10�� Further�察�we
wished to show that the Hebrews did not surpass other nations in
knowledge�察�or in piety�察�but evidently in some attribute different from these�察�
or ��to speak like the Scriptures�察�according to their understanding���察�that the
Hebrews were not chosen by God before others for the sake of the true life
and sublime ideas�察�though they were often thereto admonished�察�but with
some other object。 ��11�� What that object was�察�I will duly show。
��12�� But before I begin�察�I wish in a few words to explain what I mean
by the guidance of God�察 �by the help of God�察 �external and inward�察 �and�察�
lastly�察�what I understand by fortune。
��13�� By the help of God�察�I mean the fixed and unchangeable order of
nature or the chain of natural events�此 �for I have said before and shown
elsewhere that the universal laws of nature�察�according to which all things
exist and are determined�察�are only another name for the eternal decrees of
God�察�which always involve eternal truth and necessity。
��14�� So that to say that everything happens according to natural laws�察�
and to say that everything is ordained by the decree and ordinance of God�察�
is the same thing。 ��15�� Now since the power in nature is identical with the
power of God�察 �by which alone all things happen and are determined�察 �it
follows that whatsoever man�察�as a part of nature�察�provides himself with to
aid and preserve his existence�察�or whatsoever nature affords him without
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his help�察�is given to him solely by the Divine power�察�acting either through
human nature or through external circumstance。 ��16�� So whatever human
nature can furnish itself with by its own efforts to preserve its existence�察�
may be fitly called the inward aid of God�察�whereas whatever else accrues
to man's profit from outward causes may be called the external aid of God。
��17�� We can now easily understand what is meant by the election of
God。 ��18�� For since no one can do anything save by the predetermined
order of nature�察�that is by God's eternal ordinance and decree�察�it follows
that no one can choose a plan of life for himself�察�or accomplish any work
save by God's vocation choosing him for the work or the plan of life in
question�察 �rather than any other。 ��19�� Lastly�察 �by fortune�察 �I mean the
ordinance of God in so far as it directs human life through external and
unexpec
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