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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及9何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



not remain longer than usual above the horizon�察�without his knowing the 

cause�拭  。�72��   To   me   both   alternatives   appear   ridiculous�察  �and   therefore   I 

would      rather   say�察  �that  Joshua     was   ignorant     of  the   true   cause   of   the 

lengthened day�察�and that he and the whole host with him thought that the 

sun moved round the earth every day�察�and that on that particular occasion 

it   stood   still   for   a   time�察  �thus   causing   the   light   to   remain   longer�察  �and   I 

would say�察�that they did not conjecture that�察�from the amount of snow in 

the air ��see Josh。 x��11���察�the refraction may have been greater than usual�察�or 

that there may have been some other cause which we will not now inquire 

into。 

     ��73�� So also the sign of the shadow going back was revealed to Isaiah 



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according      to   his  understanding�察     �that   is�察 �as  proceeding      from    a  going 

backwards of the sun�察�for he�察�too�察�thought that the sun moves and that the 

earth   is   still�察  �of   parhelia   he   perhaps   never   even   dreamed。   ��74��   We   may 

arrive   at   this   conclusion   without   any�察  �scruple�察  �for   the   sign   could   really 

have come to pass�察�and have been predicted by Isaiah to the king�察�without 

the prophet being aware of the real cause。 

     ��75�� With regard to the building of the Temple by Solomon�察�if it was 

really dictate by God we must maintain the same doctrine�此�namely�察�that all 

the     measurements        were     revealed     according      to   the    opinions     and 

understanding of the king�察�for as we are not bound to believe that Solomon 

was a mathematician�察�we may affirm that he was ignorant of the true ratio 

between the circumference and the diameter of a circle�察�and that�察�like the 

generality of workmen�察�he thought that it was as three to one。 ��76�� But if it 

is   allowable   to   declare   that   we   do   not   understand   the   passage�察  �in   good 

sooth I know nothing in the Bible that we can understand�察�for the process 

of building is there narrated simply and as a mere matter of history。 ��77�� If�察�

again�察�it is permitted to pretend that the passage has another meaning�察�and 

was written as it is from some reason unknown to us�察�this is no less than a 

complete   subversal   of   the   Bible�察  �for   every   absurd   and   evil   invention   of 

human perversity could thus�察�without detriment to Scriptural authority�察�be 

defended   and   fostered。   ��78��   Our   conclusion   is   in   no   wise   impious�察  �for 

though   Solomon�察 �Isaiah�察�Joshua�察 �&c。   were   prophets�察 �they  were   none   the 

less men�察�and as such not exempt from human shortcomings。 

     ��79�� According to   the  understanding   of   Noah it   was   revealed to   him 

that God as about to destroy the whole human race�察�for Noah thought that 

beyond the limits of Palestine the world was not inhabited。 

     ��80�� Not only in matters of this kind�察�but in others more important�察�the 

about the Divine attributes�察�but held quite ordinary notions about God�察�and 

to these notions their  revelations were adapted�察�as   I will demonstrate by 

ample Scriptural testimony�察�from all which one may easily see that they 

were praised and commended�察�not so much for the sublimity and eminence 

of their intellect as for their piety and faithfulness。 

     ��81�� Adam�察  �the   first   man   to   whom   God   was   revealed�察  �did   not   know 

that He is omnipotent and omniscient�察�for he hid himself from Him�察�and 



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attempted to make excuses for his fault before God�察�as though he had had 

to do with a man�察�therefore to him also was God revealed according to his 

understanding   ´   that   is�察  �as   being   unaware   of   his   situation   or   his   sin�察  �for 

Adam heard�察�or seemed to hear�察�the Lord walling�察�in the garden�察�calling 

him and asking him where he was�察�and then�察�on seeing his shamefacedness�察�

asking     him    whether    he   had   eaten   of   the  forbidden     fruit。  ��82��   Adam 

evidently only knew the Deity as the Creator of all things。 ��83�� To Cain 

also   God   was   revealed�察  �according   to   his   understanding�察  �as   ignorant   of 

human   affairs�察  �nor   was   a   higher   conception   of   the   Deity   required   for 

repentance of his sin。 

     ��83��   To   Laban   the   Lord   revealed   Himself   as   the   God   of   Abraham�察�

because Laban believed that each nation had its own special divinity ��see 

Gen。 xxxi��29��。 ��84�� Abraham also knew not that God is omnipresent�察�and 

has foreknowledge of   all things�察  �for when he heard   the sentence   against 

the inhabitants of Sodom�察�he prayed that the Lord should not execute it till 

He had ascertained whether they all merited such punishment�察�for he said 

��see Gen。 xviii��24���察 �Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city�察─�

and in accordance with this belief God was revealed to him�察�as Abraham 

imagined�察�He spake thus�此 �I will go down now�察�and see whether they have 

done altogether according to the cry of it which is come unto Me�察�and�察�if 

not�察�I will know。; ��85�� Further�察�the Divine testimony concerning Abraham 

asserts   nothing   but   that   he   was   obedient�察  �and   that   he   ;commanded   his 

household   after   him   that   they   should   keep   the   way   of   the   Lord;   ��Gen。 

xviii��19���察�it does not state that he held sublime conceptions of the Deity。 

     ��86��   Moses�察 �also�察 �was   not   sufficiently  aware   that   God is   omniscient�察�

and directs human actions by His sole decree�察�for although God Himself 

says that the Israelites should hearken to Him�察�Moses still considered the 

matter doubtful and repeated�察 �But if they will not believe me�察�nor hearken 

unto my voice。; ��87�� To him in like manner God was revealed as taking no 

part in�察�and as being ignorant of�察�future human actions�此�the Lord gave him 

two signs and said�察 �And it shall come to pass that if they will not believe 

thee�察�neither hearken to the voice of the first sign�察�that they will believe the 

voice of the latter sign�察�but if not�察�thou shalt take of the water of the river�察─�

&c。    ��88��   Indeed�察   �if  any   one   considers    without    prejudice    the   recorded 



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opinions of Moses�察�he will plainly see that Moses conceived the Deity as a 

Being Who has always existed�察�does exist�察�and always will exist�察�and for 

this cause he calls Him by the name Jehovah�察�which in Hebrew signifies 

these three phases of existence�此�as to His nature�察�Moses only taught that 

He   is   merciful�察  �gracious�察  �and   exceeding   jealous�察  �as   appears   from   many 

passages   in   the   Pentateuch。   ��89��   Lastly�察  �he   believed   and   taught   that   this 

Being      was    so  different    from    all   other   beings�察   �that   He    could    not   be 

expressed   by   the   image   of   any   visible   thing�察  �also�察  �that   He   could   not   be 

looked   upon�察  �and   that   not   so   much   from   inherent   impossibility   as   from 

human   infirmity�察  �further�察  �that   by   reason   of   His   power   He   was   without 

equal   and   unique。   ��90��   Moses   admitted�察  �indeed�察  �that   there   were   beings 

��doubtless   by   the   plan   and   command   of   the   Lord��   who   acted   as   God's 

vicegerents ´ that is�察�beings to whom God had given the right�察�authority�察�

and   power   to   direct   nations�察  �and   to   provide   and   care   for   them�察  �but   he 

taught that this Being Whom they were bound to obey was the highest and 

Supreme God�察�or ��to use the Hebrew phrase�� God of gods�察�and thus in the 

song ��Exod。 xv��11�� he exclaims�察 �Who is like unto Thee�察�0 Lord�察�among 

the gods�拭─�and Jethro says ��Exod。 xviii��11���察 �Now I know that the Lord is 

greater than   all gods。;   ��91�� That   is   to   say�察  �I   am  at   length   compelled   to 

admit to Moses that Jehovah is greater than all gods�察�and that His power is 

unrivalled。;   ��92��   We   must   remain   in   doubt   whether   Moses   thought   that 

these beings who acted as God's vicegerents were created by Him�察�for he 

has stated nothing�察�so far as we know�察�about their creation and origin。 ��93�� 

He further taught that this Being had brought the visible world into order 

from     Chaos�察    �and   had    given    Nature    her   germs�察    �and   therefore     that  He 

possesses supreme right and power over all things�察�further�察�that by reason 

of   this   supreme   right   and   power   He   had   chosen   for   Himself   alone   the 

Hebrew nation and a certain strip of territory�察�and had handed over to the 

care   of   other   gods   substituted   by   Himself   the   rest   of   the   nations   and 

territories�察�and that therefore He was called the God of Israel and the God 

of Jerusalem�察�whereas the other gods were called the gods of the Gentiles。 

��94�� For this reason the Jews believed that the strip of territory which God 

had    chosen     for   Himself�察    �demanded       a  Divine    worship      quite   apart   and 

different   from   the   worship   which   obtained   elsewhere�察  �and   that   the   Lord 



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would not suffer the worship of other gods adapted to other countries。 ��95�� 

Thus they thought that the people whom the king of Assyria had brought 

into    Judaea    were   torn   in  pieces   by   lions   because    they   knew    not   the 

worship of the National Divinity ��2 Kings xvii��25��。 

     ��96��   Jacob�察  �according   to Aben   Ezra's   opinion�察  �therefo
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��