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��35�� It varied according to the temper of imagination in this way�此 �if a
prophet was cultivated he perceived the mind of God in a cultivated way�察�
if he was confused he perceived it confusedly。 ��36�� And so with
revelations perceived through visions。 ��37�� If a prophet was a countryman
he saw visions of oxen�察 �cows�察 �and the like�察 �if he was a soldier�察 �he saw
generals and armies�察�if a courtier�察�a royal throne�察�and so on。
��38�� Lastly�察 �prophecy varied according to the opinions held by the
prophets�察�for instance�察�to the Magi�察�who believed in the follies of astrology�察�
the birth of Christ was revealed through the vision of a star in the East。 ��39��
To the augurs of Nebuchadnezzar the destruction of Jerusalem was
revealed through entrails�察�whereas the king himself inferred it from oracles
and the direction of arrows which he shot into the air。 ��40�� To prophets
who believed that man acts from free choice and by his own power�察�God
was revealed as standing apart from and ignorant of future human actions。
��41�� All of which we will illustrate from Scripture。
��42�� The first point is proved from the case of Elisha�察�who�察�in order to
prophecy to Jehoram�察 �asked for a harp�察 �and was unable to perceive the
Divine purpose till he had been recreated by its music�察�then�察 �indeed�察 �he
prophesied to Jehoram and to his allies glad tidings�察�which previously he
had been unable to attain to because he was angry with the king�察�and these
who are angry with anyone can imagine evil of him�察�but not good。 ��43��
The theory that God does not reveal Himself to the angry or the sad�察�is a
mere dream�此�for God revealed to Moses while angry�察�the terrible slaughter
of the firstborn�察�and did so without the intervention of a harp。 ��44�� To Cain
in his rage�察�God was revealed�察�and to Ezekiel�察�impatient with anger�察�was
revealed the contumacy and wretchedness of the Jews。 ��45�� Jeremiah�察�
miserable and weary of life�察�prophesied the disasters of the Hebrews�察�so
that Josiah would not consult him�察�but inquired of a woman�察�inasmuch as
it was more in accordance with womanly nature that God should reveal
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His mercy thereto。 ��46�� So�察 �Micaiah never prophesied good to Ahab�察�
though other true prophets had done so�察�but invariably evil。 ��46�� Thus we
see that individual prophets were by temperament more fitted for one sort
of revelation than another。
��47�� The style of the prophecy also varied according to the eloquence
of the individual prophet。 ��48�� The prophecies of Ezekiel and Amos are
not written in a cultivated style like those of Isaiah and Nahum�察�but more
rudely。 ��49�� Any Hebrew scholar who wishes to inquire into this point
more closely�察�and compares chapters of the different prophets treating of
the same subject�察�will find great dissimilarity of style。 ��50�� Compare�察�for
instance�察�chap。 i。 of the courtly Isaiah�察�verse 11 to verse 20�察�with chap。 v。
of the countryman Amos�察�verses 21´24。 ��51�� Compare also the order and
reasoning of the prophecies of Jeremiah�察�written in Idumaea ��chap。 xhx。���察�
with the order and reasoning of Obadiah。 ��52�� Compare�察�lastly�察�Isa。 xl��19�察�
20�察�and xliv��8�察�with Hosea viii��6�察�and xiii��2。 And so on。
��53�� A due consideration of these passage will clearly show us that
God has no particular style in speaking�察�but�察�according to the learning and
capacity of the prophet�察 �is cultivated�察 �compressed�察 �severe�察 �untutored�察�
prolix�察�or obscure。
��54�� There was�察�moreover�察�a certain variation in the visions vouchsafed
to the prophets�察 �and in the symbols by which they expressed them�察 �for
Isaiah saw the glory of the Lord departing from the Temple in a different
form from that presented to Ezekiel。 ��55�� The Rabbis�察 �indeed�察 �maintain
that both visions were really the same�察 �but that Ezekiel�察 �being a
countryman�察�was above measure impressed by it�察�and therefore set it forth
in full detail�察 �but unless there is a trustworthy tradition on the subject�察�
which I do not for a moment believe�察�this theory is plainly an invention。
Isaiah saw seraphim with six wings�察�Ezekiel beasts with four wings�察�Isaiah
saw God clothed and sitting on a royal throne�察 �Ezekiel saw Him in the
likeness of a fire�察 �each doubtless saw God under the form in which he
usually imagined Him。
��56�� Further�察�the visions varied in clearness as well as in details�察�for
the revelations of Zechariah were too obscure to be understood by the
prophet without explanation�察 �as appears from his narration of them�察 �the
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visions of Daniel could not be understood by him even after they had been
explained�察�and this obscurity did not arise from the difficulty of the matter
revealed ��for being merely human affairs�察�these only transcended human
capacity in being future���察�but solely in the fact that Daniel's imagination
was not so capable for prophecy while he was awake as while he was
asleep�察�and this is further evident from the fact that at the very beginning
of the vision he was so terrified that he almost despaired of his strength。
��57�� Thus�察 �on account of the inadequacy of his imagination and his
strength�察 �the things revealed were so obscure to him that he could not
understand them even after they had been explained。 ��58�� Here we may
note that the words heard by Daniel�察 �were�察 �as we have shown above�察�
simply imaginary�察�so that it is hardly wonderful that in his frightened state
he imagined them so confusedly and obscurely that afterwards he could
make nothing of them。 ��59�� Those who say that God did not wish to make
a clear revelation�察�do not seem to have read the words of the angel�察�who
expressly says that he came to make the prophet understand what should
befall his people in the latter days ��Dan。 x��14��。
��60�� The revelation remained obscure because no one was found�察 �at
that time�察�with imagination sufficiently strong to conceive it more clearly。
��61�� Lastly�察 �the prophets�察 �to whom it was revealed that God would take
away Elijah�察�wished to persuade Elisha that he had been taken somewhere
where they would find him�察�showing sufficiently clearly that they had not
understood God's revelation aright。
��62�� There is no need to set this out more amply�察�for nothing is more
plain in the Bible than that God endowed some prophets with far greater
gifts of prophecy than others。 ��63�� But I will show in greater detail and
length�察�for I consider the point more important�察�that the prophecies varied
according to the opinions previously embraced by the prophets�察�and that
the prophets held diverse and even contrary opinions and prejudices。 ��64��
��I speak�察�be it understood�察�solely of matters speculative�察�for in regard to
uprightness and morality the case is widely different。�� ��65�� From thence I
shall conclude that prophecy never rendered the prophets more learned�察�
but left them with their former opinions�察�and that we are�察�therefore�察�not at
all bound to trust them in matters of intellect。
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��66�� Everyone has been strangely hasty in affirming that the prophets
knew everything within the scope of human intellect�察�and�察�although certain
passages of Scripture plainly affirm that the prophets were in certain
respects ignorant�察 �such persons would rather say that they do not
understand the passages than admit that there was anything which the
prophets did not know�察�or else they try to wrest the Scriptural words away
from their evident meaning。
��67�� If either of these proceedings is allowable we may as well shut
our Bibles�察 �for vainly shall we attempt to prove anything from them if
their plainest passages may be classed among obscure and impenetrable
mysteries�察�or if we may put any interpretation on them which we fancy。
��68�� For instance�察�nothing is more clear in the Bible than that Joshua�察�and
perhaps also the author who wrote his history�察 �thought that the sun
revolves round the earth�察�and that the earth is fixed�察�and further that the
sun for a certain period remained still。 ��69�� Many�察�who will not admit any
movement in the heavenly bodies�察�explain away the passage till it seems to
mean something quite different�察�others�察�who have learned to philosophize
more correctly�察�and understand that the earth moves while the sun is still�察�
or at any rate does not revolve round the earth�察�try with all their might to
wrest this meaning from Scripture�察 �though plainly nothing of the sort is
intended。 ��70�� Such quibblers excite my wonder� 。�71�� Are we�察 �forsooth�察�
bound to believe that Joshua the Soldier was a learned astronomer�拭�or that
a miracle could not be revealed to him�察�or that the light of the sun could
not remain longer than usual above th
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