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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及8何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



��35��   It   varied   according   to   the   temper   of   imagination   in   this   way�此  �if   a 

prophet was cultivated he perceived the mind of God in a cultivated way�察�

if   he   was    confused      he   perceived     it  confusedly。      ��36��   And     so   with 

revelations perceived through visions。 ��37�� If a prophet was a countryman 

he   saw   visions   of   oxen�察  �cows�察  �and   the   like�察  �if   he   was   a   soldier�察  �he   saw 

generals and armies�察�if a courtier�察�a royal throne�察�and so on。 

     ��38��   Lastly�察  �prophecy   varied   according   to   the   opinions   held   by   the 

prophets�察�for instance�察�to the Magi�察�who believed in the follies of astrology�察�

the birth of Christ was revealed through the vision of a star in the East。 ��39�� 

To    the   augurs     of  Nebuchadnezzar         the   destruction     of   Jerusalem     was 

revealed through entrails�察�whereas the king himself inferred it from oracles 

and   the   direction   of   arrows   which   he shot   into   the   air。   ��40�� To   prophets 

who believed that man acts from free choice and by his own power�察�God 

was revealed as standing apart from and ignorant of future human actions。 

��41�� All of which we will illustrate from Scripture。 

     ��42�� The first point is proved from the case of Elisha�察�who�察�in order to 

prophecy   to   Jehoram�察  �asked   for   a   harp�察  �and   was   unable   to   perceive   the 

Divine purpose   till   he   had   been   recreated by  its   music�察�then�察  �indeed�察 �he 

prophesied to Jehoram and to his allies glad tidings�察�which previously he 

had been unable to attain to because he was angry with the king�察�and these 

who are angry  with anyone   can   imagine evil  of him�察�but not good。  ��43�� 

The theory that God does not reveal Himself to the angry or the sad�察�is a 

mere dream�此�for God revealed to Moses while angry�察�the terrible slaughter 

of the firstborn�察�and did so without the intervention of a harp。 ��44�� To Cain 

in his rage�察�God was revealed�察�and to Ezekiel�察�impatient with anger�察�was 

revealed   the   contumacy   and   wretchedness   of   the   Jews。   ��45��   Jeremiah�察�

miserable and weary of life�察�prophesied the disasters of the Hebrews�察�so 

that Josiah would not consult him�察�but inquired of a woman�察�inasmuch as 

it   was   more   in   accordance   with   womanly  nature   that   God   should   reveal 



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His   mercy   thereto。   ��46��   So�察     �Micaiah   never   prophesied   good   to         Ahab�察�

though other true prophets had done so�察�but invariably evil。 ��46�� Thus we 

see that individual prophets were by temperament more fitted for one sort 

of revelation than another。 

     ��47�� The style of the prophecy also varied according to the eloquence 

of   the  individual   prophet。   ��48�� The  prophecies of   Ezekiel   and Amos   are 

not written in a cultivated style like those of Isaiah and Nahum�察�but more 

rudely。   ��49��   Any   Hebrew   scholar   who   wishes   to   inquire   into   this   point 

more closely�察�and compares chapters of the different prophets treating of 

the same subject�察�will find great dissimilarity of style。 ��50�� Compare�察�for 

instance�察�chap。 i。 of the courtly Isaiah�察�verse 11 to verse 20�察�with chap。 v。 

of the countryman Amos�察�verses 21´24。 ��51�� Compare also the order and 

reasoning of the prophecies of Jeremiah�察�written in Idumaea ��chap。 xhx。���察�

with the order and reasoning of Obadiah。 ��52�� Compare�察�lastly�察�Isa。 xl��19�察�

20�察�and xliv��8�察�with Hosea viii��6�察�and xiii��2。 And so on。 

     ��53�� A  due   consideration   of   these   passage   will   clearly   show   us   that 

God has no particular style in speaking�察�but�察�according to the learning and 

capacity      of  the   prophet�察    �is  cultivated�察   �compressed�察      �severe�察   �untutored�察�

prolix�察�or obscure。 

     ��54�� There was�察�moreover�察�a certain variation in the visions vouchsafed 

to   the   prophets�察  �and   in   the   symbols   by   which   they   expressed   them�察  �for 

Isaiah saw the glory of the Lord departing from the Temple in a different 

form   from   that   presented   to   Ezekiel。   ��55��   The   Rabbis�察  �indeed�察  �maintain 

that    both    visions    were     really   the   same�察    �but   that   Ezekiel�察    �being    a 

countryman�察�was above measure impressed by it�察�and therefore set it forth 

in   full   detail�察  �but   unless   there   is   a   trustworthy   tradition   on   the   subject�察�

which I do not for a moment believe�察�this theory is plainly an invention。 

Isaiah saw seraphim with six wings�察�Ezekiel beasts with four wings�察�Isaiah 

saw   God   clothed   and   sitting   on   a   royal   throne�察  �Ezekiel   saw   Him   in   the 

likeness   of   a   fire�察  �each   doubtless   saw   God   under   the   form   in   which   he 

usually imagined Him。 

     ��56�� Further�察�the visions varied in clearness as well as in details�察�for 

the   revelations   of   Zechariah   were   too   obscure   to   be   understood   by   the 

prophet   without   explanation�察  �as   appears   from   his   narration   of   them�察  �the 



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visions of Daniel could not be understood by him even after they had been 

explained�察�and this obscurity did not arise from the difficulty of the matter 

revealed ��for being merely human affairs�察�these only transcended human 

capacity in being future���察�but solely in the fact that Daniel's imagination 

was   not   so   capable   for   prophecy   while   he   was   awake   as   while   he   was 

asleep�察�and this is further evident from the fact that at the very beginning 

of the vision he was so terrified that he almost despaired of his strength。 

��57��    Thus�察   �on   account    of  the   inadequacy      of  his  imagination      and   his 

strength�察  �the   things   revealed   were   so   obscure   to   him   that   he   could   not 

understand   them  even   after   they  had   been   explained。   ��58��   Here   we   may 

note   that   the   words   heard   by   Daniel�察  �were�察  �as   we   have   shown   above�察�

simply imaginary�察�so that it is hardly wonderful that in his frightened state 

he   imagined   them  so   confusedly  and   obscurely  that   afterwards he   could 

make nothing of them。 ��59�� Those who say that God did not wish to make 

a clear revelation�察�do not seem to have read the words of the angel�察�who 

expressly says that he came to make the prophet understand what should 

befall his people in the latter days ��Dan。 x��14��。 

     ��60��   The   revelation   remained   obscure   because   no   one   was   found�察  �at 

that time�察�with imagination sufficiently strong to conceive it more clearly。 

��61��   Lastly�察 �the   prophets�察 �to   whom  it   was   revealed   that   God   would   take 

away Elijah�察�wished to persuade Elisha that he had been taken somewhere 

where they would find him�察�showing sufficiently clearly that they had not 

understood God's revelation aright。 

     ��62�� There is no need to set this out more amply�察�for nothing is more 

plain in the Bible than that God endowed some prophets with far greater 

gifts of prophecy  than  others。  ��63��   But   I   will show  in   greater   detail and 

length�察�for I consider the point more important�察�that the prophecies varied 

according to the opinions previously embraced by the prophets�察�and that 

the prophets held diverse and even contrary opinions and prejudices。 ��64�� 

��I speak�察�be it understood�察�solely of   matters speculative�察�for in regard to 

uprightness and morality the case is widely different。�� ��65�� From thence I 

shall   conclude   that   prophecy   never   rendered   the   prophets   more   learned�察�

but left them with their former opinions�察�and that we are�察�therefore�察�not at 

all bound to trust them in matters of intellect。 



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     ��66�� Everyone has been strangely hasty in affirming that the prophets 

knew everything within the scope of human intellect�察�and�察�although certain 

passages      of  Scripture    plainly   affirm   that    the  prophets     were    in  certain 

respects     ignorant�察    �such    persons     would     rather   say    that   they   do    not 

understand   the   passages   than   admit   that   there   was   anything   which   the 

prophets did not know�察�or else they try to wrest the Scriptural words away 

from their evident meaning。 

     ��67�� If either  of these  proceedings is allowable  we may  as well   shut 

our   Bibles�察  �for   vainly   shall   we   attempt   to   prove   anything   from   them   if 

their   plainest   passages   may   be   classed   among   obscure   and   impenetrable 

mysteries�察�or if we   may put any interpretation on them which we   fancy。 

��68�� For instance�察�nothing is more clear in the Bible than that Joshua�察�and 

perhaps      also   the  author    who     wrote    his  history�察  �thought     that   the  sun 

revolves round the earth�察�and that the earth is fixed�察�and further that the 

sun for a certain period remained still。 ��69�� Many�察�who will not admit any 

movement in the heavenly bodies�察�explain away the passage till it seems to 

mean something quite different�察�others�察�who have learned to philosophize 

more correctly�察�and understand that the earth moves while the sun is still�察�

or at any rate does not revolve round the earth�察�try with all their might to 

wrest this   meaning   from  Scripture�察  �though   plainly  nothing   of   the   sort   is 

intended。   ��70��   Such   quibblers   excite   my  wonder�   。�71�� Are   we�察  �forsooth�察�

bound to believe that Joshua the Soldier was a learned astronomer�拭�or that 

a miracle could not be revealed to him�察�or that the light of the sun could 

not remain longer than usual above th
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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